서울·경기 일부지역 대학생의 Take-out Food 이용실태

유성은,한영실,주나미 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.5

This study was designed to identify the teke-out food usage of university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaires were used to analyze these habits among 500 respondents. 1. The Frequency of Take-Out Food use: the greatest proportion of students useds take-out foods once or twice a week (33.8%). 2. The reasons for Take-Out Food use: fastness was the major reason (47.8%). 3. The day of the week for Take-Out Food use: the majority of the students used Take-Out foods regardless of the day (54.4%). 4. The time of day for Take-Out Food use: 6~8 p.m. for 31.6%. 5. The cost spent in each meal: 51.6% spent 3,000 to under 5,000 won. 6. The menus of Take-Out Food used: coffee was the most popular of all the take-out foods (43.6%). 7. Points considered when buying Take-Out Food: the majority of the college students thought tastes and quality of the foods were the most important considerations (51.0%). 8. The source of information about Take-Out Food: 43.4% of the students obtained information from their friends.

통계적 실험계획에 의한 PECVD로 증착된 실리콘 산화막의 특성 분석

李晟準,金洸範,崔鑛泉,漢秀一,尹知原,金劉邏,朴宰賢,洪尙眞 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

According as the current needs of low temperature in semiconductor manufacturing process, PECVD using low temperature and high deposition rate is becoming more of a concern. However, PECVD equipment has the defect possibility on the interface between substrates and gate oxide layer, because ions or electrons with much high energy clash the interface. In this study, we embarked on the experiment with Statistical Design of Experiment and then also analyze which parameters influence on the characteristic of silicon dioxide filems. We finally made a constructive proposal for process optimization conditions.

中學 科學敎育의 探究學習에 대한 評價問項 開發 (Ⅱ)

閔庚德,楊洪準,李善行,鄭遠佑,이병교,金裕漢,羅長薰 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

This study was accomplished to develope the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 2nd grade Middle School Science for the consecutive study of the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 1st grade Middle School Science(U-Hang Ki et al, 1984). In this study, paper and pencil test items and performance test items are made by analyzing the abilities of inquiry according to the contents and four basic experiments from each unit in the 2nd grade Middle school science. These evaluation items were applied to tke five classes of the 2nd grade of middle school to test their validity. It is desirable that performance test schuld be used for the evaluation for the abilities of inquiry which can not be evaluated by paper and pencil test. In the evaluation methods of performance test, tester evaluation, peer evaluation and self-evaluation can be applied to the science class in a multi-student class. In higher grade, however tester evaluation is more desirable than peer and self evaluation. It is found that peer evaluation and self-evaluation make possible the perfect study by feedback.

Processing Optimization and Physicochemical Characteristics of Collagen from Scales of Yellowfin Tuna(Thunnus albacares)

( Yu Na Han ),( Ju Ryun Ahn ),( Jin Wook Woo ),( Cheol Kyun Jung ),( Sueng Mock Cho ),( Yang Bong Lee ),( Seon Bong Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2010 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.13 No.2

Bioconversion of Formaldehyde into Ethylene Glycol Using a Productive Whole Cell Biocatalytic Cascade

Han-Na YU,Hye-Jin JO,Ye-Na KIM,Hui-Jin CHEON,Jun-Hong KIM,Jeong-Sun KIM,Jin-Byung PARK 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Ethylene glycol (EG) is a bulk chemical that is mainly used as an anti-freezing agent and a raw material in the synthesis of plastics. Production of commercial EG mostly relies on chemical synthesis using fossil resources. Biochemical production of EG from renewable resources may be more sustainable. Herein, we have examined a strategy for the biosynthesis of EG from formaldehyde. First, we selected glyoxylate carboligase from Escherichia coli K-12 (EcGCL) as glycolaldehyde synthase. EcGCL catalyzes the condensation of two molecules formaldehyde into glycolaldehyde with high thermostability. The variants were constructed to enhance the catalytic efficiency by engineering active site and substrate entrance site based on crystal structures and substrate docking simulation. The best variants (i.g., EcGCL_R484M/N283Q/L478M) exhibited catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 5.2 M<SUP>−1</SUP>·s<SUP>−1</SUP>. This value is ca. three-fold greater than that of the EcGCL wild type. Second, we have chosen (S)-1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase (FucO) from E. coli for the production of EG from glycolaldehyde. The catalytic efficiency of FucO for formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde as substrate showed that 0.05 and 10 mM<SUP>-1</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP> respectively. Using the recombinant E. coli co-expressing EcGCL and FucO, EG was produced to a concentration of 0.41 g/L (6.6 mM) from 20 mM formaldehyde. The conversion reached ca. 66%. The presented studies provide the basis for a new strategy for the production of high value C2 chemicals from C1 chemicals

