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문효방,이수정,박종수 한국수산과학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.3
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in seventy marine organisms (40 species) from the Korean coast. PAHs were present in all the organisms. The level of total PAHs in the organisms varied from 0.45 to 224ng/g dry weight and the carcinogenic PAHs varied from 0.05 to 49.8ng/g dry weight. The PAHs residues according to the marine organisms showed a highest content in bivalve species, and followed by crustaceans, cephalopods, fish and gastropods. Human dietary intake of total PAHs through marine organism in Korea was estimated to be 4.12ng/kg body weight/day and 0.67ng/kg body weight/day for carcinogenic PAHs. The relative contributions of individual species to the total dietary intake of PAHs were in the order of bivalves (53.4%), fish (21.9%), crustaceans (15.3%), cephalopods (8.8%) and gastropods (0.6%). Daily dietary intake of PAH-TEQ expressed as a TEQ value was estimated to be 0.13pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, which did not exceed a tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the KFDA and the WHO as well as the UK toxicity committee. Lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of marine species by the Korean adult was evaluated using the equation estimating exposure of food ingestion. Although approximately 23% of cumulative frequency of the sampled marine species exceeded the cancer risk guideline, lifetime cancer risk associated with marine organism consumption was negligible. Results indicate that dietary intake of PAHs through the consumption of the Korean marine organisms seems to be safe for human ingestion with negligible cancer risk.
문효방,이수정,최희구 한국수산과학회 2004 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.7 No.4
Marine sediments and bivalves were sampled at 20 stations from coastal regions of Korea, to investigate the levels and patterns of some chlorobenzene isomers. Total chlorobenzenes were in the range of 0.32-3.55ng/g dry weight in marine sediments and 0.26-0.84ng/g wet weight in bivalves. Hexachlorobenzene levels in marine sediments and bivalves were lower than or comparable to those levels of reported in other countries. Isomeric patterns of some chlorobenzenes in marine sediments and bivalves were slightly different. However, the pre- dominant isomer in marine sediments and bivalves was 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Hexachloro- benzene contribution to total concentrations was higher in sediments than in bivalves.
문효방,옥곤,Hee-Gu Choi 한국환경분석학회 2004 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.7 No.3
We collected sediments from the Nakdong River estuary and Ulsan Bay. The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls( PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) were determined to investigate the availability of SRM and its homogeneity. The 8 congeners of PCBs and chlordane, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane(DDD), p,p’- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(DDE), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT), dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and oxychlordane were determined by a capillary column gas chromatography/electron capture detector system. The environmental levels of these species and their relative standard deviations are discussed
Pollution History of Fecal Sterols in Dated Sediment Core from Masan Bay, Korea
문효방,최민규,김혜선,임우진,유준,최희구 한국환경분석학회 2008 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.11 No.3
Fecal sterols have been used as a molecular marker for domestic pollution because of their abundance in human waste, high affinity to organic matter and persistence in anoxic sediment. Dated sediment core was collected near a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Masan Bay, Korea, to investigate the historical trend of fecal sterols. The highest concentration of fecal sterols in the sediment core was found at the surface layer (dated as 2005). Rapid change in the concentrations of fecal sterols coincides with the establishment and operation of a WWTP; this suggested that discharges from WWTP contributed to contamination by fecal sterols in the bay. Analysis of data by non-parametric multidimensional scaling ordination showed the pollution history of fecal sterols associated with WWTP operation. Inventories and fluxes of fecal sterols have rapidly increased since establishment of the WWTP, indicating that the discharge of WWTP is an important source of sediment contamination in aquatic environment.
해양산업시설 배출 HNS 추정/비표적 분석기술(S/NTA) 개발
문효방(Hyo-Bang Moon),목소리(Sori Mok),이창화(Chang-Hwa Lee),이현경(Hyun-Kyung Lee),이성규(Sunggyu Lee) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
전세계적으로 1억 개가 넘는 많은 화학물질이 산업용으로 생산되고 사용되고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 1970대년 이후 울산/온산, 포항과 같이 대규모 산업단지는 연안에 근접하여 발달한 특성을 가지고 있어, 다양한 산업용 화학물질이 해양환경으로 유입될 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 지속적이고 활발한 산업 활동은 해양환경으로 배출되는 유해물질(hazardous and noxious substances, HNS)의 종류와 양을 증가시키게 되어 해양생태계에 서식하는 다양한 생물에게 독성학적 영향을 일으킬 수 있다. 따라서 해양환경에 잔류하는 다양한 HNS 중 우선적으로 관리 및 규제가 필요한 물질을 선정하는 우선순위를 과학적으로 방법으로 결정할 필요가 있다. 추정 및 비표적분석기법은 표준물질이 없더라고 환경 중에 잔류하는 오염물질의 정성적 확인이 가능한 첨단분석기법으로 다양한 화합물을 동시에 확인 가능한 분석기법이다. 본 연구에서는 해양배출수 및 인근 퇴적물에 잔류하는 신규 HNS를 제안하기 위하여 기체크로마토그래피-비행시간질량형 분석기를 이용하여 각 기기의 분석조건을 최적화하였다. 추정분석을 위하여 문헌과 국제적 관심도를 반영하여 해양에 검출될 가능성이 높은 산업용 물질을 질량분석기 D/B에 구축하였으며, 비표적분석을 위한 물질 확인의 기준치도 확립하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 추정/비표적 분석기법은 해양에 잔류하는 HNS 규제에 대한 과학적 타당성, 정책적 절차성의 당위성을 높일 수 있는 도구로서 활용될 것을 기대한다. More than 100 million chemicals have been registered and consumed for industrial activities. The big-sized industrial complexes, such as Ulsan, Onsan, Busan, and Pohang, have been developed along the Korea coast since the 1970s. Considering the intensive industrial activities, many types of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) could be released into marine coastal environment. To effectively prioritize the targeted HNS as regulated contaminants, the scientific analytical method is needed for the prioritization in the marine environment. In this study, the suspect and non-target analysis (S/NTA) using a gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF) was introduced for prioritization for the regulation of emitted HNS to marine environment. Instrumental conditions of GC and TOF/MS were optimized to identify and to explore newly detected HNS in effluent and sediment samples. For suspect analysis, new industrial chemicals were registered in in-house library. The criteria for acceptable levels as a compound or peak and data processing was suggested for the non-target analysis. Our approach or systematic framework proposed in the present study can be effectively utilized as scientific-based decision procedure for prioritization on HNS in the marine environment.