쌀 品質 高級化 및 多樣化 改良育種의 現?과 展望

崔海椿(Choi Hae-Chune) 동아시아식생활학회 2000 동아시아식생활학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

A large effort on the breeding research for improving the grain quality of Tongil-type rice was intensively exerted during 1970s~1980s and the marketing and eating quality of them was remarkably improved through the selection of good grain appearance, low gelatinization temperature and low amylose content. The endeavors enhancing the grain quality of high-yielding japonica rice were steadly continued during 1980s~1990s along with the self-sufficiency of rice production and the increasing demands of high-quality rices. During this time, considerably great progress and success was obtained in development of high-quality japonica cultivars and quality evaluation techniques including the elucidation of interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of rice grain and the physical or palatability components of cooked rice. In 1990s, some high-quality japonica rice cultivars and special rices adaptable for food processing such as large kernel, chalky endosperm, aromatic and colored rices were developed and its objective preference and utility was also examined by a palatability meter, rapid-visco analyzer and texture analyzer. Our breeding effort in rice quality improvement for the future should focus on enhancement of palatability of cooked rice as well as the diversification of varietal variation in physical and chemical characteristics of rice grain.

벼 雄性不稔性을 利用한 集團改良에 관한 硏究 Ⅱ. 自然相互交雜 및 新遺傳子源 浸透交雜에 의한 集團循環改良 育種過程中 몇가지 量的形質의 變異

Hae Chune Choi(崔海椿),Soo Yeon Cho(趙守衍),Rae Kyeong Park(朴來敬) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to clarify the benefit of active recurrent improvement scheme of rice population and to find out the problems occured in process of recurrent random mating and introuduction of new germplasm into the basic populations using genetic male-sterile factor during 1978-1983. Once (NDR₁, NSR₁) and twice random-mating populations(NDR₂, NSR₂, and modified bulk F₄ populations of two crosses between male-sterile mutants of Nihonmasari(Nihonmasarims) and Suweon 223 or Suweon 235, and improved populations by penetrating outcross between male-sterile plants of NDR₂ or NSR₂ populations and Jinjubyeo or Samnambyeo(NDJ, NDS and/or NSJ, NSS) and their F₂ populations selected from male-fertile plants of NDJ and NSJ populations, and parental varieties included two male donors were investigated for phenotypic variations of some quantitative characters during 1984-1985. The modified bulk F₄, populations were derived from male-fertile F₂selections of two basic crosses and were maintained by single seed descent method(SSD). Although the genetic male sterility of Nihonmasariims was controlled by single recessive gene(msms), observed frequencies of male-sterile plants in once or twice random mating populations were remarkably decreased compared to expected ones. This phenomenon might be resulted from pleiotrophic effect of male-sterile gene such as inferiority of competition in vegetative growth and fertilization compared to normal one. The penetration ratio of new germplasm, calculated by the difference in frequencies of male-sterile plants between basic random mating and penerated mating populations under the natural condition of planting with alternative rows of the two populations, was about 11% as average of four different penerated mating populations varied from 2.1% to 16.2%. The male-sterile plants showed significantly shorter culm and panicle length, less tillers per plant, and less spikelets per panicle compared to normal fertile ones. Twice random mating population revealed significantly increased frequencies of tall, late heading, numerous spikelets and severely awned plants compared to once random mating population. Also, the former showed significantly less frequency of intermediate infections but more frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants to blast disease compared to the latter. This indicates that recurrent random-mating populations should be maintained with relatively desirable range of variations by discarding these undesirable recombinants. The NDJ, NDS, NSJ, and NSS populations manifested the significant change of distributions to the respective directions of earlier heading, shorter culm, longer panicle, more spikelets, less awning, more or less tiller, and more or less tolerance to blast or stripe virus diseases compared to the basic random-mating populations according to respective combinations between the basic populations and new donor parents. Also, these recurrently improved populations and random-mating populations presented wider variations of various agronomic characteristics compared with the modified bulk F₄ populations. These facts point out that the active recurrent improvement scheme using genic male-sterile factor as outcrossing carrier may be utilized effectively to accumulate the numerous gene sources together into a population and to increase the opportunity of continuous recombinations. The phenotypic correlations among some quantitative characters, except the association between panicle length and spikelet numbers per panicle, showed similar or considerably different tendency according to the populations due to different parental combinations and different breeding manipulations. Associations between the quantitative characters such as days to heading, culm length, panicle length, and number of spikelets per panicle, whose variations were largely changed by recombined variation, increased significantly according to random-mating times but decreased

