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The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea
Su-Jin Kang,Jihyun Moon,Heewon Kang,Heekyoung Nam,Sangwoo Tak,Sung-Il Cho 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5
302 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine J Prev Med Public Health 2020;53:302-306 • https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213 The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea SuJin Kang1, Jihyun Moon2, Heewon Kang1, Heekyoung Nam3, Sangwoo Tak1, Sung-il Cho1,3 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Brief Report Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.
Abdominal wall mass suspected of endometriosis: clinical and pathologic features
( Heekyoung Song ),( Sanghee Lee ),( Min Jeong Kim ),( Jae Eun Shin ),( Dae Woo Lee ),( Hae Nam Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.3
Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of lower anterior abdominal wall masses suspicious for endometriosis. Methods A retrospective review of 38 patients who underwent surgery for a lower anterior abdominal wall mass suspicious for endometriosis was performed. Those with skin and intraperitoneal masses, lipomas, hernias, and metastatic malignant masses were excluded. Patient age, body mass index, delivery history, dysmenorrhea, and mass size and location were analyzed. Results Thirty-seven (97.3%) patients had a relevant surgical history, including 35 (92.1%) with a history of cesarean section (C/S). Among the three patients with no history of C/S, 1 underwent total abdominal and another total laparoscopic hysterectomy, and 1 had no previous surgical history. The mean (±standard deviation) size of the abdominal masses was 3.2±1.2 cm. One patient developed a recurrent mass after excision of abdominal wall endometriosis. Trocar site endometrioma was found in one patient following total laparoscopic hysterectomy. According to the final pathology reports, endometriosis was found in 35 (92.1%) of patients. The remaining 3 patients (7.9%) had malignancy: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Before surgery, only 3 patients (7.9%) underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the masses, which were all postoperatively confirmed to be pathologically benign. Conclusion Although most abdominal wall masses in the present sample were endometriosis occurring at the scar site from a previous operation, 7.9% of patients ultimately exhibited malignancy. Therefore, all patients with suspected anterior wall endometriosis should undergo preoperative biopsy to identify the few that will have an alternative diagnosis.
Radiosensitization of brain metastasis by targeting c-MET.
Yang, Heekyoung,Lee, Hye Won,Kim, Yonghyun,Lee, Yeri,Choi, Yeon-Sook,Kim, Kang Ho,Jin, Juyoun,Lee, Jeongwu,Joo, Kyeung Min,Nam, Do-Hyun United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.3
<P>Radiotherapy is the most widely used therapeutic modality in brain metastasis; however, it only provides palliation due to inevitable tumor recurrence. Resistance of tumor cells to ionizing radiation is a major cause of treatment failure. A critical unmet need in oncology is to develop rationale driven approaches that can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy against metastatic tumor. Utilizing in vivo orthotopic primary tumor and brain metastasis models that recapitulate clinical situation of the patients with metastatic breast cancer, we investigated a molecular mechanism through which metastatic tumor cells acquire resistance to radiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-c-Met pathway is essential for the pathologic development and progression of many human cancers such as proliferation, invasion and resistance to anticancer therapies. In this study, c-Met signaling activity as well as total c-Met expression was significantly upregulated in both breast cancer cell lines irradiated in vitro and ex vivo radio-resistant cells derived from breast cancer brain metastatic xenografts. To interrogate the role of c-Met signaling in radioresistance of brain metastasis, we evaluated the effects on tumor cell viability, clonogenicity, sensitivity to radiation, and in vitro/in vivo tumor growth after targeting c-Met by small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small-molecule kinase inhibitor (PF-2341066). Although c-Met silencing or radiation alone demonstrated a modest decrease in clonogenic growth of parental breast cancers and brain metastatic derivatives, combination of two modalities showed synergistic antitumor effects resulting in significant prolongation of overall survival in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, optimizing c-Met targeting in combination with radiation is critical to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy in the treatments of brain metastasis.</P>
Mesoporous Structure Control of Silica in Room-Temperature Synthesis under Basic Conditions
Seo, Jeong Wook,Lee, Woo-Jin,Nam, Seongju,Ryoo, Heekyoung,Kim, Jong-Nam,Ko, Chang Hyun Hindawi Limited 2015 Journal of nanomaterials Vol.2015 No.-
<P>Various types of mesoporous silica, such as continuous cubic-phase MCM-48, hexagonal-phase MCM-41, and layer-phase spherical silica particles, have been synthesized at room temperature using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant, ethanol as a cosurfactant, tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica precursor, and ammonia as a condensation agent. Special care must be taken both in the filtering of the resultant solid products and in the drying process. In the drying process, further condensation of the silica after filtering was induced. As the surfactant and cosurfactant concentrations in the reaction mixture increased and the NH3concentration decreased, under given conditions, continuous cubic MCM-48 and layered silica became the dominant phases. A cooperative synthesis mechanism, in which both the surfactant and silica were involved in the formation of mesoporous structures, provided a good explanation of the experimental results.</P>
온라인 시스템을 활용한 대규모 서답형 평가의 채점 일관성
송미영(Mi-Young Song),김수진(Kim Soojin),김희경(HeeKyoung Kim),남명호(Myung-Ho Nam) 한국교육평가학회 2009 교육평가연구 Vol.22 No.3
대규모 학업성취도 평가의 서답형 문항에 대한 응시자들의 응답은 합숙형 수기 채점 방식으로 채점되어 왔으나,이 방식은 채점자 섭외,채점 장소 확보 등 여러 가지 현실적인 어려움이 있었다.이러한 어려움을 해소하기 위하여 기존 방식의 대안으로 온라인 시스템을 활용하는 방식을 고려할 수 있다.본 연구는 온라인 채점 시스템을 설계․구현하여 실제 적용 가능성을 검증하였다.채점자간 신뢰도를 산출한 결과, 0.810이상의 높은 상관으로 보여 채점자 신뢰도는 상당히 높았다.채점자간 점수 차이가 일정 기준을 초과할 경우 채점자들에 의한 재채점이 진행되었는데,1,2차 시기의 답안을 통합하여 구한 채점의 신뢰도는 1차 시기답안만을 대상으로 한 경우보다 모든 교과에서 증가하였다.이러한 결과로부터 온라인 채점시스템을 활용하면 채점 과정을 실시간으로 인터넷을 통해 모니터할 수 있기 때문에 채점 오류를 최소화하고 채점의 공정성과 신뢰도를 현격히 제고할 수 있으리라 기대된다. National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) in Korea, a large-scale national assessment has scored students' constructed-response items through in-hands by gathering in one secure dplace. This method had a several difficulties such as recruiting raters, booking a large enough places to keep all the raters and test book lets. This study examined the applicability of on-line scoring system for constructed-response items in a large-scale assessment. The performance samples of about 10,000 nine-graders for five subject areas such as Korean, Social Science, Mathematics, Science, English in NAEA were used. Every construct responses were scored by at least two raters. The responses were re-scored when differences between two raters' scores were greater than a certain criterion. The inter-rater reliabilities were above the 0.81, which is a very high. The result of this study shows that the correlations and agreements between scores by two raters were very high, and re-scoring improved the rater consistency evenmore.This study proved that on-line scoring system would be a stable scoring method of constructed responses for the large-scale assessment.