Validation of a Risk Score Incorporating Tumor Characteristics into the American Joint Committee on Cancer Anatomic Stage for Breast Cancer

Yi Heng Seow,Ru Xin Wong,John Heng Chi Lim,Weixiang Lian,Yoon Sim Yap,Fuh Yong Wong 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: The American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition (AJCC8) prognostic stage (PS) was implemented January 1, 2018, but it is complex due to multiple permutations. A North American group proposed a simpler system using the anatomic stage with a risk score system (RSS) of 1 point each for grade 3 tumor and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER) negativity. Here we aimed to evaluate this risk score system with our database of Asian breast cancer patients and compare it against the AJCC8 PS. Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast cancer stage I–IV in 2006–2012 were identified in the SingHealth Joint Breast Cancer Registry. Five-year breast cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated for each anatomic stage according to the risk score and compared with the AJCC8 PS. Results: A total of 6,656 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up was 61 (interquartile range, 37–90) months. There was a high receipt of endocrine therapy (84.6% of ER+ patients), chemotherapy (84.3% of node-positive patients), and trastuzumab (86.0% of HER2+ patients). Within each anatomic stage, there were significant differences in survival in all sub-stages except IIIB. On multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for negative ER was 1.74 (1.48–2.06), for negative HER2 was 1.49 (1.26–1.74), and for grade 3 was 1.84 (1.55–2.19). On multivariate analysis controlled for age, ethnicity, and receipt of chemotherapy, the RSS (Akaike information criterion [AIC] = 10,649.45; Harrell's Concordance Index [C] = 0.85) was not inferior to the AJCC8 PS (AIC = 10,726.65; C = 0.84) for CSS, nor was the RSS (AIC = 14,714.4; C = 0.82) inferior to the AJCC8 PS (AIC = 14,784.69; C = 0.81) for OS. Conclusion: The RSS is comparable to the AJCC8 PS for a patient population receiving chemotherapy as well as endocrine- and HER2-targeted therapy and further stratifies stage IV patients.

Mutual intercropping-inspired co-silanization to graft well-oriented organosilane as adhesion promotion nanolayer for flexible conductors

Yi-Hsuan Chen,Yi-Hsiang Lai,Ping-Heng Wu,Li-Syuan Chen,Yung-Sen Lin,Chih-Ming Chen 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.83 No.-

Surface metallization of polymer substrate andfilm adhesion are crucial to the development offlexibleelectronics. This study demonstrates the co-silanization engineering on the polyimide (PI)film by mutualintercropping of two organosilane molecules to improve their grafting orientability and enhance theadsorbability toward the PI substrate and loaded metal atoms. The mutual intercropping-inspired cosilanizationengineering is implemented by using 3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyridine (TEP) as asupporting organosilane to spatially confine the grafting orientation of the supported aminosilane, 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane (ETAS), leading to the formation of a wellorientedorganosilane composite nanolayer as adhesion promotion layer forflexible conductors. Theflexible Cu conductor electrolessly deposited on the PIfilm by co-silanization shows improved adhesionstrength (0.9 kgf/cm) compared to those based on mono-silanization (0.51 kgf/cm) and sputtered Ta/Cu(0.4 kgf/cm). Superior deformability (bendability) was also achieved for the co-silanized Cu/PI sample byretaining good electrical property after bending cycle up to 1000.

Towards Educating Brunei Darussalam Locals on Using Various Renewables as Feasible Energy Resources

Kiefer Lim Yi Heng,Kam Yi Jie 국제과학영재학회 2020 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.12 No.1

We posted a survey in the subreddit r/Brunei and 54 people answered it. This survey strongly suggests that the people of Brunei under the age of 30 are very pessimistic of Brunei successfully sustaining itself when its main source of revenue and energy, fossil fuels, runs out in 2035. However, they are supportive towards Brunei investing and improving in Brunei’s future sooner than later to secure the country’s economy, revenue, and energy, and ultimately maintain the standard of living of the population. They are also generally willing to take up environmental-friendly activities such as use public transport if it is well developed and convenient. For effective measures, the government can implement projects making renewable energy easier to access to encourage the locals to use renewable energy, particularly by making renewable energy cheaper and providing loans. The government could also aid the locals in making decisions to use renewable energy, basic knowledge of using and maintaining relevant renewable energy. Moreover, the government should make renewable energy more competitive than fossil fuels in terms of convenience and cost to push locals to use renewable energy, while encouraging locals to adopt renewable energy though mass media.

