A Study on Market Efficiency with the Indexes of SSEC and SZSEC of China

Guo Xi DUAN(Guo Xi DUAN ),Hisashi TANIZAKI(Hisashi TANIZAKI ) 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.9

This paper studies market efficiency from a weak form aspect using opening and closing prices of the Shanghai stock exchange composite index (SSEC) and Shenzhen stock exchange composite index (SZSEC) under the expected return theory. Classical methods (autocorrelation and runs test) are used to examine the features of stock returns, and little evidence against mutual independence of returns is found. We predict daily returns of SSEC and SZSEC with AR(p) and VAR(p) models (in this paper, p = 5 is taken as a one-week lag) and perform a virtual experiment on two indexes based on the predicted value of daily returns from AR(p) or VAR(p) model. From the results of AR(p) and VAR(p) for two indexes, we attempt to find out how the market efficiency level changes when the information from the other market is under consideration as we check the market efficiency level in one market. We find that SSEC in 2014–2016 and SZSEC in 2015–2016 are inefficient from the result of autocorrelation, that SSEC in 2016 and SZSEC in 2013 are not efficient from the result of runs test, that the stock market is efficient except 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2017 in SSEC and 2005, 2016 and 2017 in SZSEC and that SSEC is more influenced by SZSEC but SSEC influences SZSEC less from the result of the virtual experiment.

FLOURY ENDOSPERM12 Encoding Alanine Aminotransferase 1 Regulates Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Rice

Mingsheng Zhong,Xi Liu,Feng Liu,Yulong Ren,Yunlong Wang,Jianping Zhu,Xuan Teng,Erchao Duan,Fan Wang,Huan Zhang,Mingming Wu,Yuanyuan Hao,Xiaopin Zhu,Ruonan Jing,Xiuping Guo,Ling Jiang,Yihua Wang,Jianmi 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.1

Starch is a major storage substance in cerealgrains, and starch biosynthesis is a complex process. In orderto elucidate regulation of the starch biosynthesis pathway, wescreened a series of rice (Oryza sativa L.) endospermmutants. In this study, we identified a floury white-coreendosperm mutant named floury endosperm12 (flo12). Theflo12 mutant exhibited loosely packed starch granules and alower thousand kernel weight compared to wild type. Semithinsections revealed that compound starch grains (SG) inflo12 interior endosperm cells were developed abnormally. Furthermore, amylose content was decreased, while totalprotein content was significantly increased in flo12 grains. Map-based cloning showed that FLO12 encodes rice alanineaminotransferase 1 (OsAlaAT1). OsAlaAT1 is highly expressedin developing endosperm. Subcellular localization showedthat OsAlaAT1 is localized in the cytosol. Moreover, theexpression of most starch synthesis-related genes wasdecreased, while most of the storage protein coding geneshad elevated expression levels in the flo12 mutant. Inaddition, overexpression of the OsAlaAT1 gene increasedgrain weight. In brief, we demonstrated that OsAlaAT1regulates carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which provides anew insight for the improvement of rice quality and yield.

Application of Intraoperative Ultrasonography for Guiding Microneurosurgical Resection of Small Subcortical Lesions

Jia Wang,Yun You Duan,Xi Liu,Yu Wang,Guo Dong Gao,Huai Zhou Qin,Liang Wang 대한영상의학회 2011 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.12 No.5

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the clinical value of intraoperative ultrasonography for real-time guidance when performing microneurosurgical resection of small subcortical lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with small subcortical lesions were involved in this study. The pathological diagnoses were cavernous hemangioma in 25 cases, cerebral glioma in eight cases, abscess in eight cases, small inflammatory lesion in five cases, brain parasite infection in four cases and the presence of an intracranial foreign body in two cases. An ultrasonic probe was sterilized and lightly placed on the surface of the brain during the operation. The location, extent, characteristics and adjacent tissue of the lesion were observed by high frequency ultrasonography during the operation. Results: All the lesions were located in the cortex and their mean size was 1.3 ± 0.2 cm. Intraoperative ultrasonography accurately located all the small subcortical lesions, and so the neurosurgeon could provide appropriate treatment. Different lesion pathologies presented with different ultrasonic appearances. Cavernous hemangioma exhibited irregular shapes with distinct margins and it was mildly hyperechoic or hyperechoic. The majority of the cerebral gliomas displayed irregular shapes with indistinct margins, and they often showed cystic and solid mixed echoes. Postoperative imaging identified that the lesions had completely disappeared, and the original symptoms of all the patients were significantly alleviated. Conclusion: Intraoperative ultrasonography can help accurately locate small subcortical lesions and it is helpful for selecting the proper approach and guiding thorough resection of these lesions. Objective: We wanted to evaluate the clinical value of intraoperative ultrasonography for real-time guidance when performing microneurosurgical resection of small subcortical lesions. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with small subcortical lesions were involved in this study. The pathological diagnoses were cavernous hemangioma in 25 cases, cerebral glioma in eight cases, abscess in eight cases, small inflammatory lesion in five cases, brain parasite infection in four cases and the presence of an intracranial foreign body in two cases. An ultrasonic probe was sterilized and lightly placed on the surface of the brain during the operation. The location, extent, characteristics and adjacent tissue of the lesion were observed by high frequency ultrasonography during the operation. Results: All the lesions were located in the cortex and their mean size was 1.3 ± 0.2 cm. Intraoperative ultrasonography accurately located all the small subcortical lesions, and so the neurosurgeon could provide appropriate treatment. Different lesion pathologies presented with different ultrasonic appearances. Cavernous hemangioma exhibited irregular shapes with distinct margins and it was mildly hyperechoic or hyperechoic. The majority of the cerebral gliomas displayed irregular shapes with indistinct margins, and they often showed cystic and solid mixed echoes. Postoperative imaging identified that the lesions had completely disappeared, and the original symptoms of all the patients were significantly alleviated. Conclusion: Intraoperative ultrasonography can help accurately locate small subcortical lesions and it is helpful for selecting the proper approach and guiding thorough resection of these lesions.

Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF- κB/AQP8 pathway

Gang Wang,Peng-yu Duan,Yuan Ma,Xi-na Li,Feng-zhi Qu,Liang Ji,Xiao-yu Guo,Wang-jun Zhang,Fan Xiao,Le Li,Ji-sheng Hu,Bei Sun 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Currently, preliminary results have confirmed the existence of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent necroptosis of pancreatic acinar cells during early acute pancreatitis (AP), which might be a potential target for the effective regulation of necroinflammatory injury. However, the exact effect of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis on AP is still uncertain. In our study, we first explored the changes in the degree of local and systemic inflammation in AP rats when the activation of acinar cell RIPK1 was inhibited. The RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1 was used to treat rats, and the levels of related inflammatory markers, necrosis indicators and apoptotic indicators were measured. Changes in pancreatic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression were noted. Next, the expression of AQP8 in AR42J cells was inhibited, and the degree of cell necrosis and inflammatory damage was found to be significantly reduced. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 axis might be a potential regulatory pathway mediating RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis in early AP. Finally, we used the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and Nec-1 to treat rats in different groups and measured the degree of pathological pancreatic injury, the activation of RIPK1, and the expression of NF-κB and AQP8. In summary, we hypothesized that there might be a RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 pathway controlling RIPK1-dependent regulated necrosis of acinar cells in AP, which might be a promising therapeutic target against AP-related injury.