Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release of Hydroxyapatite Coated Liposomes

조성근,위태인,하정,조선행,한건,한희동,신병철,Cho, Sung Keun,Wee, Tae In,Ha, Jeung,Cho, Sun Hang,Han, Kun,Han, Hee Dong,Shin, Byung Cheol Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4

리포솜은 표적 약물을 봉입하여 병소에 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 약물전달체로서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 리포솜은 표적부위에서 약물방출이 제한적인 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리포솜의 안정성을 향상시키고 표적부위에서 외부 초음파로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위하여 하이드록시아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HA)가 코팅된 리포솜을 개발하였다. 대조군 리포솜은 인지질과 콜레스테롤을 이용하여 제조하였고, 대조군 리포솜의 표면에 칼슘 아세테이트, 포스포릭에시드, 그리고 25% 암모니아용액을 이용하여 HA를 코팅하였다. 모델 약물로는 독소루비신을 사용하였다. HA코팅 리포솜의 크기는 120 nm 이었고, 약물봉입효율은 95% 이상이었다. 30% 혈장용액 내에서 HA코팅 리포솜의 입자크기는 일정한 상태를 유지하였으며, 대조군 리포솜은 크기가 1.4배 증가하였다. 외부 초음파 자극에 의한 리포솜으로부터 약물 방출을 유도한 후, 방출된 약물의 세포 이입율은 HA 코팅된 리포솜이 3배 이상 대조군 리포솜에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 외부 초음파 자극에 의하여 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위한 초음파 민감형 리포솜을 개발하였고, 본 제형은 표적부위에서 약물의 방출을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 분야에 활용이 가능할 것이다. Liposomes, which can deliver payload at target site, have been studied as drug carrier. However, conventional liposomes have limitation for drug release at target site. Therefore, we developed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated ultrasound sensitive liposomes to increase drug release at target site and to enhance stability in blood stream. Control liposome was prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and then we assessed HA coating on the surface of control liposomes using calcium acetate, phosphoric acid, and 25% ammonium solution. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug. Size of HA coated liposomes was 120 nm and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was up to 95%. Size of HA coated liposomes are not changed in 30% serum solution, however, the control liposomes was 1.4 fold increased. After ultrasound triggered drug release from liposomes, intracellular efficiency of drug released from HA coated liposomes was 3 fold increased compared to control liposomes. In this study, we developed ultrasound sensitive liposomes to enhance drug release, which will be applied in controlled drug release at disease site.

망상이나 환각을 동반한 조증환자의 단기예후

하재창,박영남,김희철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.4

Hospital records of 101 DSM-III-R bipolar manic patients were reviewed retrospectively to study the short-term treatment outcome of manic patients with delusions or hallucinations. There were fifty eight(57.4%) manic patients with delusions or hallucinations and forty three(42.6%) manic patients without delusions and hallucinations. All patients underwent necessary treatments by their physicians. Manic symptoms, i.e., elated mood, irritable mood, verbal activity, and motor activity were rated on admission and weekly for four weeks after admission by a retrospective review of records. On admission, the total severity of manic symptoms, elated mood, and irritable mood were significantly greater in the manic patients with delusions or hallucinations than the manic patients without delusions and hallucinations. At one week after admission, all symptoms improved markedly, about 50% improvement over the severity at the time of admission, and there were no significant differences in severity of manic symptoms between two groups. Thereafter all symptoms improved rather slowly in both groups and there were no significant differences in severity of manic symptoms between two groups in subsequent 3 weeks. Average daily doses of antimanic medications administered were compared between two groups. Only during first week of hospitalization the manic patients with delucions or hallucinations received significantly higher daily doses(776.5 ±881.2mg chlorpromazine-equivalent doses) of antipsychotics than the manic patients without delusions and hallucinations(414.2 ±289.7mg chlorpromazine-equivalent doses). There were no significant differences in lithium and carbamazepine doses between two groups. These results suggest that the psychotic symptoms do not seem to affect aucte treatment outcome in mania, if treated appropriately.

