BMP test를 통한 음폐수와 하수슬러지의 병합소화 특성 평가

이수영ㆍ윤영삼ㆍ강준구ㆍ김기헌ㆍ신선경(Su young LeeㆍYoung Sam YoonㆍJun Gu KangㆍKi Heon KimㆍSun Kyoung Shin) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.1

혐기성 소화의 주요 조건 중 하나인 C/N비의 경우 하수슬러지는 5.40으로 낮게 나타난 반면 음폐수(Food waste leachate)는 21.84로 높게 나타났다. C/N비가 낮을 경우 혐기성소화의 저해 요인으로 작용될 수 있기 때문에 음폐수의 높은 유기물 농도 및 C/N 비를 활용하여 메탄가스 발생량 증가시킬 수 있었다. Tchobanoglous이 제안한 이론적 메탄가스 발생량 예측수식을 적용하여 메탄 및 바이오가스 발생량을 산정한 결과 하수슬러지 단일 혐기소화의 경우 305.6 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 689.4 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄, 바이오가스가 발생하였고 음폐수 : 하수슬러지를 1:9로 혼합한 시료는 약 322 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 3:7시료에서는 약 354 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS, 5:5시료에서는 약 386 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄가스가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. BMP 실험 결과 1:9, 3:7, 5:5 비율로 병합 처리한 경우 각각 약 233, 298, 344 mLㆍCH4/gㆍVS의 메탄가스가 발생하였다. 따라서 음폐수의 혼합비율이 높아질수록 메탄가스 발생량은 증가하였고 하수슬러지와 음폐수의 혼합 비율에 따른 병합처리 시 하수슬러지 단독처리에 비해 다량의 메탄가스가 발생되었다. BMP 실험을 통해 생산된 메탄가스의 누적생산 곡선을 Modified Gompertz model과 first order kinetic model에 적용하여 추정한 결과, 메탄생성량은 Modified Gompertz model에서는 238.5, 302.3, 353.6 mL/gㆍVS 발생하였고 first order kinetic model에서는 242.8, 312.5, 365.5 mL/gㆍVS로 음폐수와의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며, 최대 메탄생성속도의 경우 3:7비율에서 48.2 mL/gVSㆍday로 최대 메탄생성 속도를 보였다. first order kinetic model의 1차 반응속도상수 k값은 1:9, 3:7, 5:5 비율에 따라 0.32, 0.22, 0.08day-1 나타났다. 1차 반응속도 상수의 경우 음폐수의 혼합비율이 낮을수록 높게 나타났다. Modified Gompertz와 first order kinetic model 모두 실험결과를 잘 모사하였으며, 실험결과와 모의결과의 적합도를 나타내는 상관계수(R2)의 경우 0.92∼0.98으로 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. We mix food waste leachate and sewage sludge by the proportion of 1:9, 3:7 and 5:5. It turns out that they produced 233, 298 and 344 CH4ㆍmL/gㆍVS of methane gas. The result suggests that as the mixing rate of food waste leachate rises, the methane gas productions increases as well. And more methane gas is made when co-digesting sewage sludge and food waste leachate based on the mixing ratio, rather than digesting only sewage sludge alone. Modified Gompertz and Exponential Model describe the BMP test results that show how methane gas are produced from organic waste. According to the test, higher the mixing rate of food waste leachate is, higher the methane gas productions is. The mixing ratio of food waste leachate that produces the largest volume of methane gas is 3:7. Modified Gompertz model and Exponential model describe the test results very well. The correlation values(R2) that show how the results of model prediction and experiment are close is 0.92 to 0.98.

