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RPL Objective Function for Multihop PLC Network
Park, Mingyu,Jeong, Gunmo,Gnawali, Omprakash,Paek, Jeongyeup 한국통신학회 2023 Journal of communications and networks Vol.25 No.1
The increasing number of devices in the Internetof things (IoT) is beginning to exhaust the wireless channel. As an alternative, power line communication (PLC) appearspromising and has the potential of providing easy deploymentat low cost. On one hand, PLC resembles wireless low-powerand lossy networks (LLN). Its performance is time-varying andsensitive to noise, interference, and asymmetry owing to co-existing electronic appliances. However, when running the stan-dard IPv6 routing protocol for LLN (RPL) on PLC, the networksuffers significant reliability loss because RPL does not reflectthe unique characteristics of PLC. To address this problem,we propose PLC-OF, an objective function (OF) for RPL overPLC. PLC-OF exploits PLC’s physical layer (PHY) diversity asa routing metric distinct from other approaches in wireless. PLC-OF finds the most suitable path to prepare for suddeninterference or congestion in power lines. Evaluation results fromreal testbed experiments show that PLC-OF better tolerates noisymedium compared to existing objective functions. Particularly,PLC-OF has better reliability (≈10%) and robustness with lesschannel usage (≈30%) than that of ETX-based MRHOF in highlycongested environments.
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Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan,Ebrahim, Nasser B.,Gnawali, Shreejana Elsevier 2018 Child abuse & neglect Vol.76 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We examined the prevalence of child maltreatment as measured by the level of physical (moderate to severe) and emotional abuse and child labor, and the associated household level determinants of child maltreatment in Nepal. We used a nationally representative data set from the fifth round of the Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (the 2014 NMICS). The main independent variables were household level characteristics. Dependent variables included child experience of moderate to severe physical abuse, emotional abuse, and child labor (domestic work and economic activities). Bivariate analyses and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between independent and dependent variables. The results showed that nearly half of the children (49.8%) had experienced moderate physical abuse, 21.5% experienced severe physical abuse, and 77.3% experienced emotional abuse. About 27% of the children had engaged in domestic work and 46.7% in various economic activities. At bivariate level, educational level of household’s head and household wealth status had shown significant statistical association with child maltreatment (p<0.001). Results from multivariate logistic regressions showed that higher education levels and higher household wealth status protected children from moderate to severe physical abuse, emotional abuse and child labor. In general, child maltreatment is a neglected social issue in Nepal and the high rates of child maltreatment calls for mass awareness programs focusing on parents, and involving all stakeholders including governments, local, and international organizations.</P>
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Predictive Data Delivery to Mobile Users Through Mobility Learning in Wireless Sensor Networks
HyungJune Lee,Wicke, Martin,Kusy, Branislav,Gnawali, Omprakash,Guibas, Leonidas IEEE 2015 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.64 No.12
<P>We consider applications, such as indoor navigation, evacuation, or targeted advertising, where mobile users equipped with a smartphone-class device require access to sensor network data measured in their proximity. Specifically, we focus on efficient communication protocols between static sensors and users with changing location. Our main contribution is to predict a set of possible future paths for each user and store data at sensor nodes with which the user is likely to associate. We use historical data of radio connectivity between users and static sensor nodes to predict the future user-node associations and propose a network optimization process, i.e., data stashing, which uses the predictions to minimize network and energy overheads of packet transmissions. We show that data stashing significantly decreases routing cost for delivering data from stationary sensor nodes to multiple mobile users compared with routing protocols where sensor nodes immediately deliver data to the last known association nodes of mobile users. We also show that the scheme provides better load balancing, avoiding collisions and consuming energy resources evenly throughout the network, leading to longer overall network lifetime. Finally, we demonstrate that even limited knowledge of the location of future users can lead to significant improvements in routing performance.</P>
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Social Adjustment for Undocumented Migrant Workers in South Korea: Role of Religious Institutions
Madhu Sudhan Atteraya,Jung Ji Myoung,Dong Eun Lee,Jun Hang Ryun,Shreejana Gnawali 계명대학교 국제학연구소 2015 국제학논총 Vol.23 No.-
This study explores the difficulties faced by undocumented migrant workers in the context of a lack of institutional welfare support. The study then explores the role that religious institutions play in the social adjustment of undocumented migrant workers to difficult life situations. In order to explore the social adjustment of undocumented migrant workers, we conducted observational field work and in-depth interviews of undocumented migrant workers and Buddhist and Christian social welfare service providers. We found that faith-based organizations with their own purposes and goals are active in social service delivery for undocumented migrant workers. Undocumented migrant workers have been supported by religious institutions through improvements to their work-related quality of life and to their living conditions. The study finds that support from faith-based organizations is structured within the principles of the organization’s religion, and social services are limited to what falls within these boundaries.
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