Effect of Counter-doping Thickness on Double-gate MOSFET Characteristics

George James T,Saji Joseph,Vincent Mathew 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.2

This paper presents a study of the influence of variation of counter doping thickness on short channel effect in symmetric double-gate (DG) nano MOSFETs. Short channel effects are estimated from the computed values of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Two dimensional Quantum transport equations and Poisson equations are used to compute DG MOSFET characteristics. We found that the transconductance (gm) and the drain conductance (gd) increase with an increase in p-type counter-doping thickness (Tc). Very high value of transconductance (gm= 38 mS/㎛) is observed at 2.2 ㎚ channel thickness. We have established that the threshold voltage of DG MOSFETs can be tuned by selecting the thickness of counter-doping in such device.

Tunable photophysical properties of phenyleneethynylene based bipyridine ligands

James, P.V.,Yoosaf, K.,Kumar, Jatish,Thomas, K.George,Listorti, Andrea,Accorsib, Gianluca,Armaroli, Nicola Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.10

A bipyridine-based system with phenyleneethynylene at the 4,4' positions (1) and its p-methyl (2) and p-methoxy (3) substituted derivatives were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling reactions. The photophysical properties of 1-3 and their related $H^+$ and $Zn^{2+}$ adducts (1:$H^+$-3:$H^+$ and 1:$Zn^{2+}$-3:$Zn^{2+}$) were investigated, as a function of solvent polarity, by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Molecular systems 1-3 exhibit trans conformation, whereas adducts with $H^+$ and $Zn^{2+}$ are conformationally locked cis species. The unsubstituted compound 1 emits at 360 nm with low fluorescence quantum yield (${\Phi}_{fl}$ = 0.2%) regardless of the solvent polarity. Fluorescence spectra of 2 and 3 are bathochromically shifted in polar solvents, and the p-methoxy (3) derivative possesses ${\Phi}_{fl}$ as high as 12%. Complexation of 1-3 with $H^+$ or $Zn^{2+}$ in acetonitrile causes red-shift of the lowest energy absorption bands, whereas dramatic changes of the emission properties are found as a function of the electron donating ability of the substituents on the phenyleneethynylene moiety ($-CH_3$ or $-OCH_3$), suggesting a charge-transfer character of the lowest electronic transition of 1-3. 1:$H^+$, 1:$Zn^{2+}$, 2:$H^+$ and 2:$Zn^{2+}$ exhibit intense fluorescence with ${\Phi}_{fl}$ up to 33% (1:$Zn^{2+}$) whilst 3:$H^+$ and 3:$Zn^{2+}$ are found to be weakly emissive. The singlet radiative and non-radiative rate constants of compounds and complexes were determined, along with triplet parameters, via phosphorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. More conclusive evidence regarding the protonation of bipyridine nitrogen atoms of compounds 1-3 were obtained through $^1H$ NMR titration studies. These studies indicate that the conjugate molecular systems based on 2,2'-bipyridine and phenyleneethenylenes possess tunable optical properties which can be further utilized for preparing organic and inorganic luminophores with potential application in optoelectronic systems.

Teacher Gender and Student Achievement in English Language Arts, Math and Science in Nigerian Junior Secondary Schools

James S. Etim,Alice S. Etim,George Heilman APEC국제교육협력원 2019 Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal Vol.15 No.1

It is generally believed that teachers are important both to student learning and achievement. Apart from teacher qualification and experience, some studies have shown that teacher gender may relate significantly to student achievement. The purpose of the study was to find out the following- (a) Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in English Language Arts at the junior secondary school level? (b). Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in Mathematics at the junior secondary school level? (c) Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in Biology at the junior secondary school level? Data was obtained from 570 students in seven junior secondary school students in South-East area of Nigeria. An analysis of data showed the following- In the English Language Arts area, and at the junior secondary school level, female students performed significantly higher than male students under a female teacher and male students performed better (but not statistically significant) under male teachers. In the area of Mathematics, female students performed significantly higher under male teachers. Based on the findings, recommendations were made on improving the teaching of English Language Arts, Mathematics and Integrated Science in Nigerian junior secondary schools.

Role of Mitochondrial Lactate Dehydrogenase and Lactate Oxidation in the Intracellular Lactate Shuttle

( George A. Brooks ),( Herve Dubouchaud ),( Marcia Brown ),( James P. Sicurello ),( C. Eric Butz ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 1999 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.11 No.1

To evaluate the potential role of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in tissue lactate clearance and oxidation in vivo, isolated rat liver, cardiac, and skeletal muscle mitochondria were incubated with lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, and succinate. As well, a-cyano-4-hydroxycin-namate (CINN), a known monocarboxylate transport inhibitor, and oxamate, a known LDH inhibitor were used. Mitochondria readily oxidized pyruvate and lactate, with similar state 3 and 4 respiratory rates, respiratory control (state 3ystate 4), and ADPyO ratios. With lactate or pyruvate as substrates, a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate blocked the respira-tory response to added ADP, but the block was bypassed by addition of glutamate (complex I-linked) and succinate (complex 11 linked) substrates. Oxamate increased pyruvate (`10-40%), but blocked lanctate oxidation. Gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy indicated LDH isoenzyme distribution patterns to display tissue specificity, but the LDH isoenzyme patterns in isolated mitochondria were distinct from those in surrounding cell compartments. In heart, LDH-1 (H4) was concentrated in mitochondria whereas LDH-5 (M4) was present in both mitochondria and surrounding cytosol and organelles. LDH-5 predominated in liver but was more abundant in mitochondria than elsewhere. Because lactate exceeds cytosolic pyruvate concentration by an order of magnitude, we conclude that lactate is the predominant monocarboxylate oxidized by mitochondria in vivo. Mammalian liver and striated muscle mitochondria can oxidize exogenous lactate because of an internal LDH pool that facilitates lactate oxidation.