Nitric Oxide Produced by the Antioxidant Activity of Verapamil Improves the Acute Wound Healing Process

Han Yu Na,Lee Yoon Jae,Kim Ki Joo,Lee Su Jin,Choi Jang Youn,문석호,이종원 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.1

Background: Verapamil is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertrophic scars, and keloids to block transmembrane calcium ion flux. Verapamil has antioxidant activity, which enhances the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells during wound healing. In this study, we investigated the effect of verapamil and its antioxidant properties on the enhancement of acute wound healing via NO. Methods: A full-thickness wound healing model was created on the rat dorsal with a silicone ring. The wound closure rate was estimated every 2 days for 14 days. A histological study was performed to evaluate wound healing. Immunofluorescence staining was analyzed for angiogenesis. The expressions of collagen type I (COL I), collagen type III (COL III), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by Western blot. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the expression of endothelial NO synthase and inducible NO synthase, which are related to antioxidant activity in the process of wound healing. Results: The wound closure rate was faster in the verapamil group compared to the control and silicone groups. Histologic analysis revealed capillaries and stratum basale in the verapamil group. Immunofluorescence staining was shown vessel formation in the verapamil group. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis revealed high expression levels of COL I, VEGF, eNOS, and FGF in the verapamil. Conclusion: Verapamil’s antioxidant activity enhances NO production in acute wound healing. We suggest that verapamil can be used to promote acute wound healing.

뜻밖의 위로: 서유럽의 흑사병과 14-16세기 신체적·심리적 고통의 시각화

한유나 ( Yu Na Han ) 한국미학예술학회 2023 美學·藝術學硏究 Vol.69 No.-

14세기 흑사병이 서유럽에 상륙하면서 해당 병증을 드러내며 고통스러워하는 환자들의 모습이 동시대 미술에 등장하기 시작했으며, 특히 15세기 말에서 16세기 초에 다양한 작품이 제작되었다. 이러한 이미지들은 기존 연구에서 감염되었을 당시의 상태나 병증의 치료와 같은 대처 방식을 기록한 의학사적 사료로서만 관심을 받아 왔다. 최근 근세미술사학계에서 활발히 이루어지고 있는 ‘고통 받는 몸’에 대한 일반적 논의를 적용하면, 흑사병의 고통을 시각화한 작품들을 공포감 조성을 통한 윤리적 계도의 수단으로 해석할 여지가 있다. 당대인들이 전염병을 인간의 죄에 대한 신의 형벌로 이해했기 때문이다. 그러나 본 연구는 이 그림들이 감상자들에게 비판적 메시지보다는 위안을 전달하는 ‘뜻밖의 역할’을 수행했음을 고찰한다. 이 그림들은 감염된 자들에게는 자신들의 신체적, 정신적 고통을, 비감염자들에게는 자신들에게도 닥쳐올지 모를 고통에 대한 두려움을 가시화하는 역할을 했다. 이는 일레인 스캐리(Elaine Scarry)가 주장했던 것처럼 고통의 표현불가성으로 인한 외부와의 단절을 “대상화된 형태”로 변환하여 그 괴로움을 일부 경감하는 행위로 이해된다. 또한, 문학치료(bibliotherapy)의 핵심 치유 기제인 “너 혼자만이 겪는 고통이 아니다”라는 공감적 체험을 제공했던 것으로도 해석 가능하다. 아비 바르부르크(Aby Warburg)의 논의를 적용할 경우, 불가해한 고통과 공포를 승화시키고 카오스적인 세계 안에서 정위하려는 서유럽인들의 절박한 노력을 담은 일종의 파토스 형식으로 볼 수 있다. 이 연구는 14-16세기 흑사병 환자들의 고통을 재현한 작품들의 조형 언어와 문화사 및 종교사적 맥락이 실제로 이러한 현대이론의 틀과 서로 공명함을 보여준다. 그리고 이를 통하여 이 그림들이 인간의 고통과 치유에 대한 보편적 속성을 내포하고 있으며, 때문에 그 감상에 있어 ‘뜻밖’이지만 또한 친숙한 위로의 기제가 작동함을 밝힌다. After the outbreak of the Black Death, pictorial representations of the pain caused by the plague became increasingly popular, the zenith of which was between the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. These images have attracted scholarly attention mainly as historical records describing the symptoms of the disease and its medical treatments. The goal of the present study, however, is to demonstrate that they played an “unexpected” role in comforting contemporary viewers: for those who were already contaminated, the images gave shape to their current pain, while for the noninfected, they materialized the fear of possible infection and the following pain. Here, the images can be understood as “objectified pain” in Elaine Scarry’s term, allowing an otherwise inexpressible inner state to be communicated to the external world, and thereby offering emotional catharsis. In the images of pain, the viewers also discovered the fact that they were not alone in suffering ― a crucial mechanic of consolation particularly emphasized by modern practices of bibliotherapy. Lastly, adopting Aby Warburg’s ideas, these images are to be considered as a kind of Pathosformel embodying Europeans’ efforts in the age of the bubonic plague to sublimate the inexplicable crisis as well as to orient themselves in that chaotic world.

