The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Cheng Han Ng,Kai En Chan,Yip Han Chin,Rebecca Wenling Zeng,Pei Chen Tsai,Wen Hui Lim,Darren Jun Hao Tan,Chin Meng Khoo,Lay Hoon Goh,Zheng Jye Ling,Anand Kulkarni,Lung-Yi Loey Mak,Daniel Q Huang,Mark C 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes. Hence, we sought to conduct a retrospective analysis on the impact of diabetic status in NAFLD patients, referencing non-diabetic NAFLD individuals. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 was used. Hepatic steatosis was defined with United States Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI) and FLI at a cut-off of 30 and 60 respectively, in absence of substantial alcohol use. A multivariate generalized linear model was used for risk ratios of binary outcomes while survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression and Fine Gray model for competing risk. Results: Of 32,234 patients, 28.92% were identified to have NAFLD. 36.04%, 38.32% and 25.63% were non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic respectively. Diabetic NAFLD significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, chronic kidney disease, all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-diabetic NAFLD. However, prediabetic NAFLD only significantly increased the risk of CVD and did not result in a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: Given the increased risk of adverse outcomes, this study highlights the importance of regular diabetes screening in NAFLD and adoption of prompt lifestyle modifications to reduce disease progression. Facing high cardiovascular burden, prediabetic and diabetic NAFLD individuals can benefit from early cardiovascular referrals to reduce risk of CVD events and mortality.

Diverse genetic spectrum among patients who met the criteria of hereditary breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer syndrome

Po-Han Lin,Yun-Wen Tien,Wen-Fang Cheng,Ying-Cheng Chiang,Chien-Huei Wu,Karen Yang,Chiun-Sheng Huang 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.5

Objective: Genetic high-risk assessment combines hereditary breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer into one syndrome. However, there is a lack of data for comparing the germline mutational spectrum of the cancer predisposing genes between these three cancers. Methods: Patients who met the criteria of the hereditary breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer were enrolled and received multi-gene sequencing. Results: We enrolled 730 probands: 418 developed breast cancer, 185 had ovarian cancer, and 145 had pancreatic cancer. Out of the 18 patients who had two types of cancer, 16 had breast and ovarian cancer and 2 had breast and pancreatic cancer. A total of 167 (22.9%) patients had 170 mutations. Mutation frequency in breast, ovarian and pancreatic cancer was 22.3%, 33.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The mutation rate was significantly higher in patients with double cancers than those with a single cancer (p<0.001). BRCA1 and BRCA2 were the most dominant genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, whereas ATM was the most prevalent gene related to hereditary pancreatic cancer. Genes of hereditary colon cancer such as lynch syndrome were presented in a part of patients with pancreatic or ovarian cancer but seldom in those with breast cancer. Families with a history of both ovarian and breast cancer were associated with a higher mutation rate than those with other histories. Conclusion: The mutation spectrum varies across the three cancer types and family histories. Our analysis provides guidance for physicians, counsellors, and counselees on the offer and uptake of genetic counseling.

Mutation of IPO13 causes recessive ocular coloboma, microphthalmia, and cataract

Xiu-Feng Huang,Lue Xiang,Wan Cheng,Fei-Fei Cheng,Kai-Wen He,Bo-Wen Zhang,Si-Si Zheng,Ru-Yi Han,Yi-Han Zheng,Xiao-Tao Xu,Huan-Yun Yu,Wenjuan Zhuang,Yuk Fai Leung,Zi-Bing Jin 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Ocular coloboma is a developmental structural defect of the eye that often occurs as complex ocular anomalies. However, its genetic etiology remains largely unexplored. Here we report the identification of mutation (c.331C>T, p. R111C) in the IPO13 gene in a consanguineous family with ocular coloboma, microphthalmia, and cataract by a combination of whole-exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping. IPO13 encodes an importin-B family protein and has been proven to be associated with the pathogenesis of coloboma and microphthalmia. We found that Ipo13 was expressed in the cornea, sclera, lens, and retina in mice. Additionally, the mRNA expression level of Ipo13 decreased significantly in the patient compared with its expression in a healthy individual. Morpholinooligonucleotide- induced knockdown of ipo13 in zebrafish caused dose-dependent microphthalmia and coloboma, which is highly similar to the ocular phenotypes in the patient. Moreover, both visual motor response and optokinetic response were impaired severely. Notably, these ocular phenotypes in ipo13-deficient zebrafish could be rescued remarkably by full-length ipo13 mRNA, suggesting that the phenotypes observed in zebrafish were due to insufficient ipo13 function. Altogether, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, a new role of IPO13 in eye morphogenesis and that loss of function of IPO13 could lead to ocular coloboma, microphthalmia, and cataract in humans and zebrafish.

Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal degradation characteristics of the pre-treated municipal sewage sludge by biophysical processing

( Rong Han ),( Jin-wen Liu ),( Hong-tao Wang ),( Yuan-cheng Zhang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

Pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is a promising thermal conversion technology for waste disposal and energy recycle. The product yield pattern of thermal degradation process is strongly relevant to the chemical composition of MSS. In the present study, MSS was firstly processed in a biophysical conversion reactor to adjust the moisture content and biomass fraction. The pyrolysis characteristics of products from biophysical pre-treatment were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), with the materials decomposing between 30℃ to 900℃ at heating rates of 10, 20, 40 ℃/min. According to DTG curves, the kinetic model was performed according to a combination of five-step decomposition. The approximate composition of samples can be determined by each step due to its pyrolysis feature. The nth-order kinetic equations was utilized to describe component degradations and the apparent activation energies were calculated at 25.46, 14.48, 48.15, 85.22, 60.16 kJ/mol through Coats-Redfern integral method. The first-step decomposition was related to low stability organic compounds that derived from the intermediate products of metabolism. The other four steps are mostly ascribed to the non-biodegradable components. The product gas was detected on-line by mass spectrograph (MS) coupled with TGA, indicating the thermal degradation characteristics of various components in the pre-treated sample.

A Modifi ed Virtual Generator Control for DC Microgrid with Improved Dynamic Characteristics of DC Bus Voltage and Enhanced current Sharing Effect

Zhang Han-Wen,Zhang Qin-Jin,Liu Yan-Cheng,Wang Hong-Lai,Hu Wang-Bao 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.6

Traditional virtual DC motor control can suppress the bus voltage fl uctuations caused by load power mutations and distributed generation fl uctuations. However, the dynamic response is poor and the load current sharing cannot be adjusted. Thus, a modifi ed virtual DC generator control strategy is proposed, which combines the average current controller with the virtual DC generator to enhance current sharing eff ect. The adaptive regulation equations of inertia coeffi cient and damping coeffi cient are elaborated simultaneously to improve the system dynamic characteristics. Then the infl uence of key control parameters on system stability is analyzed by establishing the small signal model. Finally, simulations and a StarSim HIL experimental platform of DC microgrid are built. The results show that the proposed method can eff ectively suppress the DC bus voltage fl uctuations and enable them to have a better dynamic response, while realizing the accurate current sharing.

Promoting role of sulfur groups in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over H2SO4 modified activated carbons

Qianqian Guo,Wen Jing,Shangzeng Cheng,Zhanggen Huang,Dekui Sun,Yaqin Hou,Xiaojin Han 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.11

To determine the role of sulfur groups formed on activated carbon (AC) in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3, coal-based AC was modified by H2SO4 under various conditions and then treated in N2 atmosphere at 400 oC. The resulting carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, temperature programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and tested for the SCR of NO with NH3 in the temperature range of 30-250 oC. Results reveal that H2SO4 modification has little effect on the textural properties, but promotes the formation of sulfur and oxygen groups. The sulfur groups incorporated by H2SO4 modification are mainly sulfonic groups and then sulfates. In particular, these sulfur groups play a predominant role in improving NH3 adsorption and then enhancing the SCR activity of modified carbons above 150 oC. However, the contribution of oxygen groups to NO reduction is very limited under the conditions employed in this work.

Experimental Study on the Pipe-Soil Interface under the Influence of Pipe Jacking Stagnation Time

Tianliang Li,Wen Zhao,Run Liu,Jianyong Han,Cheng Cheng 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.3

In the process of long-distance and large-diameter pipe jacking, thixotropic mud is generally injected into the outer surface of the pipe wall to reduce the frictional resistance between the pipe and the soil. The process of pipe jacking may be stopped due to various reasons such as pipe rupture and equipment damage. When the pipe is restarted after being stopped for a period of time, the interface mechanical properties usually change substantially, resulting in a substantial increase in frictional resistance compared to before the stop. However, the mechanical properties and shear mechanism of the pipe-soil interface after jacking is restarted have not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a series of gravelly sand-concrete direct shear tests are carried out, in which lubricant is injected into the interface between gravelly sand and concrete, and the effect of construction stagnation time is considered. The mechanical properties of the interface when the concrete pipe is restarted after stagnation is studied by the direct shear tests. The results show that the friction coefficient of pipe-soil interface increases with the stagnation time, which is determined by the thixotropic mud state and the content of gravelly sand involved in shear. In a short period of stagnation, the friction coefficient is determined by the cohesion caused by thixotropic mud and the friction angle produced by the gravelly sand involved in the shearing action. With the increase of stagnation time, the friction angle gradually becomes the decisive factor for the increase of friction coefficient.