국제학술 심포지움 쌀 박람회 / 특별강연 : 우리 나라의 브랜드 쌀 생산 및 이용현황

최해춘(Hae Chune Choi) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2002 국제학술심포지움 쌀박람회 Vol.- No.-

Physicochemical and structural characteristics of grain associated with palatability in japonica rice

Hae Chune Choi(崔海椿),Ha Cheol Hong(洪夏鐵),Baek Hie Nahm(南佰熙) 한국육종학회 1997 한국육종학회지 Vol.29 No.1

To elucidate the major components of rice quality associated with the palatability in japonica, twelve japonica rice cultivars were examined for several physicochemical properties, endosperm structure of rice grain and physical characteristics or sensory palatability of cooked rice. The rice materials used showed narrow varietal variation in grain size and shape, alkali digestibility, gel consistency and amylose and protein contents, but considerable difference in appearance and texture of cooked rice in two years. Significant variations in varieties (V), harvested years (Y), and V x Y interaction were recognized in most of the physicochemical properties except alkali digestibility, volume expansion rate and texturogram of cooked rice. There was relatively larger coefficients of variation for both varieties and years in Mg/K ratio, iodine blue value of extracted solids and amounts of extracted solid matter during cooking, breakdown and setback viscosity, and short chain ratio of amylopectin. The physicochemical properties significantly associated with glossiness or global palatability score of cooked rice were the peak, hot paste and consistency viscosities of viscogram with year difference. The high-quality rice variety “Ilpumbyeo” showed less portion of amylose on the outer layer of milled rice grain and less and slower change in iodine blue value of extracted paste during twenty minutes of boiling. This highly palatable rice also exhibited very fine net structure in outer layer and fine-spongy and well-swollen shape of gelatinized starch granules in inner layer and core of cooked rice kernel compared with the poor palatable rice. Global sensory score of cooked rice could be estimated by multiple linear regression formula, deduced from relationship between rice quality components mentioned above and eating quality of cooked rice, with high probability of determination in two years. Inconsistent distribution of tested japonica rices over years on the plane of two integrated quality components indicated that there were some different high-quality rice types and those environmental response on grain quality was greatly different.

$F_2$와 $F_5$ 상관에 의한 벼 Sink 및 Source 관련형질의 유전력 추정

하운구,김호영,최해춘,임상종,서학수,임무상,Ha, Woon-Goo,Kim, Ho-Yeong,Choi, Hae-Chune,Lim, Sang-Jong,Suh, Hak-Soo,Lim, Moo-Sang 한국작물학회 2002 Korean journal of crop science Vol.47 No.3