High glucose induced translocation of Aquaporin8 to chicken hepatocyte plasma membrane: Involvement of cAMP, PI3K/Akt, PKC, MAPKs, and microtubule

Suh, Han Na,Lee, Sang Hun,Lee, Min Young,Heo, Jung Sun,Lee, Yu Jin,Han, Ho Jae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.103 No.4

<P>Aquaporin8 (AQP8) is a transmembrane water channel that is found mainly in hepatocytes. The direct involvement of AQP8 in high glucose condition has not been established. Therefore, this study examined the effects of high glucose on AQP8 and its related signal pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. High glucose increased the movement of AQP8 from the intracellular membrane to plasma membrane in a 30 mM glucose concentration and in a time- (≥10 min) dependent manner. On the other hand, 30 mM mannitol did not affect the translocation of AQP8, which suggested the absence of osmotic effect. Thirty millimolar glucose increased intracellular cyclic adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate (cAMP) level. Moreover, high glucose level induced Akt phosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK, and c-jun NH<SUB>2</SUB>-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. On the other hand, inhibition of each pathway by SQ 22536 (adenylate cyclase inhibitor), LY 294002 (PI3-K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), Akt inhibitor, staurosporine (PKC inhibitor), PD 98059 (MEK inhibitor), SB 203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), or SP 600125 (JNK inhibitor) blocked 30 mM glucose-induced AQP8 translocation, respectively. In addition, inhibition of microtubule movement with nocodazole blocked high glucose-induced AQP8 translocation. High glucose level also increased the level of kinesin light chain and dynein protein expression. In conclusion, high glucose level stimulates AQP8 via cAMP, PI3-K/Akt, PKC, and MAPKs pathways in primary cultured chicken hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1089–1100, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