Sol-Gel방법에 의해서 성장시킨PbTiO₃박막의 결정화와 물리적 성질

구영진,강민진,정원태,김태현,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin films coated on SiO2/Si(100) and ITO glass substrates were prepared by sol-gel processing of metal alkoxide solutions and solvents. The use of sol-gel method for preparing various functional films makes it possible for the homogeneous distribution of elements at the molecular level, precise composition control, lower temperature synthesis, large surface coating and high optical quality. First of all, the XRD investigation shows that perovskite phase of polycrystalline PbTiO3 was formed by four times coating of the concentrated solution and by the heat treatment over 500, 600℃(O2 gas and air) and over 10, 20, 30 min. Surfaces of thin films were crack-free and uniform and the average grain size investigated by SEM was 0.25∼1.00 ㎛. Dielectric constant of PbTiO3/ITO glass thin film were 380 ∼ 5.25 in the region of 1 kHz∼ 10 MHz at room temperature(30℃), respectively. From the hysteresis loop of PbTiO3/ITO glass thin film, a remnant polarization of 0.382 μC/cm2 and a coercive filed of 23.85 kV/cm were obtained. At the frequency(5 kHz), C-V measurements of films in MFIS and MFM configurations showed well-behaved C-V characteristics and an injection type hysteresis. The capacitance of flat band(CFB) was 60 pF. The band gap energies of the thin films depend on the assumption of direct or indirect transition. Using one layer structure model, we calculated refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption coefficient and band gap energy of thin film in the wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm. The band gap energy, refractive index and extinction coefficient at λ = 6325 Å of the PbTiO3 thin film were 3.7 eV, 1.96 and 0.1 respectively.

들깨 종자 코팅의 폴리머 및 고형물질이 발아력에 미치는 영향

강점순,손병구,최영환,안종길 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of seed coating is to make seedling mechanization possible by enlarging the seed size. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum of polymer and particulate matters for seed coating in perilla. There were significant differences of percent germination and germination speed in accordance with the coating polymer and the concentration. Among the coating polymer, germination of seeds using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was generally smooth, and followed by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and methyl cellulose (MC). The germination rate was also different according to the coating particulate matters. Generally, percentage germination and germination speed of seeds using the mixture of diatomaceous earth, talc and bentonite were higher and faster than using other coating materials, respectively. However, percentage germination using limestone was low, and percent germination of coated seeds with coating material showed the tendency of decreasing more than that of the seeds just added with coating particulate matters.

내시경적 점막절제술로 치험한 식도 과립상 세포종 1례

강혁주,김성욱,최석진,이중현,장재식,서영범,윤병구,박건욱,김성자,김용섭,강승완,이구,양창헌,이창우,김욱년,이광헌,서정일 동국대학교 의학연구소 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

과립상 세포종은 Schwann 세포 기원으로 생각되며 인체에 비교적 드물게 발생한다. 과립상 세포종은 전신 어느 곳에서나 발견될 수 있으나 주로 혀, 구강, 피부 혹은 유방 등에서 호발하며 드물게 위장관에서 발견된다. 위장관에서는 식도에서 가장 호발하며 다음으로 위, 대장 순이다. 과립상 세포종은 대부분, 특히 위장관에서는 양성이며 소수의 악성 병변이 보고되었다. 이러한 이유와 함께 수술 전의 진단이 어렵기 때문에 과립상 세포종에 대한 근본적인 치료는 현재까지 외과적 절제술이다. 최근에 시도되는 치료방법들로는 내시경적 레이저 치료, 용종절제술, 내시경적 점막 절제술 등이 있다. 저자들은 상부 소화관 내시경검사를 시행하여 식도 과립상 세포종을 진단하고 내시경적 점막 절제술을 시행하여 합병증 없이 퇴원하여 현재 재발없이 경과 관찰중인 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Granular cell tumors, which occur infrequently, are probably of Schwann cell origin. They can occur almost anywhere in the body but usually affect the tongue, oral cavity, skin, or breasts and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tracts. The esophagus is the most frequent gastrointestinal site, followed by the stomach and the colon. Granular cell tumors are generally benign, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, some malignant lesions have been reported. For this reason, and also because preoperative diagnosis is difficult, the standard treatment for granular cell tumor has until now been surgical excision. In recent years, other therapeutic methods is endoscopic laser therapy (ELT), polypectiomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). We report a case of esophageal granular cell tumor which was diagnosed by an endoscopy and managed using an endoscopic mucosal resection without complication.

日本經濟의 長期的 低成長과 政策對應

姜盈求,梁恒鎭 진주여자전문대학 2001 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The Japanese economy have fallen in long-run stagnation since 1990's. So this article would like to suggest two cause about the long-run stagnation and policy responses in Japanese economy during the 1990s. From the viewpoint of the long-run stagnation, First, In middle of 1989 the bank of Japan started to raise interest rates so as to calm the asset price inflation which had started in the middle of 1980s. After the asset price bubble was bursted, stock and land prices started falling extremely. Finally, the uncertainty of the future as the collapse of bubble caused to lower the consumer spending and the corporate investment. Second, During the asset price bubble, the banks lent a large amounts of money to firms using land as collateral. With the steady fall in land price since the collapse of the asset price bubble, many of these loans have stopped performing. And accumulation of bad loans in financial institution gave rise to instability of financial system, which is induced to a bad effect and the long-run stagnation. At that time, the stimulative steps of Japanese government used to improve economic recovery with a number of policy packages in the financial and fiscal sectors during the 1990s. Although the Japanese government had unveiled a number of fiscal packages aimed at reviving the economy over the 1990s, most of these packages contained a limited effect. The stimulative steps of Japanese policy have no effect in this country owing to the slump of the asset prices, the reduction of the consumer spending enthusiasm and corporate investments in the beginning of the 1990s. It seemed that the steps had trend to recover Japanese economy temporarily in the middle of 1990s, but Japanese economy have fallen extremely recession again and again by fiscal reform in 1997. After that time, this situation is continued until now. Finally, this article is to present some suggestive point of policies in establishing a stable growth basement without a bubble phenomenon in our economy from the Japanese s experience.

EC統合이 域外國에 미치는 影響과 우리의 對應策에 관한 硏究

姜盈求,李載達 진주여자전문대학 1991 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The efforts to expand world trade liberalization has been being the most important tasks over the whole world after the second World War. Through these exertions, we could attain world economic welfare and efficient distribution during the two dacades, from the 1950s. But we couldn't have so satisfactory free trade systems that any countries intend to pursuit regional free trade system which was based upon the interregional agreement to the mutual nondiscrimination discipline Like this, ecoomic integration and regionalism appeared at the latter of the 1950s. To help understanding of this paper, I'd like to draw an outline the contents of this paper Chapter one is a simple overview of this paper as an introduction and shows the purpose, the way and scope of this And chapter two is the general theory and deals with significance and form of economic integration. Chapter three handled rationale, the present condition, advancement and difficulties for the EC integration Chapter four reviewed the economic effect as a consequence of EC integration Finallly, at the last chapter I have a mind to summarize this study and feel like making a proper conclusion. In this paper, I would like to survey the actual state of EC market integration which will be completed as an single market in Europe until the year 1992 and to suggest that we should make arrangement for the proper counter-policies to the EC integration. Conclusively, our counter-policies of the EC integration is as follows ; First, we should secure the vested rights before the completion of EC single market, because the mutualism of EC will be more widely expanded than ever lasted so far forth Therefore, we should broaden the potentiality which will continue to work together with EC countries. Second, our corporates should consider standardization of goods and consumer's preference in the European countries, and then should establish new internationalization strategies. Third, because European countries shall improve the competitiveness of almost all the goods and services, our enterprises should try to extend foreign direct investment and to raise competitiveness of owr commodities to the EC.

지속성 외래 복막투석환자에서 발생한 장간막경색증 1예

강동구,이준상,윤재호,장원철,조영일,송종호,전혜정 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

The mesenteric infarction, as a abdominal disease which show acute abdominal pain and almost need to emergency operation, has very high mortality. This mesenteric infarction has been reported very rarely. Also specific clinical manifestations are not clear, therefore initial diagnosis can be missed easily so that patients usually miss their opportunities for adequate treatment. Especially CAPD patients have high mortality because of their rareness and having similar symptoms like CAPD peritonitis. The authors report that the mesenteric infarction was miss-diagnosed to the CAF'D peritonitis with unspecific symptoms.

