Content Analysis of Employment Exams for Secondary English Teachers in Korea from 2009 to 2017

Ga-Hyang Na 한국영어평가학회 2017 영어평가 Vol.12 No.1

This study is aimed at investigating the content of Employment Exams for Secondary English Teachers in Korea based on Target Language Use (TLU). This paper examined whether Employment Exams headed towards the right direction regarding their content from 2009 to 2017. A survey was given to 41 English teachers and 66 English teacher candidates to investigate their ideas about usefulness of Employment Exam. Based on the survey results and theoretical background, this study conducted quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The researcher sorted a total of 309 items in the exams from 2009 to 2017 according to their item types and academic fields. Each year of the exams was then analyzed for their exam format, the ratio of pedagogical and curriculum content, and the ratio of the four academic fields. These aspects were utilized to investigate the examination trend and reliability of the exams for nine years. Also, this study examined the usefulness of items in Employment Exam in 2017 in terms of their construct validity, authenticity, and interactiveness. Findings and new insights from the research results are suggested.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Y-type Nonlinear Optical Polyester Containing Cyanovinylthiophene with Enhanced Thermal Stability of Second Harmonic Generation

Ga-Young Lee,Jin-Hyang Kim,Han-Na Jang,Dong-Seon Won,Hyo Jin No,이범구,Hee-Dok Choi 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.3

1-{2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thienyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give novel Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(2,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are parts the polymer backbones. Polymer 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed thermal stability up to 300 oC in thermogravimetric analysis with glasstransition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 134 °C . The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.74 x 10-9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the glass-transition temperature (Tg), and there was no SHG decay below 135 oC because of the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Fasting Glucose is a Useful Indicator for Cerebrovascular Risk in Non-Diabetic Koreans: Association With Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

( Jae Hyang Lee ),( So Ra Yoon ),( Ga Yoon Na ),( Mira Jun ),( Mok Ryeon Ahn ),( Jae Kwan Cha ),( Oh Yoen Kim ) 한국임상영양학회 2016 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.5 No.1

Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with incidence of cerebro-/cardio-vascular diseases. This study hypothesized that fasting glycemic status may reflect cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic Koreans. Fasting glycemic status, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were measured in non-diabetic subjects (healthy controls, n = 112 and stroke n = 41). Systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterols were lower in patients with stroke than healthy controls. Fasting glucose positively correlated with hs-CRP, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oxidizedlow density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde. The significances continued or at least turned to a trend after adjustments for confounding factors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fasting glucose was mainly associated with cerebrovascular risk (ß``-coefficient = 0.284, p < 0.0001) together with age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, body mass index, dietary poly unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA), and HbA1C (r2 = 0.634, p = 0.044). The subjects were subdivided by their fasting glucose levels [normal fasting glucose: 70-99 mg/dL, n = 91 [NFG-control] and n = 27 [NFG-stroke]; higher fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL, n = 21 [HFG-control] and n = 14 [HFG-stroke]). In both controls and stroke patients, HFG groups show higher triglyceride, total- and LDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol than NFG groups. Control-HFG group showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than control NFG group. Stroke-HFG group also showed significantly higher inflammatory levels than stroke-NFG group, moreover the highest among the groups. Additionally, stroke-NFG group consumed higher PUFA/SFA than stroke-HFG group. Fasting glucose may be a useful indicator for cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals which may be mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation status.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Y-type Nonlinear Optical Polyester Containing Cyanovinylthiophene with Enhanced Thermal Stability of Second Harmonic Generation

Lee, Ga-Young,Kim, Jin-Hyang,Jang, Han-Na,Won, Dong-Seon,No, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Ju-Yeon,Rhee, Bum-Ku,Choi, Hee-Dok Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.3

1-{2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thienyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give novel Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(2,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are parts the polymer backbones. Polymer 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed thermal stability up to 300 ${^{\circ}C}$ in thermogravimetric analysis with glasstransition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 134 ${^{\circ}C}$. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient ($d_33$) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.74 x $10^{-9}$ esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the glass-transition temperature ($Tg$), and there was no SHG decay below 135 ${^{\circ}C}$ because of the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.

