유니버설(Universal)과 어포던스(Affordance)관점에서 지하철 진입시설 디자인 연구 - 노인 행동 지원성 중심으로 -

진고은 ( Gening Chen ),남경숙 ( Nam Kyung Sook ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.7

(연구배경 및 목적) 도시의 발전에 따라 공공 공간에서 노약자에 대한 배려와 특수 디자인을 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 노인은 우리 사회를 구성하는 중요한 구성원이며, 그들의 삶이 좋거나 나쁘거나 한 나라의 발달 수준을 반영하며, 사람들 삶의 행복의 중요한 지표가 되고 있다. 한국의 경우, 지난 2000년 65세 이상 인구 비율이 7.2%에 이르러 '고령화 사회'에 들어섰고, 2017년에는 이 비율이 14.3%가 되어 '고령사회'에 진입하였으며, 2026년에는 20.8%로 초 고령사회에 도달할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 도시 지하철 시설은 도시 공중교통의 중요한 부분으로서 기본적인 기능성을 충족시키는 것 외에 소외계층 및 특수계층의 사용을 고려해야 한다. 오늘날의 디자인은 노인들의 심리감각을 완전히 고려하지 않고 있으므로 합리적인 디자인은 이런 차별을 없애고 평등을 이루어야 하는 것이다. 연구의 목적은 유니버설과 어포던스 디자인의 개념과 노인을 위한 환경디자인에 관하여 이론적으로 고찰하고, 노인들의 외출 편의를 위한 지하철 진입 시설을 개선한 사례를 유니버설과 어포던스 디자인 관점에서 분석함으로써, 향후 노인이 행복한 생활환경과 심리적 환경 조성을 위한 방안을 제시한다. (연구방법) 첫째, 선행연구의 문헌적 조사를 통하여 유니버설디자인과 어포던스 디자인의 이론을 정립하였다. 둘째, 실증적 조사를 통하여 현재 사용되고 있는 지하철 환승역 중 환승선 4개 이상의 4곳 (왕십리, 청량리, 춘천선, 공덕) 중 제일 대표적인 왕십리 지하철 역사의 진입시설에 대한 사용자퍼소너 조사 분석을 통하여 문제점과 사용자의 요구를 도출하였다. 또한 위 도출된 사항과 노인의 행동 특성을 관찰하고 지하철시설 디자인을 위한 유니버설디자인과 어포더스 디자인 가이드라인을 적용한 체크리스트를 구축하여 이를 통하여 지하철 시설디자인 개선안은 퍼소나를 적용하여 사용을 평가한다. (결과) 행동 불편한 노인>휠체어 사용한 노인 순서이고, 특성별로는 기능적 지원성>접근성>안전성>수용성 순서로 선호하였다. 어포던스디자인 퍼소나 분석결과는 건강한 노인>행동 불편한 노인>휠체어 사용한 노인 순서이고 특성별로는 기능적 피드백>제약성>가시성>대응성 순서로 선호하였다. 인터뷰를 통해 진입시설 만족도는 에스컬레이터>무장애 엘리베이터>계단>휠체어 리프트순서로 도출하였다. (결론) 공간 환경에 있어서의 어포던스는 인간 과대상 간의 상호 보완적인 관계로, 단순한 인과 관계가 아닌 복잡한 인간과 환경 간의 불확정된 상호교류로 나타난다. 더 나은 상호교류의 과정이 있기 위해서는 노인의 행동특성을 잘 파악하고, 노인의 신체와 마음의 특성을 연구하고, 설계 과정에서 사람을 충분히 고려함으로써 설계의 목적을 달성할 수 있어야 한다. (Background and Purpose) With the development of cities, special designs that consider the needs of the elderly can be easily found in public spaces. Old people constitute an important part of our society, and their living conditions, good or bad, reflect the development level of a country. In Korea, the ratio of people aged 65 or older reached 7.2% in 2000, which is expected to reach 14.3% in the coming year to become an "aged society" in 2017 and reach 20.8% in 2026. After 2020, the elderly population will grow rapidly, accounting for more than one-third of the entire population by 2050. Urban subway facilities are an important part of urban air traffic, and in addition to meeting basic functionality, they should consider the needs of the underprivileged and special classes. The current design does not fully take into account the psychological sensibilities of older people, so a truly rational design should eliminate this discrimination and achieve equality. The purpose of the study is to theoretically consider the concept of a universal and environment-friendly design for the elderly, and to analyze the cases of improving subway entry facilities for the convenience of elderly people, thus presenting a room for the future elderly to foster happy living and psychological environment. (Method) First, the theory of a universal design and apposance design was established through a literature survey of previous research. Second, through empirical investigation, four or more transit lines among the subway transit stations currently in use on the market (Wangsimni, Cheongryangni, Chuncheon Line, Gongdeok) were analyzed for problems and user demands. This was done by analyzing the user's personality on the entry facilities of Wangsimni Subway Station. Moreover, the subway facility design improvement plan is evaluated by applying the process of persona building after observing the behavior characteristics of the elderly and establishing a checklist with the Universal Design and Appliances Design Guidelines for the design of subway facilities. (Results) The elderly preferred to use wheelchairs in order of their behavior, and functional support> accessibility> safety> water-soluble order by nature. The results of the application design persona or analysis were preferred by the order of healthy old people> behaving uncomfortable senior citizens> wheelchair-bound senior citizens and functional feedback> pharmacy> visibility> response by characteristic. Through the interview, the level of satisfaction in the entry facility was derived in the order of escalators, fireplace elevators, stairs, and wheelchairs. (Conclusions) To create a better process of mutual exchange, the purpose of the design needs to be achieved by understanding the behavioral characteristics of the elderly, studying the characteristics of the body and mind of the elderly, and fully considering people in the design process.