Optogenetic probing of functional brain circuitry : Optogenetic circuit breaking

Mancuso, James J.,Kim, Jinsook,Lee, Soojung,Tsuda, Sachiko,Chow, Nicholas B. H.,Augustine, George J. Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing -The Physiol 2011 Experimental physiology Vol.96 No.1

Aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol over bifunctional catalysts

김용태,( James A. Dumesic ),( George W. Huber ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a platform technology for conversion of biomass feedstocks into a range of fuels and chemicals including C1-C6 alkanes, C1-C6 mono-alcohols, C2-C6 polyols, and larger intermediate. The combination of metal and acid sites on the bifunctional catalytic system is important to tune the ratio of C-O bond to C-C bond cleavage during HDO reactions. The challenge with HDO is to selectively produce targeted products that can be used as fuel blendstocks and chemicals tuned by chemistry and reaction engineering. Understanding the reaction networks in HDO has aided in the design of efficient bifunctional catalysts. In this presentation we will discuss the differences between two fundamentally different classes of bifunctional metal-acid catalysts and show how we can modify HDO reaction.

Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Surgical Approaches and Associated Complications

Jeffery Head,George Rymarczuk,Geoffrey Stricsek,Lohit Velagapudi,Christopher Maulucci,Christian Hoelscher,James Harrop 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.3

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare but potentially devastating cause of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Decompressive surgery is the standard of care for OPLL and can be achieved through anterior, posterior, or combined approaches to the cervical spine. Surgical correction of OPLL via any approach is associated with higher rates of complications and the presence of OPLL is considered a significant risk factor for perioperative complications in DCM surgeries. Potential complications include dural tear (DT) and subsequent cerebrospinal fluid leak, C5 palsy, hematoma, hardware failure, surgical site infections, and other neurological deficits. Anterior approaches are technically more demanding and associated with higher rates of DT but offer greater access to ventral OPLL pathology. Posterior approaches are associated with lower rates of complications but may allow for continued disease progression. Therefore, the decision to pursue either an anterior or posterior approach to surgical decompression may be critically influenced by complications associated with each procedure. The authors critically review anterior and posterior approaches to surgical decompression of OPLL with particular focus on the complications associated with each approach. We also review the recent work in developing new surgical treatments for OPLL that aim to reduce complication incidence.

Threshold Voltage Control through Layer Doping of Double Gate MOSFETs

Saji Joseph,George James T,Vincent Mathew 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.3

Double Gate MOSFETs (DG MOSFETs) with doping in one or two thin layers of an o therwise intrinsic channel are simulated to obtain the transport characteristics, threshold voltage and leakage current. Two different device structures- one with doping on two layers near the top and bottom oxide layers and another with doping on a single layer at the centre- are simulated and the variation of device parameters with a change in doping concentration and doping layer thickness is studied. It is observed that an n-doped layer in the channel reduces the threshold voltage and increases the drive current, when compared with a device of undoped channel. The reduction in the threshold voltage and increase in the drain current are found to increase with the thickness and the level of doping of the layer. The leakage current is larger than that of an undoped channel, but less than that of a uniformly doped channel. For a channel with p-doped layer, the threshold voltage increases with the level of doping and the thickness of the layer, accompanied with a reduction in drain current. The devices with doped middle layers and doped gate layers show almost identical behavior, apart from the slight difference in the drive current. The doping level and the thickness of the layers can be used as a tool to adjust the threshold voltage of the device indicating the possibility of easy fabrication of ICs having FETs of different threshold voltages, and the rest of the channel, being intrinsic having high mobility, serves to maintain high drive current in comparison with a fully doped channel.

Donor Bone Marrow Infusion in Deceased and Living Donor Renal Transplantation

Gaetano Ciancio,George W.Burke,Jang Moon,Rolando Garcia-Morales,Anne Rosen,Violet Esquenazi,James Mathew,Yide Jin,Joshua Miller 연세대학교의과대학 2004 Yonsei medical journal Vol.45 No.6

Antiproliferative Activities of Parthenolide and Golden Feverfew Extract Against Three Human Cancer Cell Lines

Changqing Wu,Feng Chen,James W. Rushing,Xi Wang,김현진,George Huang,Vivian Haley-Zitlin,Guoqing He 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.1

The medicinal herb feverfew [Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.] has long been used as a folk remedyfor the treatment of migraine and arthritis. Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, is considered to be the primary bioactivecompound in feverfew having anti-migraine, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we determined, throughin vitrobioassays, the inhibitory activity of parthenolide and golden feverfew extract against two human breast cancer celllines (Hs605T and MCF-7) and one human cervical cancer cell line (SiHa). Feverfew ethanolic extract inhibited the growthof all three types of cancer cells with a half-effective concentration (EC50) of 1.5 mg/mL against Hs605T, 2.1 mg/mL againstMCF-7, and 0.6 mg/mL against SiHa. Among the tested constituents of feverfew (i.e., parthenolide, camphor, luteolin, andapigenin), parthenolide showed the highest inhibitory effect with an EC50 against Hs605T, MCF-7, and SiHa of 2.6 .g/mL,2.8 .g/mL, and 2.7 .g/mL, respectively. Interactions between parthenolide and flavonoids (apigenin and luteolin) in fever-few extract also were investigated to elucidate possible synergistic or antagonistic effects. The results revealed that apigeninand luteolin might have moderate to weak synergistic effects with parthenolide on the inhibition of cancer cell growth ofHs605T, MCF-7, and SiHa.