중국 칭다오와 한국 부산의 상가(商街) 건물 색채 비교 연구 : 칭다오(青岛) 중산로와 부산 남포동을 중심으로

모예형(Mao, Yi Heng),김종기(Kim, Jong Ki) 한국디자인리서치학회 2021 한국디자인리서치 Vol.6 No.3

상가(商街) 색채는 도시 색채의 중요한 구성 요소로서 도시의 활력을 촉진하고 도시 이미지를 나타내는 것에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문은 경관색의 관점에서 칭다오와 부산의 상가건물 색채에 대하여 연구한다. 먼저 거시적으로 두 도시의 대경관에 대한 상관관계를 논술하고, 연구를 위하여 미시적으로 사진을 수집, 분석하였으며, 정확성을 위하여 데이터를 정량화하고 그 정량한 데이터는 도표로 제시한다. 결과를 통해 비교적 객관적인 분석을 통해 양국 도시의 상업 거리의 건물 색채 경관을 비교하였다. 칭다오와 부산 상가 건물의 색채 분포를 요약하면 전체적으로 주황색계열, 빨간색계열, 파란색계열로 비슷한 결론이 나왔으며, 부산 상가 건물의 색채는 칭다오보다 채도가 낮고, 파란색계열의 건물은 칭다오보다 많으며, 색채운용에서는 칭다오보다 연두색계열이 많다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 분석한 내용과 정량화한 데이터 결과물은 앞으로 도시 디자인과 문화 연구에 중요한 참고가 될 것으로 판단되며, 앞으로 계속 연구를 통하여 동일색채와 다른색채로 디자인 되는 이유, 그리고 그 영향에 대하여 연구를 진행한다. As an important part of city color, commercial street color plays an important role in promoting city vitality and displaying city image. This paper discusses the architectural color of commercial streets in Qingdao and Busan from the perspective of landscape color. Firstly, the correlation between the two cities in the large landscape is discussed on the macro level, and then the results are obtained on the micro level by collecting pictures, quantifying pictures, sorting out data and drawing charts. Through the results, the color landscape of commercial street buildings in the two countries is analyzed and compared objectively. Finally, it is concluded that the color distribution of commercial streets in Qingdao and Busan is mainly red, yellow and red tones, supplemented by blue tones. And the difference is analyzed: the color of the buildings in Busan Commercial Street is lower than that in Qingdao, the blue buildings are more than that in Qingdao, and the color application is more yellow-green than that in Qingdao. The research results can be used as a reference for Chinese and Korean urban design and cultural research. In the future, the author will continue to study and explore the influence of its color similarities and differences.

A reinforcement learning approach for widest path routing in software-defined networks

Ke Chih-Heng,Tu Yi-Hao,Ma Yi-Wei 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.5

In this paper, a routing method based on reinforcement learning (RL) under software-defined networks (SDN), namely the Q-learning widest-path routing algorithm (Q-WPRA), is proposed. This algorithm processes the reward function according to the link bandwidth in the execution environment to find the optimal (i.e., widest) transmission path with the maximum bandwidth between the source and the destination through RL. The experimental results reveal that the Q-WPRA is outperformance than Dijkstra’s algorithm and Dijkstra’s widest-path algorithm to find the widest transmission path in SDN environment under different bandwidths, loss rates, and background traffic.

Novel DC Grid Connection Topology and Control Strategy for DFIG-based Wind Power Generation System

Yi, Xilu,Nian, Heng Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.4

The paper presents a novel DC grid connection topology and control strategy for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power generation system. In order to achieve the wind power conversion, the stator side converter and the rotor side converter is used to implement the DFIG control based on the indirect air-gap flux orientation, and a DC/DC converter is used for the DFIG system to DC grid connection. The maximum power point tracking and DC voltage droop control can also be implemented for the proposed DFIG system. Finally, a 4-terminal DFIG-based multi-terminal DC grid system is developed by Matlab to validate the availability of the proposed system and control strategy.