Glycated Hemoglobin is a Better Predictor than Fasting Glucose for Cardiometabolic Risk in Non-diabetic Korean Women

( So Ra Yoon ),( Jae Hyang Lee ),( Ga Yoon Na ),( Yu Jeong Seo ),( Seong Ho Han ),( Min-jeong Shin ),( Oh Yoen Kim ) 한국임상영양학회 2015 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.4 No.2

This study aimed to investigate if glycated hemoglobin (HgbA1C) as compared to fasting blood glucose is better for reflecting cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Korean women. Fasting glucose, HgbA1C and lipid profiles were measured in non-diabetic women without disease (n = 91). The relationships of fasting glucose or HgbA1C with anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, and liver and kidney functions were analyzed. Both fasting glucose and HgbA1C were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.287, p = 0.006; r = -0.261, p = 0.012), and positively correlated with age (r = 0.202, p = 0.008; r = 0.221, p = 0.035), waist circumference (r = 0.296, p = 0.005; r = 0.304, p = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.206, p = 0.050; r = 0.225, p = 0.032), aspartate transaminase (AST) (r = 0.237, p = 0.024; r = 0.368, p < 0.0001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (r = 0.296, p = 0.004; r = 0.356, p = 0.001), lipid profiles including triglyceride (r = 0.372, p < 0.001; r = 0.208, p = 0.008), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.315, p = 0.002; r = 0.373, p < 0.0001) and total cholesterol (r = 0.310, p = 0.003; r = 0.284, p = 0.006). When adjusted for age and body mass index, significant relationships of DBP (r = 0.190, p = 0.049), AST (r = 0.262, p = 0.018), ALT (r = 0.277, p = 0.012), and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.202, p = 0.049) with HgbA1C were still retained, but those with fasting glucose disappeared. In addition, the adjusted relationships of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol with HgbA1C were much greater than those with fasting glucose. These results suggest that glycated hemoglobin may be a better predictor than fasting glucose for cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Korean women.

Low-FODMAP Formula Improves Diarrhea and Nutritional Status in Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition

( So Ra Yoon ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Jae Hyang Lee ),( Ga Yoon Na ),( Seung Hye Kim ),( Kyun Hee Lee ),( Yoon Bok Lee ),( Gu Hun Jung ),( Oh Yoen Kim ) 한국정맥경장영양학회 2015 한국정맥경장영양학회 학술대회집 Vol.2015 No.-

Background & Aims: Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) are poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates that play an important role in inducing functional gut symptoms. A low-FODMAP diet improves abdominal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. However, there is no clinical intervention study for the effect of FODMAP content on gastrointestinal intolerance (GI) and nutritional status in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN). Therefore, we investigated the effect of EN formulas containing different FODMAP contents on GI and nutritional status in patients receiving EN through the randomized, multicenter, double-blind, 14-day clinical trial. Methods: Eligible hospitalized patients receiving EN (n=95) from 10 hospitals in Busan and its environs were randomly assigned to three groups; 84 patients completed the trial (low-FODMAP EN, n=30; moderate-FODMAP EN, n=28; high-FODMAP EN, n=26). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured; stool assessment was performed using the King’s Stool Chart and clinical definitions. Results: Baseline values were not significantly different among the three groups. After the 14-day intervention, diarrhea was significantly improved in the low-FODMAP group (73.3%) than in the moderate- (33.3%) and high-FODMAP (30.8%) groups (P=0.046). King’s Stool scores were significantly reduced in the low-FODMAP group compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). BMI increased significantly in the low- and high-FODMAP groups over the course of the intervention (P<0.05 for both), and showed a trend toward increasing in the moderate-FODMAP group (P<0.10). Serum prealbumin increased significantly in all groups by day-14; by day-3, it had increased to the levels at day-14 in the low-FODMAP group. At day-14, serum transferrin had increased significantly in the moderate-FODMAP group. When subjects were classified by condition (unimproved, no-symptom, diarrhea-improved, and constipation-improved), BMI increased significantly in all groups except the unimproved. Prealbumin levels significantly increased in the diarrhea-improved group at day-3 and day-14, and in the constipation-improved group at day-14. Transferrin levels significantly increased in the diarrhea-improved group at day-14. Conclusion: Low-FODMAP EN may improve diarrhea, leading to improved nutritional status and facilitating prompt recovery from illness.