Optimal Strategies for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Multiple Cross-over Cognitive Radio Networks

( Hang Hu ),( Youyun Xu ),( Zhiwen Liu ),( Ning Li ),( Hang Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.12

To improve the sensing performance, cooperation among secondary users can be utilized to collect space diversity. In this paper, we focus on the optimization of cooperative spectrum sensing in which multiple cognitive users efficiently cooperate to achieve superior detection accuracy with minimum sensing error probability in multiple cross-over cognitive radio networks. The analysis focuses on two fusion strategies: soft information fusion and hard information fusion. Under soft information fusion, the optimal threshold of the energy detector is derived in both noncooperative single-user and cooperative multiuser sensing scenarios. Under hard information fusion, the optimal randomized rule and the optimal decision threshold are derived according to the rule of minimum sensing error (MSE). MSE rule shows better performance on improving the final false alarm and detection probability simultaneously. By simulations, our proposed strategy optimizes the sensing performance for each cognitive user which is randomly distributed in the multiple cross-over cognitive radio networks.

남성 화장품 용기 디자인에 대한 선호도 복합 연구 -한국 남성 화장품 브랜드를 중심으로-

서명항(Xu, Ming Hang),이혜원(Lee, Hye Won) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2020 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구는 국내 남성 화장품 업계의 지속적인 성장과 시장의 확대를 위해 한국 남성 소비자의 화장품 구매율을 높이는 목표에서 시작되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 디자인적 측면에서 남성 화장품의 용기 디자인에 주목하였다. 현재 한국 남성 화장품 시장의 외형은 커지고 있는 반면 다수의 화장품 브랜드들이 제품과 용기 디자인에서 차별성을 보이지 않고 성장의 한계를 드러내고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구의 목적은 남성 화장품 용기 디자인의 차별성을 강화하고 소비자 만족도를 향상시켜 남성 화장품 디자인 발전에 기여하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 2018-2019년 한국 남성 화장품 소비자 지수 상위 5개 브랜드의 스킨(토너)과 로션의 용기 디자인에 대한 분석을 진행하였으며 서울에 거주 중인 20~40대 남성 330명을 대상으로 화장품 용기 디자인 선호도 설문조사를 이행하였다. 연구 결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남성 화장품 용기 디자인의 형태에 있어서, 스킨(토너) 용기 디자인은 납작한 원통형 세구병(细口瓶)을 선호하고 로션 용기 디자인의 형태는 납작한 원통형 펌프 용기를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 색상의 선호도는 검은색, 한색으로 나타났다. 셋째, 용기 디자인의 재질은 유리 재질을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 스킨(토너)과 로션의 용기 디자인은 통일성을 유지할 필요가 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 남성소비자의 선호도가 반영된 다양한 용기 디자인이 시도되어 보다 개선된 남성 화장품 용기 디자인의 방향이 제시되기를 기대한다. This study began with the purpose to increase the purchase rate of cosmetics by Korean male consumers in order to promote the continuous growth and market expansion of Korean male cosmetics industry. For this reason, in this paper, this paper focus on the design of male cosmetic containers. Korean man"s cosmetics market is maturing, and most cosmetics brands are not very different in product and container design, cosmetics container design can not only reflect product features and concepts well, but also stimulate consumers" purchase desire, so attention should be paid to observation. This research analyzed the container design of Korean men"s cosmetics through the case study of cosmetics container design. The container design of toner and emulsion of the top 5 brands of male cosmetics consumer index in South Korea from 2018 to 2019 is analyzed in detail, and the current status of container design of cosmetics is understood. 330 men aged between 20 and 40 living in Seoul were selected to conduct an online questionnaire survey on the preference of cosmetic container design. Based on the survey results, age analysis was conducted. The conclusion are as follow. First, the design of male cosmetics the container can be divided into the shape, color and material of the containers. The design of toner containers prefers the flat barrel type of mouth washing bottle, while the design of emulsion containers is on the high side. Second, man’s color preferences are black and cool colour. Third, men’s preference for container design materials is glass. Fourth, The container design of toner and emulsion needs to maintain unity. Based on these findings, this study hopes that there will be an varied and improved vision for the male cosmetics container designs.