Research on Crack Propagation Simulation of Mental Construction of Bridge Crane Based on Damage Mechanics

Xiaogang Qu,Gening Xu,Xiaoning Fan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.7

Risk assessment of remanufacturing arm structure for crane based on potential failure mode

Qing Dong,Gening Xu,Huili Ren 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.12

For the risk of remanufacturing arm structure with multi-coupling defects and the correlation and influence between risks factors, thejib structure risk evaluation theory based on improved DEMATEL method (JSRET-IDM) is presented to build a risk assessment modelfor jib structure in accordance with potential failure modes and to develop a risk assessment system of remanufacturing jib structures formobile crane. Failure performance datum of jib structure in service being collected, researched, and analyzed, the mechanical property,notch-crack and welding performance are backdated under characteristic parameters and typical service conditions to set up the failuremodes database. Testing positions and points can be determined according to the database. The direct and indirect influence fuzzy relationmatrixes between testing points or evaluation indexes are established by IDM to deduce influence matrixes and affected matrixes ofevery evaluation index, aiming at obtaining the centrality and reason degree being used to determine weighting factor of each index basedupon making an analysis of the correlation and influence of the indexes. Accordingly, combined with FSET, the failure risk can be easilyquantified. Using it as a base, the risk system is developed to realize the real-time, accurate and rapid assessment of the failure risk for jibstructure. Taking QY130 remanufacturing arm structure as an example, the effectiveness and scientificity of the proposed method andsystem are verified.

Identification and Characterization of a Bidirectional Promoter from the Intergenic Region between the Human DDX13 and RD Genes

Lee, Seong-Gene,Song, Kyuyoung Korean Society of Molecular Biology 2000 Molecules and cells Vol.10 No.1

Genomic Organization of the Human DDX13 Gene Located between RD and RP1 in the Class III MHC Complex

Lee, Seong-gene,Song, Kyuyoung Korean Society of Molecular Biology 1997 Molecules and cells Vol.7 No.3

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat 단백에 의한 인간 CD99유전자의 조절기전에 대한 연구

이유진,김예리,이미경,이임순,Lee, Eu-Gene,Kim, Ye-Ri,Lee, Mi-Kyung,Lee, Im-Soon 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.4