複合非破壞試驗法을 利用한 現場콘크리트 强度推定에 關한 硏究

조철희,김하진,이승엽,김정섭 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This study is to improve the reliability of compressive strength estimation using combined non-destructive testing method in estimating the compressive strength of in-situ concrete after 730 days of age, measures the values of compressive strength and non-destructive test of in-situ concrete with the combined strength of 240kg/㎠, conducts the experiment for estimating the compressive strength, makes the estimation expression of the results through simple and duplicate regressive analysis and then the results of comparing and analyzing to existing expressions to secure the range of application of estimation expression and its reliability are as follows. It is found that the positive curing is very important in the early curing of the strength revelation in long-term age and especially in hydrate and it is considered that the formation and application of estimation expression of comprressive strength according to placement and curing method are needed to enhance the degree of strength estimation of in-situ concrete. After 365 days of age, the compressive strength of concrete tends to be decreased. While the single method has not a great change of non-destructive test value according to the change of concrete strength, the combined method shows a high reliability and then it is appropriate to use it for the exact strength estimation. Existing estimation expression used for estimating the compressive strength indicates a high estimation error in comparison with the expression suggested by this research in the difference of materials used, combined strength of concrete and the difference of placement and curing methods. Accordingly, it will be desirable to use an estimation expression suitable to the in-situ conditions for the exact strength estimation. The estimation expression of compressive strength using combined non-destructive test method of in-situ concrete on 730 days of age (2 years) suggested by this research is as follows. Air Curing fc' = 7.33R+219Vp-846 [R-sq(adj) = 0.839, N=81] Water Curing fc' = 12.6R+176Vp-805 [R-sq(adj) = 0.839, N=81]

망상이나 환각을 동반한 조증 환자

김희철,박영남,하재창 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.1

Hospital records of 101 DSM-III-R bipolar manic patients were reviewed retrospectively to study the clinical and demographic characteristics of manic patients with delusions or hallucinations. Fifty eight(57.4%) manic patients had delusions or hallucinations during index episode. There were more males in manic patients with delusions or hallucinations (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in marital status, education, age at first episode, age at index admission, duration of index admission, illness duration prior to index admission, precipitating factors prior to index episode, type of first episode, previous history of affective disorders, and family history of functional psychoses between two groups. Manic symptoms, i.e., elated mood, irritable mood, verbal activity, and motor activity, were rated on admission by retrospective chart review. The total severity of manic symptoms, elated mood, and irritable mood were significantly severe in manic patients with delusions or hallucinations(p<0.05. respectively). The GAF scores on admission were significantly lower in manic patients with delusions or hallucinations(p<0.00l). These results support the hypothesis that mania with psychotic features is not a distinct diagnostic entity, but rather a more severe form of mania.

疲勞荷重을 받는 鐵筋콘크리트 보의 炭素纖維시트 補强에 따른 構造特性에 관한 硏究

조철희,김하진,김광섭,김정섭 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This study is an experimental study of reinforced-concrete beam with carbon fiber sheet under fatigue load and aims at utilizing it as the basic material of strengthening design of reinforced-concrete structure under the fatigue load by examining the structural characteristics according to the fatigue load. Non-strengthening and strengthening, kind of strengthening materials(non-resin carbon fiber sheet, resin carbon fiber sheet) and the loading size (80%, 100%, 120% of static destruction load) in static and fatigue experiment are designed as the variables of experiment. The experimental results are as follows. 1. The strengthening test specimen shows the increase of yield strength of 208% in comparison with non-strengthening test specimen in the static experiment which is the standard of fatigue experiment. 2. The strengthening test specimen of non-resin CFS of K company and of resin CFS of M company indicate the increase of yield strength of 228% and 183% respectively in static experiment. 3. It is found that the strengthening test specimen in fatigue experiment has the increase of fatigue strength according to that of static yield strength. The strengthening test specimen with the loading of 120% of static load secures the fatigue yield strength of greater cycle than non-strengthening test specimen with 80% of static destruction load. Accordingly, it is judged that it is suitable to use CFS for the strengthening of reinforced-concrete due to the lack of fatigue load and structural yield strength. 4. It is shown that non-resin CFS strengthening test specimen of K company tested under the same condition secures the fatigue yield strength of greater cycle than resin CFS strengthening test specimen of M company. Initial deflection and elastic behavior have a similar form. Therefore it is thought that non-resin CFS produced at home is the strengthening material with the quality of international standard. 5. The test specimen reinforced with CFS has greater effects at static and fatigue yield strength, prevention of initial deflection and elastic deflection. So, it is considered that the reinforcement of CFS structure in actual structure may have the similar reinforcement effect to this experiment