Novel Structural Composite Yarns Spun with Harmonic Migrations of Filaments

Duo Xu,Hang Fan,Wangwang Yang,Keshuai Liu,Weilin Xu 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.6

A novel structural composite yarn was fabricated by periodically forcing filaments with harmonic migrations toenhance the cooperativity between filaments and staple fibers. The geometrical principle of yarn structure variations causedby harmonic migrations of filaments was theoretically analyzed, then demonstrated the influences of filament’s positions ondifferent shapes of the composite spinning-triangle zone. Further, the novel structural composite yarn structure was comparedto the seven models of composite yarns which were established with different filament’s positions, showing a varied filamenthelical structure to capture and then lock internal and external staple fibers, distinguishing that other composite yarns inliterature. Then, a synergetic eccentric device was employed to oscillate two filaments to conduct confirmatory tests. Theonline observations of the dynamic spinning-triangle zone were technically applied to evaluate the filaments’ harmonicmigrations. Furthermore, the yarn structural variations were caused by various geometrical configurations. Experimentalresults exhibited that the novel structural composite yarn had relatively fewer hairiness, medium irregularity, and strengthafter comparisons with other composite yarns. Altogether, the cyclically harmonic migrations of filaments were promising asan efficient and novel method for control the configurations between filaments and staple fibers.

SUPPRESSED PROMPT ATOMIZATION OF FLASHBOILING SPRAY BY ELEVATING INJECTION PRESSURE

( Qinglin Xu ),( Min Xu ),( David L. S. Hung ),( Tianyun Li ),( Xue Dong ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

In a direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine, the mixing time of the fuel with intake air in the cylinder is limited, thus quicker atomization and evaporation are desired. In general, there are two viable ways to promote these processes. One of them is by increasing the injection pressure, which has always been the key technology adopted by automobile manufacturers to improve the engine performance and meet the emission regulations. While high-pressure injection is already applied in most of the DISI engines, it has been reported that further increase of injection pressure is still beneficial on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. In addition to this, flash-boiling is also regarded as an effective way to improve fuel atomization and evaporation with the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Existing research on flash-boiling spray mainly focuses on the multi-hole injector. Its plume-to-plume interaction phenomenon, as called “collapse”, has been thoroughly studied. Its benefits on atomization and evaporation have been proved. However, limited work has been done on the flash-boiling spray of a single-hole injector. Its breakup mechanism and movement behavior need to be further studied. Moreover, the study of high pressure gasoline spray beyond 35 MPa is also limited, especially at flash-boiling conditions. The effects of injection pressure on flash-boiling spray is still unrevealed. Therefore, the objective of this work is to study the influence of the superheat degree and injection pressure on the spray penetration and dispersion of a single-hole injector. Results show that in promoting dispersion and reducing penetration of the fuel, the effect of superheat degree was better than that of high injection pressure. In addition, increasing injection pressure of superheated fuel led to the increase in the tip penetration and decrease in the spray width while the injection pressure had opposite effects on subcooled fuel spray.

Prognostic Role of Hepatoma-derived Growth Factor in Solid Tumors of Eastern Asia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bao, Ci-Hang,Liu, Kun,Wang, Xin-Tong,Ma, Wei,Wang, Jian-Bo,Wang, Cong,Jia, Yi-Bin,Wang, Na-Na,Tan, Bing-Xu,Song, Qing-Xu,Cheng, Yu-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) ($HR_{OS}=2.35$, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) ($HR_{DFS}=2.25$, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis ($HR_{OS}=2.41$, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; $HR_{DFS}=2.39$, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.

Proteomic analysis of amino acid metabolism differences between wild and cultivated Panax ginseng

Hang Sun,Fangbing Liu,Liwei Sun,Jianzeng Liu,Manying Wang,Xuenan Chen,Xiaohao Xu,Rui Ma,Kai Feng,Rui Jiang 고려인삼학회 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: The present study aimed to compare the relative abundance of proteins and amino acid metabolites to explore the mechanisms underlying the difference between wild and cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) at the amino acid level. Methods: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to identify the differential abundance of proteins between wild and cultivated ginseng. Total amino acids in wild and cultivated ginseng were compared using an automated amino acid analyzer. The activities of amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and the contents of intermediate metabolites between wild and cultivated ginseng were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Our results showed that the contents of 14 types of amino acids were higher in wild ginseng compared with cultivated ginseng. The amino acid metabolism-related enzymes and their derivatives, such as glutamate decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine, all had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. The accumulation of sulfur amino acid synthesis-related proteins, such as methionine synthase, was also higher in wild ginseng. In addition, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related enzymes as well as their intermediates had high levels of accumulation in wild ginseng. Conclusion: This study elucidates the differences in amino acids between wild and cultivated ginseng. These results will provide a reference for further studies on the medicinal functions of wild ginseng.

