Sleep Duration and Cancer Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Zhao, Hao,Yin, Jie-Yun,Yang, Wan-Shui,Qin, Qin,Li, Ting-Ting,Shi, Yun,Deng, Qin,Wei, Sheng,Liu, Li,Wang, Xin,Nie, Shao-Fa Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

To assess the risk of cancers associated with sleep duration using meta-analysis of published cohort studies, we performed a comprehensive search using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science through October 2013. We combined hazard ratios (HRs) from individual studies using meta-analysis approaches. A random effect dose-response analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and cancer risk. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plots and Begg's test. A total of 13 cohorts from 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which included 723, 337 participants with 15, 156 reported cancer outcomes during a follow-up period ranging from 7.5 to 22 years. The pooled adjusted HRs were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.23; P for heterogeneity =0.003) for short sleep duration, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.07; P for heterogeneity <0.0001) for long sleep duration. In subgroup analyses stratified by cancer type, long duration of sleep showed an inverse relation with hormone-related cancer (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97; P for heterogeneity =0.009) and a greater risk of colorectal cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.52; P for heterogeneity =0.346). Further meta-analysis on dose-response relationships showed that the relative risks of cancer were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.9151) for one hour of sleep increment per day, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.01; P for linear trend=0.7749) for one hour of sleep increment per night. No significant dose-response relationship between sleep duration and cancer was found on non-linearity testing (P=0.5053). Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between long sleep duration and colorectal cancer, and an inverse association with incidence of hormone related cancers like those in the breast. Studies with larger sample size, longer follow-up times, more cancer types and detailed measure of sleep duration are warranted to confirm these results.

Influence of errors and floating on static load-sharing characteristics of twin rotors concentric face-gear power-split transmission system

Hao Dong,Hao-Qin Zhang,Gang Liang,Bing-Xing Ren,Xiao-Long Zhao 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.4

Twin rotors concentric face-gear power-split transmission system (TRCFGPSTS) is a new and more advanced main reducer configuration of the high-speed helicopter. Its loadsharing performance between different branches has a great impact on the service life performance. Its load distribution is complex, and the research on the influence law of error on loadsharing performance is not clear. Therefore, to study the influence of system error and pinions floating on the mechanical properties of the system, the static load-sharing mathematical model of the system was established. The load-sharing model comprehensively considers the factors of manufacturing error (ME) and installation error (IE), meshing stiffness, torsional stiffness, support stiffness and member floating. The coordination conditions of torsional angle elastic deformation of the system with central displacement offset and the mechanical balance conditions under the action of elastic support and floating support are derived, which reflects the change law of load distribution from the perspective of the system as a whole. The load-sharing model is solved by the least square method. The load-sharing coefficient (LSC) of the system is obtained. The influence of ME, IE and floating pinions on load-sharing performance is analyzed. The results show that the LSC shows irregular periodic fluctuation under the combined action of error, and the LSC is 1.212. Under the single influence of ME, the LSC also shows irregular periodic fluctuation, and the LSC is 1.610. Under the single influence of IE, the LSC presents a constant influence law, and the LSC is 1.326. The error of each gear in the III-stage has the most obvious influence on the load-sharing characteristics. The LSC of I-stage and II-stage floating pinion under the single influence are 1.113 and 1.120, respectively. The floating gear can significantly improve the load-sharing performance, and meet the load-sharing at the ±5 % service requirement.

Kinetic Model for the Phase Transformation of High‑Strength Steel Under Arbitrary Cooling Conditions

Hao Zhao,Xiuli Hu,Junjia Cui,Zhongwen Xing 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.2

To meet the demands of energy conservation and security improvement, high-strength steel (HSS) is widely used to producesafety-related automotive components. In addition to fully high-strength parts, HSS is also used to manufacture componentswith tailored properties. In this work, a computational model is presented to predict the austenite decomposition into ferrite,pearlite, bainite and martensite during arbitrary cooling paths in HSS. First, a kinetic model for both diffusional and martensitetransformations under isothermal or non-isothermal with constant cooling rate cooling conditions is proposed basedon the well-known Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov and Kamamoto models. The model is then modified for arbitrarycooling conditions through the introduction of the effects of the cooling rate, and the influence of diffusional transformationson martensite transformation is considered. Next, the detailed kinetics parameters are identified by fitting experimental datafrom BR1500HS steel. The model is further verified by several experiments conducted outside of the fit domain. The resultsobtained by calculation are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data, including the transformationhistories, volume fraction microconstituents and Vickers hardness. Additionally, the model is also implementedas a subroutine in ABAQUS to simulate a tailored-strength hot stamping process of HSS, and the results are consistent withthe test data. Thus, this computational model can be used as a guideline to design manufacturing processes that achieve thedesired microstructure and material properties.

Comparative Study of DC Breakdown and Space Charge Characteristics of Insulation Paper Impregnated with Natural Ester and Mineral Oil

Hao, Jian,Zou, Run-Hao,Liao, Rui-Jin,Yang, Li-Jun,Liao, Qiang,Zhu, Meng-Zhao The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.4

Natural ester is a suitable substitute for mineral oil and has been widely used in AC transformer in many countries. In order to further application of natural ester in direct current (DC) equipment, it is needed to investigate its long term insulation property under DC condition. In this paper, a thermal ageing experiment was conducted for both mineral oil-paper and natural ester-paper insulation. The DC breakdown and space charge characteristics of insulation paper impregnated with natural ester and mineral oil was compared. Results show that the resistivity of the paper immersed in natural ester and mineral oil both increase as the ageing goes on. While insulation paper impregnated with natural ester has higher resistivity and DC breakdown voltage than the paper impregnated with mineral oil. The DC breakdown voltage for the oil impregnated insulation paper being DC pre-stressing is higher than that without pre-stressing. The average DC breakdown field strength difference between the test with pre-stressing and without pre-stressing clearly shows that there is an apparent enhancement effect for the homo-charge injection on the DC breakdown.

Establishment of a novel myocarditis mouse model based on cyclosporine A

Zhao Tian Hao,Jiang Yi Xuan,Chen Kai Qin,Qiu Dan,Xu Yan Zhe,Ye Chun,Ren Ting,Zhang Bo,Dai Bin,Hu Jue,Lu Jun,Zhou Fang Liang,Xiao Rong,Lu Fang Guo,Wei Ke 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.12

Background: Myocarditis is a myocardial injury that can easily cause adolescent death. Traditional research models of animal invasion with viral components, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or porcine myocardial myosin, among others, have the shortcomings of potential biological safety hazards and high animal mortality. Objective: To explore the construction of a novel myocarditis model with cyclosporine A and the potential genes and pathways associated with it. Methods: BALB/c mice were used in this study, and cyclosporin A and LPS were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. The successful establishment of the model was assessed by detecting serum myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors levels, HE, IHC staining, and RT-qPCR methods. Key genes were obtained using the GSE35182 dataset from the GEO database and validated with the RT-qPCR method. Results: We found that a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the myocardium of mice in each group of Cyclosporin A constructed model, while the expression of inflammatory factor indicators was increased, and this model has the characteristics of high degree of local inflammation in myocardial tissue, low mortality, and safe and non-toxic treatment. Using GSE35182 data, we selected 18 Hub genes and validated Hub genes in myocardial tissue with RT-qPCR and found that multiple signaling pathways such as Toll-likereceptor signaling pathway(TLRs), Rap1 signal pathway(Rap1), and Chemokine signaling pathway may be involved in the development of myocarditis. Conclusion: Cyclosporin A can construct a new myocarditis model, and TLRs, Chemokines and Rap1 signaling pathways may be the core pathways of myocarditis.

Electronic effects on protective mechanism of electropolymerized coatings based on N-substituted aniline derivatives for mild steel in saline solution

Hao Liu,Baomin Fan,Zining Liu,Xiaoqi Zhao,Biao Yang,Xingwen Zheng,Hua Hao 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.106 No.-

Polyaniline (PANI), poly(N-methylaniline) (PNMA) and poly(N-formylanilide) (PNFA) coatings were fabricatedover mild steel via chronoamperometric strategy in oxalate electrolyte. Scanning electron microscope(SEM), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) evidenced the polymerization of monomers. Anticorrosive effects of PANI, PNMAand PNFA coatings for steel substrate were evaluated during long-term immersion in 3.5% NaCl solutionby potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and frequency modulation(EFM). Morphological variation for coated specimens before and after immersion in NaCl solutionwas also monitored by SEM and atomic force microscope (AFM). Differentiated protection capability wereobserved for three coatings following the sequence of PNFA > PNMA > PANI. Through electrochemical andinterfacial analyses, electroactivity and physical barrier were ascertained as the critical factors, especiallythe former one, in the long-term protection capacity. Electroactivity was distinguished by the elevatedapparent current density from non-destructive EFM measurements. Furthermore, electron-donationand -withdrawal effects of N-substituents played an essential role in coating electroactivity. In detail,N-substituents improved the anodic protection and physical barrier of PNMA and PNFA coatings. Particularly, formyl with electron-withdrawal effect reinforced the anodic protection and thus the superiorthe anticorrosion efficiency of PNFA for underlying steel.

Biotechnological Advances and Trends in Engineering Trichoderma reesei towards Cellulase Hyperproducer

Hao Fang,Chaofeng Li,Jiajia Zhao,Chen Zhao 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.4

Cellulase has the biggest contribution to the high production costs of lignocellulose bioconversion and the substantial decrease of its production cost is the key to the commercialization of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Trichoderma reesei has the most robust cellulase among the candidates, which therefore is widely used for cellulase production in industry. This is not because of the size of its cellulase gene pool but its prodigious cargo of cellulase productivity. Still, T. reesei cellulase falls far short of perfection in real-world applications, especially for the composition. This review summarized the biotechnological advances in engineering T. reesei for enhanced cellulase production. Meanwhile, we proposed innovative ideas of systematically optimizing cellulase composition at the transcriptional level and improving cellulase production at the regulation level. Efficient genome editing is essential to achieving that target. Thus, the developments of the tools of multiple gene manipulations were discussed in detail here. This review provides ideas and/or inspirations to the future researches on T. reesei cellulase.