산재보상을 신청한 뇌심혈관질환의 특성 분석

유재홍,하은희,김수근,김정연,김용규,이의철,이철호,손준석 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 이 연구는 뇌 · 심혈관 질환으로 업무상재해를 신청한 사례 중에서 승인된 사례와 불승인된 사례의 특성을 비교하여 뇌 · 심혈관 질환의 업무상 재해여부를 판단하는데 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 근로복지공단에 업무상 재해로 요양이 신청되어 승인여부가 결정된 뇌 · 심혈관 질환자 12,309명을 대상으로 하였다. 승인여부와 관련된 특성을 확인하기 위해 연도별, 업종별, 규모별, 직업별, 성별, 연령별, 질환별, 생존유무별 그리고 기존질환 유무에 대하여 카이제곱 검정과 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과: 다변량 로지스틱 분석에서 뇌 · 심혈관 질환의 불승인에 대한 승인의 비차비는 광업을 기준으로 하였을 때에 전기가스 상수도업이 4.18(95% CI=1.43~12.17), 건설업이 2.39 (95% CI=1.22~4.69), 제조업이 2.10 (95% CI=1.08~4.07)이었고, 장치기계조작원 및 조립원에 비하여 서비스 근로자 및 상점과 시장 판매근로자 군이 1.90(95% CI=1.47~2.47), 전문가 군이 1.83(95% CI=1.50~2.23), 기술공 및 준전문가 군이 1.63(95% CI=1.35~1.97), 입법 공무원과 고위 임직원 및 관리자 군이 1.62(95% CI=1.24~2.12)이었고, 여성이 남성에 비하여 1.31(95% CI=1.13~1.53), 심장질환에 비하여 뇌혈관질환이 2.75(95% CI=2.42~3.13), 사망한 경우가 생존한 경우에 비하여 6.01(95% CI=4.89~7.38)이었다. 결론: 우리나라에서 뇌심혈관질환으로 업무상 재해를 신청하는 건수는 증가하고 있고 승인율은 비교적 높았으며 승인에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 업종, 규모, 직종, 성, 연령, 질환, 생존유무 등이 확인되었다. 특히 업종과 직종에 따라서 승인율의 차이가 큰 것이 어떠한 요인의 영향 때문인지에 대한 검토가 필요하고, 특히 뇌실질내 출혈의 경우에 다른 질환에 비하여 승인율이 매우 높았던 것은 업무수행성에 대한 인정기준의 잘못된 적용의 결과 이므로 시정이 필요하겠다. Objectives: This study was performed to provide fundamental data to judge whether or not cerebro and cardiovascular diseases are work-related, by comparing the characteristics between approved and non-approved cases among the worker's compensation claims. Methods: We collected 12,309 cerebro and cardiovascular disease claims based on the worker's compensation records of the Labor Welfare Corporation from 2000 to 2004. The approved and non-approved cases were analyzed according to factors such as the calendar year, industry, company size, occupation, gender, age group, classification of cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, fatality and underlying diseases. We used x²-test and multivariate logistic regression for the analysis. Results: According to multivariate logistic regression, electricity gas and water supply (OR=4.18, 95% CI=1.43~12.17), construction (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.22~4.69) and manufacturing (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.08~4.07) industries had a higher approval rate than mining and quarrying industries. Service workers and sales & marketing department workers (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.47~2.47), professionals (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.50~2.23), technicians and associate professionals (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.35~1.97) and legislators and senior officials and managers (OR=l.62, 95% CI=1.24~2.12) had a higher approval rate than plant and machine operators and assemblers. Female workers had a higher approval rate (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.13~1.53) than male workers. Cerebrovascular diseases had a higher approval rate (OR=2.75, 95% CI=2.42~3.13) than cardiovascular diseases. Fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=6.01, 95% CI=4.89~7.38) than surviving cases. Conclusion: For cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, workers' compensation claims are increasing, approval rates are relatively high and factors such as industry, company size, occupation, gender and fatality are related. A remarkable difference in the approval rate was found according to industry and occupation, suggesting the need for further study to identify which factors influence the approval rate. The approval rate for intracerebral hemorrhage arising in the course of employment (COE) was significantly higher than that arising out of employment (AOE), suggesting the need to correct the approval criteria.