초다수성 품종 개발의 기초자료로 활용하고자 새로이 도입된 신초형 소얼 수중형 유전자원을 이용하여 F$_2$-F$_{5}$상관에 의한 sink-source관련 형질의 유전력을 추정한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 일품벼에 YR15965 Acp 33이 교배된 F2와 F5세대간 상관정도에 의해 추정된 sink 및 source관련 형질들의 유전력은 specific leaf area, sink-source ratio와 harvest index의 0.009, 0.121, 0.013을 제외한 모든 형질에서 0.224이상의 높은 유전력을 보였다. 2. IR 66738-118-1-2에 가야벼가 교배된 후대에서는 모든 sink 및 source관련 형질이 0.001-0.286의 낮은 유전력을 보였다. 3. Sink 및 source관련 형질들과 수량과는 두 조합 모두 높은 싱관정도를 보였으나 등숙률과는 IR 66738-118-1-2에 가야벼가 교배된 후대에서는 대부분의 형질이 상관이 없었다. 그러나 일품벼에 YR 15965Acp33의 교배 후대에서는 등숙율과 source형질과는 높은 정상관이, sink capacity와 sink-source ratio등 sink형질과는 유의한 부의 상관이 있었다. The heritability of sink-source characters was estimated by regression coefficient between F$_2$ and F$_{5}$ in two crosses of IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo and the Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33. In order to get the some basic information for breeding of high yielding rice, genetic resources of new plant type with low tiller and heavy panicle were used. Most of the sink and source characters in Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross showed high heritability over than 0.224. But the specific leaf area and sink-source ratio displayed low heritability being 0.009 and 0.013, respectively. Heritability of all sink and source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross ranged from 0.115 to 0.247. Correlation coefficient between yield and yield components in both combination were in the ranged between 0.001 and 0.247. But correlations among the yield components were not significant. Correlations between the yield and sink-source characters in both combinations were also highly significant. Particularly, correlation between the grain tiling ratio and most of the sink-source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross were not significant. In Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross, correlations between grain filling ratio and source characters were positively significant. but sink characters (sink capacity and sink-source ratio, etc) were negatively significant.

유색미 안토시아닌계 및 탄닌계색소의 추출법

오세관(Sea Kwan Oh),최해춘(Hae Chune Choi),조미영(Mi Yeong Cho),김수언(Soo Un Kim) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.4

This experiment was conducted to establish the efficient extraction condition for anthocyanin and tannin pigments contained in rice bran of adored noes. Efficiency of the pigment extraction was maximum when the concentration of mixed solvent of methanol(3) : ethanul(7) was 70%. In purple rice(anthocyanin pigment), $quot;Kilimheugmi$quot;, 80% ethanol containing 0.5% magic acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength(λ_(max)) at 538 ㎚. In red rice(tannin pigment). $quot;Jagwangdo$quot;. 80% ethanol containing 0.01% citric acid showed the highest extraction efficiency and stability with a maximum absorbance wavelength(λ_(max)) at 456 ㎚. The relative optical density of the pigments increased until the solvent temperature was reacted at 70℃, but drastically decreased over at 90℃ due to color change. The higher amount of the pigment was extracted from the longer shaking time of the solvent. Ten minutes was enough for the grinding time of rice bran in solvent. Supernatant of the pigment extractives after one day storage at 4℃ in Clark chamber revealed higher optical density than the filtration of the pigment extractives.

증편제조법 표준화 연구(Ⅰ) - 발효조건이 증편의 膨化 및 性狀에 미치는 영향 -

강미영(Kang Mi Young),최해춘(Choi Hae Chune) 한국지역사회생활과학회 1993 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

쌀의 이화학적 특성과 저장 쌀빵의 노화성과의 관계

강미영(Mi-Young Kang),최영희(Yeong-Hee Choi),최해춘(Hae-Chune Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 1997 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

