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A Review on Degradation of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Hasnain Yousuf,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Muhammad Aleem Zahid,Jaeun Kim,Youngkuk Kim,Sung Bae Cho,Young Hyun Cho,Eun-Chel Cho,Junsin Yi 한국신재생에너지학회 2021 신재생에너지 Vol.17 No.1
Photovoltaic (PV) panels are generally treated as the most dependable components of PV systems; therefore, investigations are necessary to understand and emphasize the degradation of PV cells. In almost all specific deprivation models, humidity and temperature are the two major factors that are responsible for PV module degradation. However, even if the degradation mode of a PV module is determined, it is challenging to research them in practice. Long-term response experiments should thus be conducted to investigate the influences of the incidence, rates of change, and different degradation methods of PV modules on energy production; such models can help avoid lengthy experiments to investigate the degradation of PV panels under actual working conditions. From the review, it was found that the degradation rate of PV modules in climates where the annual average ambient temperature remained low was -1.05% to -1.16% per year, and the degree of deterioration of PV modules in climates with high average annual ambient temperatures was -1.35% to -1.46% per year; however, PV manufacturers currently claim degradation rates of up to -0.5% per year.
Some Additive Maps on Sigma Prime Rings
Hasnain, Mohammad Mueenul,Khan, Mohd Rais Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to prove some results which are of independent interest and related to additive maps on ${\sigma}$-prime rings. Further, examples are given to demonstrate that the restrictions imposed on the hypotheses of these results are not superfluous.
A Review on Floating Photovoltaic Technology (FPVT)
Hasnain Yousuf,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Muhammad Aleem Zahid,Jaeun Kim,김영국,조은철,조용현,이준신 한국태양광발전학회 2020 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.8 No.3
A novel energy production system which has fascinated a wide consideration because of its several benefits that are called floating photovoltaic technology (FPVT). The FPVT system that helps to minimize the evaporation of water as well as an increase in energy production. For the research purposes, both electrical and mechanical structure requires studying of these systems for the development of FPVT power plants. From different points of views, numerous researches have been directed on FPVT systems that have evaluated these systems. The present research article give a logical investigation and up to date review that shows the different features and components of FPVT systems as an energy production system is offered. This articles reviewing the FPVT that gets the attention of the scientists who have the investigational stage and involuntary inspection of FPVT systems in addition to influence of implementing these systems on the water surface. Also, a comprehensive comparison has been constructed that shows the cons and pros of various types of solar systems that could be installed in various locations. In this review, it has been found that solar energy on the roof of a dwelling house generally has a power of 5 to 20 kW, while the inhabitants of commercial buildings generally have a power of 100 kW or more. The average power capacity of a floating solar panel is 11% more of the average capacity of a solar panel installed on the ground. Studies show that 40% of the water in open reservoirs is lost through evaporation. By covering only 30% of the water surface, evaporation can be reduced by 49%. The global solar panel market exceeds 100 GW and the capacity of 104 GW will bring the annual growth rate to 6%. In 2018, the world's total photovoltaic capacity reached 512 GW, an increase of 27% compared to the total capacity and about 55% of the renewable resources newly created that come from photovoltaic systems. It has been also predicted by this review that in 2025 the Solar technology including the FPVT system will increase by 7.38% that is 485.4 GW more of today installed power worldwide.
A Review on TOPCon Solar Cell Technology
Hasnain Yousuf,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Sanchari Chowdhury,Duy Phong Pham,Youngkuk Kim,Minkyu Ju,Younghyun Cho,Eun-Chel Cho,Junsin Yi 한국태양광발전학회 2021 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.9 No.3
The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structure got more consideration for development of high performance solar cells by the introduction of a tunnel oxide layer between the substrate and poly-Si is best for attaining interface passivation. The quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer clearly depends on the bond of SiO in the tunnel oxide layer, which is affected by the subsequent annealing and the tunnel oxide layer was formed in the suboxide region (SiO, Si₂O, Si₂O₃) at the interface with the substrate. In the suboxide region, an oxygen-rich bond is formed as a result of subsequent annealing that also improves the quality of passivation. To control the surface morphology, annealing profile, and acceleration rate, an oxide tunnel junction structure with a passivation characteristic of 700 mV or more (Voc) on a p-type wafer could achieved. The quality of passivation of samples subjected to RTP annealing at temperatures above 900°C declined rapidly. To improve the quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer, the physical properties and thermal stability of the thin layer must be considered. TOPCon silicon solar cell has a boron diffused front emitter, a tunnel-SiOx/n<SUP>+</SUP>-poly-Si/ SiNx:H structure at the rear side, and screen-printed electrodes on both sides. The saturation currents Jo of this structure on polished surface is 1.3 fA/㎠ and for textured silicon surfaces is 3.7 fA/㎠ before printing the silver contacts. After printing the Ag contacts, the Jo of this structure increases to 50.7 fA/㎠ on textured silicon surfaces, which is still manageably less for metal contacts. This structure was applied to TOPCon solar cells, resulting in a median efficiency of 23.91%, and a highest efficiency of 24.58%, independently. The conversion efficiency of interdigitated back-contact solar cells has reached up to 26% by enhancing the optoelectrical properties for both-sides-contacted of the cells.
A Review on the Agri-voltaic and Fence PV System
Hasnain Yousuf,이구,조영현 한국태양광발전학회 2022 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.10 No.4
Solar energy is rapidly being utilized to generate power in Europe and other countries, but the environmental effect of building and operating solar farms is not fully understood. The building of a solar park demands the removal of certain vegetation and the leveling of the land. Solar energy infrastructure may involve considerable landscape change, altering soil biological processes and influencing hydrologic, carbon and vegetative dynamics. To rebuild the solar PV facilities soils, inherent plant fields might require to be re-established. Within the scope of this research, we presented an analysis of the effects that were caused by the solar farm.
HASNAIN A. ALMASHHADANI,XIAOHENG DENG,OSAMAH R. AL-HWAIDI,SARMAD T. ABDUL-SAMAD,MOHAMMED M. IBRAHM,SUHAIB N. ABDUL LATIF 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.4
The Internet of Things (IoT) requires a new processing model that will allow scalability in cloud computing while reducing time delay caused by data transmission within a network. Such a model can be achieved by using resources that are closer to the user, i.e., by relying on edge computing (EC). The amount of IoT data also grows with an increase in the number of IoT devices. However, building such a flexible model within a heterogeneous environment is difficult in terms of resources. Moreover, the increasing demand for IoT services necessitates shortening time delay and response time by achieving effective load balancing. IoT devices are expected to generate huge amounts of data within a short amount of time. They will be dynamically deployed, and IoT services will be provided to EC devices or cloud servers to minimize resource costs while meeting the latency and quality of service (QoS) constraints of IoT applications when IoT devices are at the endpoint. EC is an emerging solution to the data processing problem in IoT. In this study, we improve the load balancing process and distribute resources fairly to tasks, which, in turn, will improve QoS in cloud and reduce processing time, and consequently, response time.