2~4세기 고구려 지방통치의 발전과 대민지배의 강화

최희수(Choi, Hee-soo) 한국고대사탐구학회 2013 한국고대사탐구 Vol.13 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 2~4세기 고구려 지방통치가 어떻게 운영되었는가를 살피는 데 있다. 2세기 말부터 4세기 말에 이르는 시기는 지방통치체계가 발전하는 시기였다. 2세기 말부터 곡-촌 단위까지 파악이 되고 있다. 이 대민파악을 토대로 3세기 초에는 전기 의 1단계 통치체계에서 태수-재라는 2단계 통치체계를 구현했다. 때문에 민에 대한 파악과 관리가 훨씬 수월해지게 되었다. 그리고 광활한 영토가 확보되는 광개토왕대에는 필요한 지역에 수사직이라는 광역의 지방관이 설정되었다. 지방의 구조는 나부·성 - 성·곡 - 성·촌의 단위로 이루어졌다. 그러나 자연적인 지방단위보다는 인위적인 편제단위가 두드러지게 나타난 시기이기도 했다. 그럼으로써 개별적인 민에 대한 관리가 가능하게끔 편제를 하였던 것이다. 이 시기에는 가구 단위로 민을 파악하고 관리했지만 역역 동원시에는 해당역역의 특성에 따라 가 단위로 차출하거나 곡 또는 촌 단위로 차출을 했다 조세의 수취는 대체로 . 가구 단위의 빈부를 조사하여 차등적으로 징수했던 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is how operated local ruling in 2-4 century period of Koguryo. From ending of 2nd century to ending of 4th century, the local ruling is developed more step. In the regional areas, Na-Bu and Seong-eup still existed. For each of these Seong-eup, Tae-soo(태수) and Jae(재) was dispatched, respectively to be responsilble for ruling. King Sansang(산상왕) carries out moves the capital to HwanDo-seong(환도성) in Kuknae area. From after that, local rulng system was upgraded. The local officer who called Soo-sa(수사) were dispatched in King Gwanggaeto period. They governed more wide area than Tae-soo or Jae. At this time, the local area was composed to Nabu Seong Chon. The operation of local rule the tax collection and manpower mobilization accomplished directly control.

HPLC를 사용한 쌀 중 잔류농약 동시분석법

최재천,이영자,김소희,최수영,최희주,정성욱,박흥재,김우성 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

A simple and sensitive analytical method based on RP-HPLC with UV detector(225 nm) and mobile phases using 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile was developed for simultaneous determination of quinclorac, bentazone, 2,4-D, bensulfuron-methyl, dymuron, capropamide, pencycuron, ethofenprox. This method was resulted in recovery of 78~ 96% with RSD 3.3~7.5%. LODs 0.12~0.84 and LOQs 0.34~1.20 ㎎/L. Calibration curves were linear with r of 0.9995~ 0.9999.

일부 성인의 치과 공포감 관련 요인

김수경 ( Soo Kyung Kim ),김미희 ( Mi Hee Kim ),최현지 ( Hyun Ji Choi ),황정근 ( Jung Geun Hwang ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2014 한국치위생학회지 Vol.14 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the related factors to dental fear in some adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 320 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from April to June, 2013. Except 14 incomplete answers, data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects(7 questions), dental fear related factor(18 questions), distrust for dentist(15 questions), and distrust for dental hygienist(11 questions). The instrument for dental treatment fear was Dental fear Survey(DFS) adapted from Kleinknecht and partly modified by Choi. Out of 20 questions, 18 questions were reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher dental fear. Cronbach alpha was 0.959 in the study. The distrust for dentist and dental hygienist was adapted from Choi and reconstructed and score by Likert 5 scale. Higher score means higher distrust for dentist and dental hygienist. Cronbach alpha was 0.937 in distrust for dentist and 0.874 in distrust for dental hygienist in the study. Results: Those who experienced dental pain tended to have dental fear. The reasons for dental fear were as follows; bad breath(2.96 out of 5 points, hereafter represented as of 2.96/5), dental caries(2.88/5), missing teeth(2.87/5) and tooth pain(2.77/5). The distrust for the dentist was the main dental fear in the adults. Conclusions: The dental fear was closely related to gender, experience of dental pain, oral symptoms and distrust for the dentist. As the psychological pain in the patients was mainly influenced by the trustful atmosphere, it is necessary to make the patient easy before treatment.

디지털 인문학의 현황과 과제

최희수 한성대학교 인문과학연구원 2011 소통과 인문학 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study is to look the role and aims of the humanities in the digital age. Humanities in the digital age began using digital technology contributed to the humanities. For a typical example, Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(조선왕조실록), the Royal Secretariat(승정원일기), and a Journal such as Ilseongrok(일성록) were digitized in the part of History. As a result, research have been activated. On the other hand, Humanities in the digital age has evolved with the development of technology. For example, Graphics, Virtual Reality, Images, Electronic Maps, etc. These technologies were deployed various methodologies in the Humanities. In addition, Humanities research topics have been expanded dramatically in Time and Space. People to participate in the study were varied Computer, Graphics, Architecture, and Arts, This phenomenon was not visible in the traditional Liberal Arts. But the humanities should not dependent on digital technology. In contrast, the Humanities should be required to digital technology to enable Humanistic Thinking.

TFD 소자의 전기적 특성에 관한 상위전극의 영향

최희동,이명재,고동완,곽성관,김동식,정관수 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2002 레이저공학 Vol.13 No.-

In this work, we examined the electrical and mechanical characteristics of TFD devices for various top electrode materials by measuring barrier height and performing ASE depth profile. It was found that the shift of current-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of TFD device depends on the top electrode material. The main reason of the asymmetry in Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was the differences in barrier height of top and bottom electrodes, and chemical composition at the interface region between top electrode and insulator layer also was important reason. The barrier heights(φ_B) evaluated from temperature dependence of the Ⅰ-Ⅴ relation are 0.7795(Al) 1.0287(Ti) and 1.2928(Ta) eV.

대구지역 대학생의 치아우식 활성과 타액성분에 대한 연구

최수영,민봉희 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and salivary components or properties. Twenty two university students were selected randomly and their salivary factors including viscosity, pH, buffering capacity, and microbiological distribution were analyzed. Among whole case of 22, three students(16.7%) had a moderate activity of dental caries and the rest were caries-free as a result of laboratory tests. The viscosity, acid formation, and the distribution of microorganisms in positive students for dental caries were higher than those in negative students but buffering capacity was low relatively in carious students. In microbiological investigations, there was no significant difference in total bacterial counts between carious and caries-free students. For the standardization and elucidation of dental caries factors, many microorganisms were isolated from carious teeth and identified by using commercial identification kits. Most of the isolated strains belonged to the Genus Streptococcus and identified as Streptococcus agalacoae, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium by the physiological and biochemical characterization methods. However, the causative agent of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans was not isolated in this study.

제Ⅳ형 근관에서 System B Plugger tip의 깊이에 따른 근관 충전 효과

최희원,김수미,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.6

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the apical sealing according to the depth of the System B Plugger tip when root canal was filled with gutta-percha and sealer by Continuous Wave of Condensation technique in the Type Ⅳ canal. 50 simulated resin blocks with J-shaped curvature canals were instrumented by ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagiues, Switzerland) Ni-Ti files using the crown-down technique. Type Ⅳ canals were made using a broken ProTaper F3 Ni-Ti file for making a ledge at 3mm short from the working length. And ProTaper F1 Ni-Ti file was used for perforating resin block. The prepared Type Ⅳ canals were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each according to the depth of System B Plugger tip. All of experimental groups were obturated with Continuous Wave of Condensation technique. The length of gutta-percha and sealer in lingual of the Type Ⅳ canals was measured with a measuring digital calliper under magnifying glass (x 2.3). The results are as follows : 1. In control group, there was no gutta-percha and sealer in lingual canal. 2. 3 mm group showed relatively more gutta-percha than 5mm or 7 mm group (p<0.05) 3. 7 mm group did not showed gutta-percha and relatively more void were observed than 3mm or 5 mm group. (p<0.05) In conclusion, within the limits of the results of this experiment, the 3 mm depth of System B Plugger tip was acceptable for obturating the Type Ⅳ canal. 본 연구의 목적은 제 Ⅳ형 근관에서 Continuous Wave 가압법을 이용하여 충전할 때 System B Plugger tip의 깊이에 따른 근단부 밀폐효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 50개의 J형 만곡을 갖는 레진 블록에 부러진 F3 ProTaper파일을 이용해 근관장에서 3mm 지점에 ledge를 형성한 후, F1ProTaper Ni-Ti file을 이용해 레진 블록을 천공시켜 제 Ⅳ형 근관을 형성하고 System B Plugger tip의 깊이에 따라 3개의 실험군과 1개의 대조군으로 분류하였다. 제 Ⅳ형 근관의 거터퍼쳐와 실러의 길이는 확대경하에서 캘리퍼를 이용해 측정하였고 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대조군의 설측 근관에서 거터퍼쳐와 실러 모두 관찰되지 않았다. 2. 3 mm군에서는 5mm또는 7mm군에 비해 유의하게 많은 거터퍼쳐의 충전이 관찰되었다 (p<0.05). 3. 7 mm군에서는 유의하게 많은 빈 공간이 관찰되었다 (p<0.05).

고령토로부터 알루미나 추출에 관한 연구(Ⅲ):염산에 의한 추출

최세영,이용근,이희수,김형국 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1992 논문집 Vol.24 No.1

The preparation conditions of alumina powder extracted by hydrochloric acid from domestic San-Cheong kaolin have been investigated. In order to obtain best conditions to extract alumina by hydrochloric acid, experiments carried out with various acid concentrations, reaction temperatures, reaction times, and pH. The optimum conditions were 20 wt.-% for hydrochloric aicd concentration, 100℃ for reaction temperature, 7hrs for reaction time and pH8. The yield of alumina found to be 89.2wt.-% under these conditions. Two drying methods, direct and ethanol distillation drying method to control the precipitated agglomeration have deen compared. The ethanol distillation drying method revealed more narrow particle size distribution and less agglomerate than the direct drying method.

Fecal sterol을 이용한 울산만과 주변해역 퇴적물내 하수기인 유기물 평가

최민규,최희구,김상수,문효방 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Surface sediments (0~4 cm) were sampled at 40 stations from Ulsan Bay and its adjacent areas of Korea, to evaluate the contamination by sewage-derived organic matters using fecal sterols. Some sterols were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, cholesterol. cholestanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, (3-sitosterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol) in the sediments from Ulsan Bay and its vicinity varied from 929 to 23.444 ng/g dry weight. The most predominant sterols were cholesterol and coprostanol, accounting for 33~72% of total sterols. The concentration of coprostanol known as the indicator of human feces ranged from 141 to 8,257 ng/g dry weight. In particular, the coprostanol concentrations in the sediments from Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River exceeded the value of 1,000 ng/g dry weight. suggesting that these areas could be considered as the hot-spot zones by municipal sewage contamination. Some molecular indices and multivariate data analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols in the sediments. Results showed that the major routes of sewage contamination in Ulsan Bay and its vicinity were the input through Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River.

非晶質滋性合金薄帶의 滋歪測定에 관한 硏究

崔熙太,愼鏞璡,徐康壽 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1989 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This paper is studied on the measurement of magnetostriction of an alloy ribbons tensile force, via measuring the response ar the double frequency of the driving field frequency. The experiments with both crystalline magnetic material,(??)-Fe and amorphous magnetic material. ??, proved that the possibility in this paper can measure magnetostriction with ease and high accuracy.