Binary Structured Polypropylene/Polyethylene Glycol Micronanofibrous Membranes with Enhanced Water and Air Permeability

Heng Zhang,Qi Zhen,Jing-Qiang Cui,Huan-Wei Sun,Rang-Tong Liu,Yi-Feng Zhang,Yong Liu 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.1

As a stable chemical material, polypropylene (PP) micro-nanofibrous membranes are widely used in medical andhealth care. However, PP fibrous membranes with single nano scale diameter are conducive to high packing density, whichresults in large flow resistance across the membrane. Therefore, to improve the material’s water and air permeability,polyethylene glycol (PEG), an incompatible polymer with PP, was introduced by blending in a modified method using a meltblowing process. This proposed approach allows large 10 μm diameter fibers to be entangled with fine 300 nm diameterfibers to produce highly porous binary structured fibrous membranes with small pore size. Because of its binary structure, theair permeability in the material reached 569.56 mm/s and the water vertical velocity was 70.15 mm/s. Additionally, the threedimensionalnumerical calculations suggested that the high porosity and binary structure were key to enhancing waterpermeability in the fibrous membranes. These binary structured micro-nanofibrous membranes are expected to be used forfiltration, separation, health care, oil/water separation, medical wound dressings, and other applications.

Advanced Spectral-Ratio Radon Background Estimate in Airborne Gamma-Ray Spectrometry and Calibration Technology

Yi Gu,Heng Lu,Meng Wang,Liangquan Ge,Qingxian Zhang 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.76 No.5

This paper discusses an advanced spectral-ratio method that subtracts Compton scattering rays by using a Fast Fourier Transform rather than tripping ratios and establishes a new radon background estimation mathematical model. A ground model calibration technology and a non-radioactive calibration technology based on a multiple-step Monte Carlo simulation are proposed for determining the new calibration coefficients. Applying the new calibration coefficients by using the two calibration technologies, we can remove successfully from the U window. The relative standard deviation of the radon-corrected U window count between the two calibration technologies is less than 30% within the height of the airborne survey, and it is reduced as the height increases.

The Parental Source of the Terra Rossa like Soils on the Liuchiuyu Island, Taiwan

Heng Tsai,Wen-Shu Huang,Shiuh-Tsuen Huang,Zeng-Yi Hseu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Treatment Retention Rates of 3-monthly Paliperidone Palmitate and Risk Factors Associated with Discontinuation: A Population-based Cohort Study

Chien-Heng Lin,Huang-Li Lin,Chih-Lin Chiang,Yi-Wen Chen,Yan-Fang Liu,Yen Kuang Yang,Chao-Hsiun Tang 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.3

Objective: Limited evidence exists regarding real-world 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) treatment retention and associated factors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, nationwide cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between October 2017 and December 2019. Adult patients with schizophrenia initiated on PP3M were enrolled. The primary outcomes were time to PP3M discontinuation, time to psychiatric hospitalization, and the proportions of patients receiving the next PP3M dose within 120 days among first-, second-, and third-dose completers. Key covariates included prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation. Results: The PP3M treatment retention rates were 79.7%, 66.3%, and 52.5% after 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, with 86.4%, 90.6%, and 90.0% of respective first-, second-, and third-dose completers receiving the next PP3M dose. Adequate PP3M initiation and prior PP1M treatment duration > 180 days were associated with favorable PP3M treatment retention. In multivariate analyses, PP1M durations of 180−360 days (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.76) or < 180 days (aRR, 2.79) were associated with PP3M discontinuation at the second dose. Inadequate PP3M initiation was associated with discontinuation at the third dose (aRR, 2.18). Patients fully adherent to PP3M treatment in the first year had a higher probability of being free from psychiatric hospitalization (86.7% at 2 years), compared with those partially adherent or non-adherent to PP3M in the first year. Conclusion: Prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation are major factors affecting PP3M treatment retention. Higher PP3M treatment retention is associated with a lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization.