21세기 인성교육의 방향설정을 위한 이론적 기초 연구

강선보(Kang Sun-Bo),박의수(Park Eui-Soo),김귀성(Kim Gui-Sung),송순재(Song Sun-Jae),정윤경(Chung Yun-Kyoung),김영래(Kim Young-Rae),고미숙(Ko Mi-Suk) 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2008 敎育問題硏究 Vol.0 No.30

  인성과 인성교육의 개념은 현재 거의 합의가 이루어지지 못한 채 다양하게 쓰이고 있다. 인성교육이 제대로 이루어지기 위해서는 먼저 인성의 개념이 올바로 정립되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 동서양의 인성개념에 대한 철학적, 종교적 탐구를 바탕으로 하여 21세기 인간 삶의 상황을 고려한 인성의 개념을 새롭게 구상하고, 21세기형 인성교육의 방향을 정립하고자 하였다. 인성에 대한 이해는 다양하지만, 인성이라는 것은 인간이 도달해야 하는 이상적인 인간다운 성품, 인간본연의 모습이다. 우리는 인성을 이해하는데 있어 전통철학과 종교적 관점으로부터는 특히 초월성의 전망과 내면적인 변화를, 서양 철학의 현대적 관점으로부터는 특히 관계성과 전인의 측면을 추출해낼 수 있다. 21세기형 인성은 관계성, 도덕성, 전일성, 영성, 생명성, 창의성, 민주시민성을 두루 갖추어야 하며, 이러한 요소들이 상호 연관적으로 조화롭게 발달되도록 하는 교육이 이루어져야 한다. 21세기형 인성교육은 파편적이고 표피적인 측면에서 이해될 것이 아니라 본래의 마음을 회복하고자 하는 내면으로부터의 근본적인 변화에 근거해야 한다. 본 논문은 또한 21세기형 인성교육의 주요방향, 내용과 방법적 원리를 제시하였다.   The study tries to gain deeper understandings of human nature through investigating Oriental and Western notion for human nature in terms of historical, philosophical, religious and social perspectives; critically assesses the existing notion of human nature and the current situation, and tries to find an appropriate meaning of the 21st century human nature; establishes the valid direction of education for human nature. This study deals with Confucius, Buddhist, Christian and Taoist understandings of the notion of human nature from the religious angle. The study also investigates both ancient and modern conception of human nature in terms of philosophical perspective. We can learn the aspect of transcendentality and the internal change of human being in understanding the concept of human nature from religious standpoint. And, we can obtain the aspect of relationship and wholeness from modern standpoint. The meaning of human nature is a truly human character which a human being must attain. The components of 21st century human nature are this: relationship, morality, wholeness, spirituality, life and creativity. The 21st century education for the human nature is an intentional effort trying to develop the components of human nature fully to form character.

Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Caragana microphylla

Gui-Lin Jin,Cheng-Jian Zheng,Wen-Bo Xin,Zhu-Jun Mao,Pei-Xin Sun,Zhi-Xin Zeng,Lu-Ping Qin 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.6

Two new triterpenoid saponins, namely caraganoside C (1) and caraganoside D (2), were isolated from the seeds of Caragana microphylla. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including homo- and hetero-nuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC and HMBC). Both 1 and 2 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC_50 values of 26.4 μM and 32.2 μM, respectively. In addition, 1 showed weak cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HL-60, HCT116, and A549 cell lines.

Diagnostic Value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in Comparison to Bone Scintigraphy, CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET for the Detection of Bone Metastasis