12품종의 쌀로서 제조한 쌀빵의 저장성을 비교하기 위해서 원료쌀의 이화학적 특성과 제조된 쌀빵의 저온 저장 중 물성변화 특성간의 관계를 검토하였다. 쌀빵 제조에 사용한 쌀품종들은 아밀로스함량은 찰(0.0%)에서부터 高 아밀로스(29.2%)까지, 호응집성은 경질(20㎜)에서부터 연질(98㎜)까지, 그리고 알칼리붕괴도는 안됨(2.0)에서부터 잘됨(7.0)까지의 품종변이를 각각 나타내었다. 중원벼, AC 27, IRAT 177 등의 쌀로서 제조한 쌀빵이 대체로 부드러운 물성을 가지는 경향이 있었으며, 대립벼 1호, 수원조, 수원 230 등의 쌀로서 제조한 쌀빵이 비교적 부드러우면서 노화가 늦게 진전되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 아밀로스함량은 호응집성과 부의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 아밀로스함량이 높을수록 쌀빵의 탄력성은 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 쌀빵의 노화도는 호응집성과는 정의 상관을, 그리고 알카리 붕괴도와는 부의 상관을 나타내었다. The interrelation between physicochemical properties of milled rice and retrogradation of rice bread during cold storage was examined to compare the varietal difference in maintenance of rice bread quality. Twelve rice materials showed big varietal difference on physicochemical properties of rice starch such as amylose content(0.0~29.2%), gel consistency(20~98㎜), and alkali digestion value(2.0~7.0). Rice bread made from milled rice of Jungwonbyeo, AC 27 and IRAT 177 exhibited soft texture, and that made from milled rice of Daeribbyeo 1, Suwonjo, and Suwon 230 showed relatively soft texture and late retrogradation of rice bread during cold storage(4℃). The amylose content of milled rice was closely associated with gel consistency negatively and with springiness of rice bread positively. The retrogradation of rice bread texture during cold storage was correlated with gel consistency of rice flour positively and with alkali digestion value of milled rice negatively.

Gum질, 지방질 및 활성 Gluten 첨가에 따른 쌀빵 특성 비교

강미영(Mi-Young Kang),최영희(Young-Hee Choi),최해춘(Hae-Chune Choi) 한국식품과학회 1997 한국식품과학회지 Vol.29 No.4

입형이 다른 벼 품종의 도정특성 및 쌀품위

홍하철,정영평,김태영,손종록,황홍구,최해춘,민용규,김기종,Hong, Ha-Cheol,Jeong, Young-Pyeong,Kim, Tae-Young,Son, Jong-Rok,Hwang, Hung-Goo,Choi, Hae-Chune,Min, Young-Kyoo,Kim, Kee-Jong 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.1

벼의 품종 및 입형별 최적도정조건을 구명하여 손실량을 최소화하고 고품질 양질쌀을 가공하기 위하여 2000년산 다산벼, 안산벼, 화성벼, 일품벼 및 동안벼의 원료품위, 제품품위, 도정특성, 도정시 소요전력 등을 조사하였다. 수확한 벼의 수분을 15%까지 건조한 후의 천립중은 다산벼가 가장 높은 28.55 g 이었고, 안산벼는 22.92 g으로 가장 낮았다. 벼의 장폭비는 다산벼, 안산벼, 동안벼, 화성벼 및 일품벼가 각각 3.03, 2.36, 2.23, 2.12 및 2.10이었다. 현미 가공시 현미기 고무롤러의 간격을 벼 품종별 두께의 20%, 30%, 40%로 다르게 조절하여 가공한 결과 현미기 고무롤러 간격을 30%로 하여 현미 가공하였을 때가 제현율이 가장 높았다. 실험실용 정미기를 이용하여 현미를 2회 도정시 다산벼는 전체 미강중 91.38%, 화성벼는 88.46%, 동안벼는 74.62%, 일품벼는 73.03%, 안산벼는 70.93%의 미강이 제거되었고, 백미가공이 끝난 후 전품종 평균 백미완전립률은 92.87%이었다. Paddy and milled rice quality, milling characteristics, energy consumption of milling process were investigated using Dasanbyeo, Ansanbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, and Donganbyeo varieties. Thousand grains weights of the varieties dried to 15% moisture content were 22.92-28.60 g, with Dasanbyeo being the heaviest. Optimum clearance of rubber roller for obtaining maximum dehulling recovery was 30% of each rice variety thickness. At that time, perfect brown rice ratios of Dasanbyeo, Ansanbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo, and Donganbyeo were 95.24%, 98.86%, 95.97%, 97.75%, and 97.31%, respectively, and showed no significant differences among varieties. Ratios of removed rice bran after two times milling ranged 70.93-91.38%, with Dasanbyeo showing the highest ratio, and the average head rice ratio was 92.87%.