Distributed Fusion Filter for Multi-rate Sampling Stochastic Singular Systems with Multiplicative Noises

Hao Jin,Jing Ma,Yun Li,Ming Zhao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.2

The distributed fusion filtering problem is studied for multi-rate sampling stochastic singular linear systems with multiple sensors and stochastic multiplicative noises. The system is described at the highest sampling rate and different sensors may have different lower sampling rates. The white noise in measurement matrix is introduced to describe the stochastic disturbance. Firstly, based on decomposition in canonical form, the original singular system is transformed into fast and slow two subsystems. For the two reduced-order subsystems, the local filters (LFs) are given based on the “dummy” random variables. The cross-covariance matrices between any two local filtering errors are derived. Further, the distributed fusion filter weighted by matrices (FFWM) is obtained for the original singular system based on the well-known fusion algorithm in the linear minimum variance sense. Simulation example verifies the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Microscopic Study on the Mechanism of Tool Bond Wear in Cutting Ni–Fe-Cr-Co–Cu Series Nickel-Base Superalloy

Zhao Peng Hao,Xue Han,Yi Hang Fan,Zai Zhen Lou 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.4

In the process of nickel-based alloy machining, chips are easy to bond on the tool surface, which weaken the tool performance and make the tool wear. Therefore, it is very important to study the mechanism of tool bond wear in the process of nickel-based superalloy machining. In order to reflect the wear process of the tool from the perspective of micro cutting, the molecular dynamics simulation model for cutting Ni–Fe-Cr-Co–Cu nickel-based alloy with SiC tool was established. The Morse potential functions between the tool and workpiece are calculated, and the simulation results are analyzed visually. It is found that the bond wear is the main wear form of tool in the process of cutting nickel-based alloy, and the wear processes are divided into three stages: contact, adhesion and shedding. The stress and strain in the cutting area are calculated and it is found that the bond occurs when the tool-workpiece extrusion is strong. Through the calculation of radial distribution function and formation energy, it is found that Ni-Si compound is formed on the tool surface, and the newly generated Ni-Si compound reduces the tool performance compared with the silicon carbide structure. This study provides a more complete microscopic explanation of the tool wear mechanism, which is helpful to find a method to prolong tool life.

Cardiac inotropy, lusitropy, and Ca ²⁺ handling with major metabolic substrates in rat heart

Zhao, Zai Hao,Youm, Jae Boum,Wang, Yue,Lee, Jeong Hoon,Sung, Jae Hwi,Kim, Joon-Chul,Woo, Sun Hee,Leem, Chae Hun,Kim, Sung Joon,Cui, Lan,Zhang, Yin Hua Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.468 No.11

<P>Fatty acid (FA)-dependent oxidation is the predominant process for energy supply in normal heart. Impaired FA metabolism and metabolic insufficiency underlie the failing of the myocardium. So far, FA metabolism in normal cardiac physiology and heart failure remains undetermined. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms of FA and major metabolic substrates (termed NF) on the contraction, relaxation, and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> handling in rat left ventricular (LV) myocytes. Our results showed that NF significantly increased myocyte contraction and facilitated relaxation. Moreover, NF increased the amplitudes of diastolic and systolic Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> transients ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>), abbreviated time constant of [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> decay (tau), and prolonged the peak duration of [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments revealed that NF increased Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> influx via L-type Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> channels (LTCC, I<SUB>Ca-integral</SUB>) and prolonged the action potential duration (APD). Further analysis revealed that NF shifted the relaxation phase of sarcomere lengthening vs. [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> trajectory to the right and increased [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> for 50 % of sarcomere relengthening (EC<SUB>50</SUB>), suggesting myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> desensitization. Butanedione monoxime (BDM), a myosin ATPase inhibitor that reduces myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensitivity, abolished the NF-induced enhancement of [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> amplitude and the tau of [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> decay, indicating the association of myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> desensitization with the changes in [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> profile in NF. NF reduced intracellular pH ([pH<SUB>i</SUB>]). Increasing [pH]<SUB>i</SUB> buffer capacity with HCO<SUB>3</SUB>/CO<SUB>2</SUB> attenuated Δ [pH]<SUB>i</SUB> and reversed myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> desensitization and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> handling in NF. Collectively, greater Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> influx through LTCCs and myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> desensitization, via reducing [pH]<SUB>i</SUB>, are likely responsible for the positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of NF. Computer simulation recapitulated the effects of NF.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00424-016-1892-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>