Liu, Ning-Bo,Zhu, Lei,Li, Ming-Huan,Sun, Xiao-Rong,Hu, Man,Huo, Zong-Wei,Xu, Wen-Gui,Yu, Jin-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for detection of bone metastasis in comparison with the efficacies of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT, CT, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and conventional planar bone scintigraphy in a series of cancer patients. Methods: Five hundred and thirty patients who underwent both $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy within 1 month were retrospectively analyzed. The skeletal system was classified into 10 anatomic segments and interpreted blindly and separately. For each modality, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Bone metastases were confirmed in 117 patients with 459 positive segments. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than bone scintigraphy, CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET (P<0.05). On segment-based analysis, the sensitivity of CT, bone scintigraphy, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were 70.4%, 89.5%, 89.1% and 97.8%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The overall specificity and accuracy of the four modalities were 89.1%, 91.8%, 90.3%, 98.2% and 90.3%, 90.9%, 89.8%, 98.0%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The PPV and NPV were 89.8%, 87.6%, 85.6%, 97.2% and 85.6%, 93.2%, 92.8%, 98.6%, respectively. Three hundred and twelve lesions or segments were presented as lytic or sclerotic changes on CT images at the corresponding sites of increased $^{18}F$-FDG uptake. In lytic or mixed lesions, the sensitivity of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET were better than bone scintigraphy, while in osteoblastic lesions bone scintigraphy had a similar performance with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT but better than $^{18}F$-FDG PET alone. Conclusion: Our data allow the conclusion that $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT is superior to planar bone scintigraphy, CT or $^{18}F$-FDG PET in detecting bone metastasis. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT may enhance our diagnosis of tumor bone metastasis and provide more information for cancer treatment.

Immunization of BALB/c mice with Brucella abortus 2308DwbkA confers protection against wild-type infection

Zhi-qiang Li,Dan Gui,Zhi-hua Sun,Jun-bo Zhang,Wen-zhi Zhang,Hui Zhang,Fei Guo,Chuangfu Chen 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.4

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes animal and human diseases. Vaccination is a major measure for prevention of brucellosis, but it is currently not possible to distinguish vaccinated animals from those that have been naturally infected. Therefore, in this study, we constructed the Brucella (B.) abortus 2380 wbkA mutant (2308DwbkA) and evaluated its virulence. The survival of 2308DwbkA was attenuated in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and BALB/c mice, and it induced high protective immunity in mice. The wbkA mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon. Antibodies to 2308DwbkA could be detected in sera from mice, implying the potential for use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. The WbkA antigen would allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 2308DwbkA is a potential attenuated vaccine against 16M. This vaccine will be further evaluated in sheep.

Survival signal pathways as potential therapeutic targets in soft tissue and osteo sarcoma cell Lines

( Jung Woo Han ),( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Chan Hee Park ),( Gui Youn Lee ),( Hei-cheul Jeung ),( Jae Kyung Roh ),( Hyun Cheol Chung ),( Sun Young Rha ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

Survival signal pathways as potential therapeutic targets in soft tissue and osteo sarcoma cell lines

( Jung Woo Han ),( Bo Ram Kwon ),( Chan Hee Park ),( Gui Youn Lee ),( Hei Cheul Jeung ),( Jae Kyung Roh ),( Hyun Cheol Chung ),( Sun Young Rha ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Introduction Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignancies but have poor survival rate. The investigations for argeted therapy are underway but little is known about potential targets until now. We previously presented potential molecular targets in osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines (101st AACR annual meeting 2010, abstract No.2451). We tried to compare the protein and mRNA profilings between the OS and STS cell lines to suggest the feasibility for developing molecular targeted agents in STS. Methods We examined the protein expression of c Met, Akt, mTOR, and their phosphorylated status, and PTEN in seven OS (MG-63, HOS, KHOS/NP, SK-ES-1, U-2OS, Saos-2, and G-292) and five STS cell lines (SK-UT-1, A-673, SW-871, SW-982, HT-1080) using western blotting. The gene expression profilings of the cell lines were performed by 44K microarray (Agilent Inc.). Results Microarray data showed that whole genome expression pattern of STS was different from OS cell lines. But, the expressions of 94 mRNAs within the signal transduction pathways, which represent the currently utilized drug targets, revealed similar pattern between two groups of cell lines. To verify the possibility of developing molecular targeted agents in STS, we examined the activation patterns of signal transduction pathway proteins in each STS cell line. All STS cell lines except A-673 with low c-Met, but high p Met, expressed moderate level of c-Met and p-Met. PI3K was expressed in all cell lines, with higher p-PI3K in SK-UT-1 and A-673 than in other STS cell lines. All but SW-872 cell line expressed Akt, and SK-UT-1, SW-872 and HT-1080 had higher levels of p-Akt. SW872 showed negligible PTEN and high level of p-Akt. SW982 generally repressed level of p-Met, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR comparing with other STS cell lines. Meanwhile, mTOR and p-mTOR were expressed relatively even in all STS cell lines. Conclusion We presented that STS cell lines had variously activated signal pathway status as in OS cell lines. Common potential targets such as mTOR was revealed, and the specific targets including PI3K or Akt were also presented. It suggests the possibility of developing specific molecular targeted agents in each type of STSs.