위로의 연대: 이미지로 보는 16세기 독일 루터파 공동체의 이상

한유나 ( Yu Na Han ) 연세사학연구회 2022 學林 Vol.49 No.-

마르틴 루터(Martin Luther, 1483~1546년)는 개인의 불행과 고통이 사적인 영역에 속하는 것이 아니라, 공동체 및 그 공동체의 구성원들이 함께 위로해주고 극복해야 하는 공동의 과제라고 생각하였다. 이러한 공동체의 이상은 기독교의 전통적 미덕 중 하나인 ‘이웃 사랑(amor proximi)’에 토대를 둔 것이었다. 루터는 성경의 전체 내용이 믿음(fides)과 이웃에 대한 봉사, 이 두 가지로 요약될 수 있으며, 전자는 오직 후자를 통해서만 진정성을 획득할 수 있다고 주장했을 만큼 ‘이웃 사랑’ 개념에 전에 없이 큰 가치를 부여하였다. 흥미로운 것은 16세기 루터파 문화권 내에서 시각적 이미지들이 이웃 사랑의 실천에 동기를 부여하고 공동체의 연대와 결속을 다지는 데에 적극적으로 활용되었다는 점이다. 이러한 그림들은 한편으로는 감상자로 하여금 위기에 처했을 때 자신을 지탱해줄 공동체적 안전망이 존재한다는 사실을 상기시키고, 다른 한편으로는 감상자 자신도 이러한 안전망의 형성에 적극적으로 동참해야한다는 책임감을 일깨웠다. 기존 미술사 연구들은 이웃 사랑의 주제를 다룬 16세기 루터파 이미지들 상당수가 중세의 전통적 주제들과 도상을 그대로 차용한다는 이유로 크게 주목하지 않았다. 그러나 이 이미지들은 신학자들에 의해 이론적으로 논의되었던 ‘이웃 사랑’의 추상적 개념과 공동체적 이상이 일상생활 안에서 사회 구성원들의 실천적 행위로 구체화되는 과정을 보여주는 중요한 사료들이다. 이미지에서 드러나는 16세기 독일 루터파 공동체의 이상은 다음과 같은 세 가지 특성을 보여준다. 첫째, 이웃 봉사에 있어 도움의 공여자와 수혜자의 구분이 없는 호혜적 관계의 형성을 강조하였다. 이웃 사랑의 의인화(personification)인 여성이 갓난아이를 수유하면서 동시에 다른 아이들로부터 과일을 받아먹는 모습을 담은 ‘카리타스(caritas)’의 도상, 전도 활동을 위해 먼 길을 떠나기 전 서로를 다정하게 격려하는 사도들을 재현한 ‘사도들의 이별(divisio apostolorum)’과 같은 주제들이 크게 유행하였다. 둘째, 정신적 위안과 물질적 원조에 대한 균형감 있는 관심을 장려하였다. 복음 전파를 구원에 대한 확신과 희망을 전하는 이웃 봉사의 행위로서 시각화한 작품들과 빈민구제를 위한 공동기금(Gemeiner Kasten)의 주제를 다룬 이미지들을 통해 이를 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 현실에서 상호 원조를 통해 친밀한 유대감을 형성하는 이웃들이 곧 기독교 공동체 전체의 구현임을 적극적으로 홍보하였다. 특히 신자들이 함께 모여 전례에 참석하는 교회 공간에 지역공동체 구성원들의 집단 초상이 포함된 제단화나 추모화(epitaph)들을 안치함으로써 그 상징성을 극대화시켰다. Martin Luther (1483-1546) urged fellow men to actively help their neighbors in distress, and in the case of their own tribulation, to seek out some company who could assist them. This idea originated from the traditional Christian concept of neighborly love, to which the reformer attached unprecedented importance: the whole scripture was to be simply encapsulated in two notions, that is, faith and neighborly love, and the former could be fully achieved only by the latter. Luther’s ultimate goal was to establish a network of mutual support and protection within his community. Sixteenth-century Lutherans in Germany actively used images visualizing the reformer’s idea to indeed foster solidarity among themselves. For example, the works presenting the iconographic themes such as Caritas and the Separation of the Apostles highlighted the reciprocity of neighborly service. Meanwhile, those images respectively thematizing preaching of the salvific Word and raising of communal funds propagated that spiritual and material aids were equally important. Group portraits of local congregations also became a crucial part of Lutheran visual culture;they represented the “network of support” in a literal sense. The presence of neighborly love was easily to be buried in oblivion in everyday life. Thus, it was the mission of the pictorial works depicting the Lutheran ideal of solidarity to reassure the viewers that loving hearts ready to assist were available to them whenever needed.

GPCR Kinase (GRK)-2 Is a Key Negative Regulator of Itch: l-Glutamine Attenuates Itch via a Rapid Induction of GRK2 in an ERK-Dependent Way

Im, Yu-Na,Lee, Yu-Dong,Park, Jeong-Soo,Kim, Hae-Kyoung,Im, Suhn-Young,Song, Hwa-Ryung,Lee, Hern-Ku,Han, Myung-Kwan Springer Nature 2018 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.138 No.8