The effects of aging for improving wastewater sludge electro-dewatering performances

Hang Lv,Daoguang Liu,Siqi Xing,Dandan Wu,Fang Wang,Jiakuan Yang,Xu Wu,Wenbiao Zhang,Xiaohu Da 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-

The effects of sludge aging on improving sludge electro-dewatering (SED) performance were studied,with the sludge properties variation during aging process investigated. Sludge electro-dewateringperformances were explored by constant voltage method (25 V) on various samples. The organic matterin the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was gradually consumed and decomposed during sludgeaging process. Under identical electro-dewatering conditions, dewaterability and time-space yield ofaged sludge achieved 49.33% solid content and 223.46 kg m 2 h 1 respectively. Such results indicate thebeneficial effects of sludge aging process in terms of SED performances, which needs further explorationinto fundamental mechanisms.

Detection of Cucumber Powdery Mildew Based on Spectral and Image Information

Xu Ji Tong,Zhang Zhe,Guo Yu Hang,Liu Yufeng,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose The aim of this study was to fi nd the optimal detection method for cucumber powdery mildew and improve the identifi cation effi ciency. Methods Image segmentation technology was used to extract spot images and grade classifi cation of powdery mildew. The relationship between powdery mildew spot and spectral refl ectance and intensity was studied. The powdery mildew detection model was established by using qualitative analysis and quantitative prediction methods combined with greenness ( a* ) indices of cucumber leaves. Results There were strong positive correlations between greenness and spectrum in some characteristic bands. Through the extraction of disease spot images and disease classifi cation, it was found that the higher the disease grade of leaves was, the higher the spectral refl ectivity and fl uorescence intensity. In the quantitative prediction model, the R 2 of the NIR spectrum was improved (0.8742) after MSC and SPA, and the eff ect of the fl uorescence spectrum model was not ideal. In the qualitative discriminant model, KNN and ensemble subspace discriminant were obtained for two kinds of spectra, and the identifi cation accuracy of the qualitative model was 97.5% after verifi cation. Conclusion An NIR spectral model can be used for the quantitative prediction of cucumber powdery mildew. The qualitative discriminant model had high accuracy for cucumber powdery mildew.

The Stress-Responsive and Host-Oriented Role of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in an Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana

( Hang Liu ),( Linan Xie ),( Jing Wang ),( Qiannan Guo ),( Shengnan Yang ),( Pei Liang ),( Chengshu Wang ),( Min Lin ),( Yuquan Xu ),( Liwen Zhang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Beauveria bassiana infects a number of pest species and is known to produce insecticidal substances, such as the nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) beauvericin and bassianolide. However, most NRPs and their biological roles in B. bassiana remain undiscovered. To identify NRPs that potentially contribute to pathogenesis, the 21 predicted NRP synthetases (NRPSs) or NRPS-like proteins of B. bassiana ARSEF 2860 were primarily ranked into three functional groups: basic metabolism (7 NRPSs), pathogenicity (12 NRPSs), and unknown function (2 NRPSs). Based on the transcript levels during in vivo growth on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)), half of the Group II NRPSs were likely to be involved in infection. Given that the metabolites biosynthesized by these NRPSs remain to be determined, our result underlines the importance of the NRPSome in fungal pathogenesis, and will serve as a guide for future genomic mining projects to discover functionally essential and structurally diverse NRPs in fungal genomes.

Anterior Transarticular Crossing Screw Fixation for Atlantoaxial Joint Instability: A Biomechanical Study

Hang Xiao,Zhiping Huang,Panjie Xu,Junyu Lin,Qingan Zhu,Wei Ji 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of anterior transarticular crossing screw (ATCS) and compare it with anterior transarticular screw (ATS) which may provide basic evidence for clinical application. Methods: Eight human fresh cadaveric specimens (occiput-C4) were tested with 5 conditions including the intact status, the injury status (type II odontoid fracture), the injury+ATS fixation status (traditional bilateral ATS fixation); the injury+unilateral ATCS fixation status; and the injury+bilateral ATCS fixation status. Specimens were applied to a pure moment of 1.5 Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively. The range of motions (ROMs) and the neutral zones (NZs) of C1 to C2 segment were calculated and compared between 5 status. Results: ATS and ATCS fixations significantly reduced the motions in all directions when compared with the intact and injury statues (p < 0.05). In flexion-extension, the ROMs of ATS, unilateral ATCS, and bilateral ATCS were 4.7° ± 2.5°, 4.1° ± 1.9°, and 3.2° ± 1.2°, respectively. Bilateral ATCS resulted in a significant decrease in ROM in flexion-extension when compared with ATS and unilateral ATCS (p = 0.035 and p = 0.023). In lateral bending and axial rotation, there was no significant difference in ROM between the 3 fixations (p > 0.05). Three fixations resulted in similar NZs in all directions (p > 0.05). Conclusion: ATCS is a biomechanically effective alternative or supplemental method for atlantoaxial instability