HIV에 감염된 환자의 경우 다양한 종류의 암이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 암종의 높은 발생률의 원인으로, 감염에 의한 면역세포의 감소 및 결핍과 같은 간접적인 이유 뿐 아니라, HIV 바이러스 단백질의 발현이 직접적으로 병의 발생에 관여한다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 HIV 환자에서 높게 나타나는 암의 발생에 대한 기전을 이해하기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 유전자와, 다수의 암 발생과 관련이 있는 세포막단백 CD99와의 관계를 규명하였다. 먼저 CD99의 발현에 미치는 Tat의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 발현 안정화 세포주를 확립하고 Tat 단백에 의한 CD99 유전자의 발현 양상 변화를 분석하였다. 실험결과 Tat의 발현에 의하여 CD99 유전자의 발현이 활성화되는 것이 관찰되었으며 이와 반대로 STAT3의 발현은 낮아졌다. CD99 프로모터는 CpG 함량이 높기 때문에 Tat 단백이 DNA 메칠화를 통해서 CD99 유전자의 발현을 조절하는지 확인하기 위하여 methylation specific PCR을 수행하였고 Tat의 발현이 높은 곳에서 특이적으로 CD99 프로모터 부위가 탈메칠화되는 것을 발견하였다. Tat 발현 세포에서만 특이적인 발현 차이를 보이는 유전자 분석을 위한 Differentially Expressed Gene keratin 17과 collagen, type IV 증가됨이 확인되었다. 위의 결과는 HIV Tat 단백이 직접 세포 단백들을 조절하여 암을 발생시킬 수 있다는 보고를 뒷받침한다. HIV affects many organ systems. Patients with HIV infection have substantially increased risk of developing various cancers, primarily by opportunistic infection with oncogenic viruses due to their immunocompromised status. However, extensive evidence also indicates that the viral protein, Tat itself, may playas a major factor in the development of AIDS-related neoplasms. The molecular mechanism underlying Tat's oncogenic activity may include deregulation of cellular genes. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of HIV-l Tat on CD99 as one of the target cellular genes, which is a well-known tumor marker in several cancers. By using established HeLa clones that are stably expressing Tat, we found that CD99 is upregulated by endogenous Tat, whereas STAT3 is down regulated. Upon the screening of genes differentially expressed between Tat-stable cells and the control cells by using the gene fishing technique, DEG, we detected 3 genes which expression is affected by the presence of Tat. Furthermore, the methylation specific PCR analysis of the stably Tat expressing cell lines revealed that the CD99 promoter is de methylated in the presence of Tat. Taken together, these results open a potential role of CD99 in AIDS-related oncogenesis via epigenetic regulation by HIV-1 Tat.

Aik Sang Busik System내의 종속영양세균의 분포 및 특성에 관한 연구

정팔진,김성진,김민정 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Aik Sang Busik System(ASBS) was developmented in Japan. In currently, this system is operating at many night soil treatment plants in our country. The purpose of this study is to exame the effects of heterotrophic bacteria on the aeration basin of this system to remove organic compounds. As a result of tests, isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 115 genes. The predominant gene is Acaligenus spp which about 32 percent of isolated genes. Because the floc foming bacteria of isolated heterotrophic bacteria are about 54 percent, a major removal mechanism for organic compounds in this system depends on the floc foming bacteria. The total amount of hetrotrophic bacteria is 2.32×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, which is a little lower than that in the activated sludge system. As liquid degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.57×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are 1.22×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖10^7, protein degradable heterotrophic bactera are 1.48×10 exp (7) c.f.u/㎖, The distribution of liquid, protein, carbohydrate degradable heterotrophic bacteria are similar to that of the sludge system.

Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Mapping and Tagging SNP Selection of C-Fos Induced Growth Factor (Figf) Gene in Korean Population

Kim, Sook,Yoo, Yeon-Kyung,Jang, Hye-Yoon,Shin, Eun-Soon,Cho, Eun-Young,Kim, Eu-Gene,NamKung, Jung-Hyun,Yang, Jun-Mo,Lee, Jong-Eun The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2006 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.2 No.1

We performed comprehensive SNP validation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis of the c-fos induced growth factor (Figf) gene in Korean population. Out of 32 SNPs, only 9 SNPs were polymorphic in Korean population. Validated SNPs formed a single extended haplotype block with strong LD through the entire length of the gene. Tagging SNP analysis picked only 2 SNPs to represent most of the genetic variation information of the Figf gene. Our results demonstrate the utility of LD block and tagging SNP analysis for an efficient way of performing a candidate gene based association study.

Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

Kwon, Sun-Jung,Jeon, Tae-Hyeon,Seo, Dong-Wook,Na, Moon-Joon,Choi, Eu-Gene,Son, Ji-Woong,Yoo, Eun-Hyung,Park, Chang-Gyo,Lee, Hoi-Young,Kim, Ju-Ock,Kim, Sun-Young,Kang, Jae-Ku The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

Quantitative PCR for Etiologic Diagnosis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit

( Sun Jung Kwon ),( Taeh Yeon Jeon ),( Dong Wook Seo ),( Moon Joon Na ),( Eu Gene Choi,),( Ji Woong Son ),( Eun Hyung Yoo ),( Chang Gyo Park ),( Hoi Young Lee ),( Ju Ock Kim ),( Sun Young Kim ),( Jae 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to 1×104 CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to 1×105 CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.