Streptomyces lushanensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with anti-cyanobacterial activity

Zhang, Bing-Huo,Cheng, Juan,Chen, Wei,Li, Han-Quan,Yang, Jian-Yuan,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Chang-Jin,Shen, Rui,Duan, Yan-Qin,Li, Wen-Jun Nature Publishing Group 2015 The Journal of Antibiotics Vol. No.

<P>Strain JXJ 0135(T), an anti-cyanobacterial actinomycete, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Lushan Mountain, south China, and identified by using polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of the near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain JXJ 0135(T) belongs to the genus Streptomyces and exhibited distinct subclade and also highest similarity (98.6%) to Streptomyces scopuliridis RB72(T). The strain developed well-branched substrate and aerial mycelia, and produced spiral spore chains. Spores were elliptical and the spore surface was smooth. The strain contained LL-diaminopimelic acid with whole-cell sugars of mannose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose. Phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphotidylinositol dimannoside, an unidentified aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major components of the fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C17:0 and iso-C14:0. The G+C content was 69.3?mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between JXJ 0135(T) and S. scopuliridis RB72(T) was 41.21.4%. On the basis of the polyphasic data, strain JXJ 0135(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces lushanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JXJ 0135(T) (=DSM 42121(T)=JCM 19628(T)=KCTC 29261(T)=KACC 17834(T)=NRRL B-24994(T)).</P>

In Vivo Experimental Study on the Effects of Fluid in Increasing the Efficiency of Radiofrequency Ablation

Sun, Yi-Xin,Cheng, Wen,Han, Xue,Liu, Zhao,Wang, Qiu-Cheng,Shao, Hua Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most widely used and studied method internationally for the local treatment of liver tumors. However, the extension of coagulation necrosis in one RFA procedure is limited and incomplete coverage of the damaged area can lead to a high local recurrence rate. Objective: In this study, we compared the effects of different solutions in enhancing hepatic radiofrequency by establishing a rabbit VX2 liver cancer model. We also determined the optimal solution to maximise effects on the extent of RFA-induced coagulation necrosis. Methods: Thirty VX2 tumor rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: group A, RFA alone; group B, RFA with anhydrous ethanol injection; group C, RFA with 5% hypertonic saline injection; group D, RFA with lidocaine injection; and group E, RFA with a mixed solution. Routine ultrasound examinations and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of the ablation areas were performed after RFA. Then, we measured the major axis and transverse diameter and compared the areas of coagulation necrosis induced by RFA. Results: The mean ablation area range increased in groups B, C and especially E, and the scopes were greater compared with group A. Preoperative application of anhydrous ethanol, hypertonic saline, lidocaine and the mixed solution (groups B, C, D and E, respectively) resulted in larger coagulation necrosis areas than in group A (p<0.05). Among the groups, the coagulation necrosis areas in group E was largest, and the difference was statistically significant compared with other groups (p<0.05). Pathological findings were consistent with imaging results. Conclusions: A mixture of dehydrated alcohol, hypertonic saline and lidocaine injected with RFA increases the extent of coagulation necrosis in the liver with a single application, and the mixed solution is more effective than any other injection alone.

Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Margaret LP Teng,Cheng Han Ng,Daniel Q. Huang,Kai En Chan,Darren JH Tan,Wen Hui Lim,Ju Dong Yang,Eunice Tan,Mark D. Muthiah 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The estimated global incidence of NAFLD is 47 cases per 1,000 population and is higher among males than females. The estimated global prevalence of NAFLD among adults is 32% and is higher among males (40%) compared to females (26%). The global prevalence of NAFLD has increased over time, from 26% in studies from 2005 or earlier to 38% in studies from 2016 or beyond. The prevalence of NAFLD varies substantially by world region, contributed by differing rates of obesity, and genetic and socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of NAFLD exceeds 40% in the Americas and South-East Asia. The prevalence of NAFLD is projected to increase significantly in multiple world regions by 2030 if current trends are left unchecked. In this review, we discuss trends in the global incidence and prevalence of NAFLD and discuss future projections.