피질이형성증과 동반된 난치성 간질의 외과적 치료

김형일,김연희,이민철,정애자,권지현,최하영,Andre Palmini 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1995 계명의대학술지 Vol.14 No.2

The advent of neuroimaging technique has enabled the accurate diagnosis of structural abnormalities associated with intractable epilepsy. Among these, neuronal migration disorders(NMDs) or cortical dysplasias(CDs) involving cerebral cortex are increasingly recognized as a major cause of intractable epilepsy. CDs are expressed as variety of forms depending upon the time of injury to the developing nervous system. CDs are highly and intrinsically epileptogenic. It is crucial to completely resect the epileptogenic zone in focal CDs for better seizure outcome. Hemispherectomy or multilobar resection is preferred for hemimegalencephaly. Callosotomy can be chosen in the diffuse CDs who have intractable drop attacks. However, resective surgery can benefit the selected patients with diffuse CDs if localizing information persists.

하대정맥 폐쇄증 1예

임채준,강영희,정정명,최하진,배철 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.1

좌우측 측복벽과 배부에 부측순환이 현저하게 발달한 하대정맥 폐쇄증 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. A case of inferior vena cava obstruction with the markedly developed collateral circulations on the both lateral sided of the abdomen and back in a 34 yrs old female is reported. The patient had a history of ingestion of herb medicine and oral contracptive pills intermittently for irregular mensturation and abdominal discomfort on the left lower quadrant for 12 yrs. The angiography revealed complete obstruction of inferior vents cava just below the diaphragm. Through the well developed collateral circulations, no specific treatment wart tried.

호밀 (Secale cereale L.)유식물의 질산환원효소의 활량과 단백질함량에 관한 Cycloheximide의 영향

권오용,이영하,오희목,박흥순,이진철 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1988 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.2

This work was accomplished with 6 day-old rye (Secale cereale L.) seedlings to determine the effect of the antibiotics by cycloheximide on in vivo nitrate reductase activity, protein and RNA content. The nitrate reductase activity by treating 0.1μM and 0.1 mM cycloheximide was lower than that of the control group. The optimum pH for the nitrate reductase of the control group was 7.6 in the range of pH 5.6-8.0, but, in the case of 0.1mM cycloheximide treatment group, the optimum pH was decreased to 6.8 within the weak the acid region. The protein content of shoot and root in the 0.1μM and 0.1 mM cycloheximide treatment groups were respectively found at the 96%, 82% level of that in the control group. In the higher cycloheximide treatment (0.1 mM CH), not only nitrate reductase activity and protein content but also RNA content was greatly decreased. In this fact, it was suggested that the 0.1 mM cycloheximide had affected on the RNA polymerase. On the basis of there results, it was concluded that the decreased nitrate reductase activity by treating cycloheximide occurred primarily according to the decreased nitrate uptake, and the decreased protein and RNA content depended upon the results of the direct and indirect effect of cycloheximide on the protein synthesis.

Evaluation of Agronomic Stability of North Korean Rice Varieties using Statistical Models

Jeong, O-Young,Lee, Jeom-Ho,Hong, Ha-Cheol,Jeong, Eung-Gi,Paek, Jin-Soo,Yang, Chang-Ihn,Jeon, Yong-Hee,Kim, Myeong-Ki,Lee, Kyu-Seong,Yang, Sae-Jun,Lee, Young-Tae The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 한국작물학회지 Vol.53 No.1

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic stability of North Korean rice varieties using the statistical model developed by Grafius, Finlay, and Ever hart. The lowest yearly variation based on coefficients of variation was found in Hannam 29 for number of panicles per hill, in Sijoong 9 for number of grains per panicle, in Pyeongyang 3 for ripened grain ratio, in Sijoong 16 for 1,000 grain weight, and in Yeomju 1 for grain yield. By Grafius's model, Pyeongbook 3, Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups show stable for 3 years. Weonsan 66 in early maturing groups and Seohaechalbyeo in medium maturing groups were found to be highly stable as analyzed by both Finlay and Wilkinson's model and Everhart & Russell's model. With reference to three models, Weonsan 66 was highly stable for 3 years with showing more yield than Odaebyeo in early maturing groups while Seohaechalbyeo was highly stable for 3 years with showing high yield than Hwaseongbyeo in medium maturing groups above $5\;t\;ha^{-1}$ of milled rice respectively.