일 대학병원 소아중환자실에서 Modified Glasgow Coma Scale 적용의 객관성 검증

송영주 ( Young Ju Song ),함귀선 ( Gui Sun Ham ),이선영 ( Sun Young Lee ),손인숙 ( Ihn Suk Son ),정유민 ( Yu Min Jung ),박보배 ( Bo Bae Park ),송민경 ( Min Kyung Song ) 서울대학교 간호과학연구소 2010 간호학의 지평 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Rapid and accurate assessment of impaired consciousness is very important, especially for critically ill patients. Therefore, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) has been widely adopted in the assessment of adult and pediatric comas. But the GCS should not be used for small children who show various normal responses according to their developmental stage. Therefore, the objectivity of pediatric coma measurements was verified by applying the modified GCS to patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a university hospital in Korea. Methods: The level of consciousness was evaluated for 200 cases who were admitted to a PICU from July 4, 2009 to September 18, 2009 and could show a verbal response, with our modified GCS for children. In addition, and we confirmed the frequency analysis and Kappa statistics with SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: Kappa statistics which show inter-observer reliability were very good for all components (eye opening, verbal, and motor score) and was good for total GCS scores. Conclusion: It is concluded that our modified GCS is reliable. Therefore, reliable assessment for the level of consciousness is clinically practicable if enough training is supported.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Alleviates Renal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Long, Rui-ting,Peng, Jun-bo,Huang, Li-li,Jiang, Gui-ping,Liao, Yue-juan,Sun, Hang,Hu, Yu-dong,Liao, Xiao-hui Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Alleviates Renal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Xiao-hui Liao,Rui-ting Long,Jun-bo Peng,Li-li Huang,Gui-ping Jiang,Yue-juan Liao,Hang Sun,Yu-dong Hu 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion processes that closely related to their function. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been demonstrated in acute kidney injury (AKI), which could eventually result in cell injury and death. Previously, we reported that augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) alleviates renal tubular epithelial cell injury. Here, we gained further insights into whether the renoprotective roles of ALR are associated with mitochondrial dynamics. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were examined in experimental models of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury in vitro, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission process protein 1 (MTFP1), two key proteins of mitochondrial fission, were downregulated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression additionally had an impact on phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637 during AKI. The inner membrane fusion protein, Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1), was significantly increased whereas levels of outer membrane fusion proteins Mitofusin-1 and -2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) were not affected in the Lv-ALR + HR group, compared with the control group. Furthermore, the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway was highly activated in the Lv-ALR + HR group. ALR overexpression led to suppression of HR-induced apoptosis. Our collective findings indicate that ALR gene transfection alleviates mitochondrial injury, possibly through inhibiting fission and promoting fusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane, both of which contribute to reduction of HK-2 cell apoptosis. Additionally, fission processes are potentially mediated by promoting tubular cell survival through activating the mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway.

노랑꽃창포와 창포를 이용한 수질 중 중금속 카드뮴 제거

이성춘(Sung Chun Lee),이승연(Seung Youn Lee),정보영(Bo Young Jung),조유선(Yoo Sun Jo),김귀순(Gui Soon Kim),김완순(Wan Soon Kim),이정식(Jeong Sik Lee) 한국원예학회 2009 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2009 No.5