國際貿易에 있어서 EDI의 法的 諸問題와 活性化 方案에 따른 考察

강영구 진주여자전문대학 1996 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The device of international trade has been established in the middle of the 19th century after the Industrial Revolution and also has been predominantly a safe and reliable means of transactin until today. With the extension of international trade scale, Electronic Data Interchange(ED1) was devised to simplify trade procedures and reduce the expense. ED1 means a method of electronic information transmission that the parties to contract can supersede traditional trade transactions without the re-input process of data between computers. ED1 system will cause considerable changes in international trade patterns based on traditional trade documents when it is widely used in the near future. The Purpose of this study is to research the expecting legal problems and commercial problems of ED1 message compared with traditional documents and possible solutions to them. First, now most traders have the only superficial knowledge and understanding of it, although the ED1 message has been parties used in trade business, Under the existing circumstances, one of most important tasks is how to simplify and standardize ED1 message. Second, there are some legal problems whether it has same legal function, like traditional trade documents, though ED1 message is the transaction of paperiness. Third, a sales contract is conclude on the principle of mutal agreement. It is apparent that the concept of arrival is applied to the data and place in the conclusion of a sales contract though the ED1 message. Fourth, there exist problems according to the performance of a contract in international trade. Electronic B/L which has title of document was suggested within the CMI rules and has made up the Crisis of traditional paper B/L. Fifth, in conclusion of a sales contract through the ED1 message, unexpected obstacles may arise due to the problems of the system or transmission. Therefore, the acknowledgement of receipt between contracting parties is necessary against unexpected troubles. Finally, the systematical device for the use of EDI message are as follows: ① It is necessary to have acknowledgement for the peculiarity and interest of relating industry and to have a new recognition that can adjust them and take a decisive introduction of EDI. ② It should be supported all cost for employee's software and administrative supports to spread ED1 message, namely, there might be some methods such as low-interest founds by long-tenn credit for the development fund of user's software and a special loan for the purchase of software. ③ It is essential to establish the intended business, the method of business conduct and ED1 system which can give a maximum satisfaction to the user. And it is necessary to support the training of experts and public relations through the cooperation between organizations. ④ It should be continuously and technically done research on, not temporary, the study of ED1 message form the views of legal and commerce.

들깨 종자의 생장조절제 처리가 발아에 미치는 영향

강점순,최영환,손병구 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

The effect of plant growth regulators on perilla(Perilla ocymoides L.) germination was evaluated in the laboratory at 15℃, 20℃ and 25℃. Seeds of perilla cultivars 'Ipdulgge', 'Miryang', 'Yeupsil', 'Jukjaso' and 'Chungjaso' were dark-treated in varied level solution of gibberellic acid(GA3), 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) and combined GA3 with BAP for a 1 day at 20℃. The effect of plant growth regulators varied among cultivar. Plant growth regulators treated did not affect percentage germination of all perilla seeds, but showed shorter number of days to 50% of the final germination(T50) and mean number of days to germination(MDG) than those untreated seeds. The germination behavior of all cultivar was highly correlated with plant growth regulators kinds and their concentrations. GA3 had to improve germination in 'Miryang', 'Yeupsil', 'Jukjaso' and 'Chungjaso', but the effect varied with applying level. GA3 250μ M treatment showed higher percent germination and shorter T50 and MDG of 'Ipdulgge' perilla than those of untreated, when the seeds were germinated at 15℃ , 20℃ and 25℃. When plant growth regulator treatment in 250μ M GA3 + 250μ M BAP of 'Miryang', in 250μ M GA3 of 'Yeupsil' and 'Chungjaso', and 100μ M GA3 + 100μ M BAP of 'Jukjaso' perilla seeds exhibited a faster rate of germination then those untreated seeds.

敎師들의 社會體育 參與와 職務滿足度와의 關係

姜鍾求,文泳來 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1995 敎育論叢 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this was to investigate the relationship between the degree of job satisfaction and physical activity participation of teachers. To research of this title, the sample consisted of 300 males and 200 females among 500 teachers who continue physical activity in various sports clubs and they were tested by MSQ job satisfaction questionnaire standardized by Lofquist (1967) On the result through statistical analysis for data collected from this investigation, the conclusions were as follows ; 1. There was significant difference in degree of job satisfaction among age groups of teachers action physically, and the more aged, the degree of job satisfaction they felt. 2. There was no significance difference in degree of job satisfaction between sex groups of teachers acting physically. 3. There was significance difference in degree of job satisfaction among exercise groups of teachers acting physically, and 6months were selected to the exercise duration effected on the degree of job satisfaction. 4. There was significance difference in degree of job satisfaction among execise frequency groups of teachers acting physically, and 1 time/week was selected to the exercise frequency effected on the degree of job satisfaction. Therefore the degree of job satisfaction was acted on exercise regularity rather than exercise frequency. 5. There was no significance difference in degree of job satisfaction between exercise type groups of teachers action physically. 6. There was no significance difference in the effect of interaction between exercise type and exercise duraion duration in the result of this study.