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선희식(Hee Sik Sun),김부성(Boo Sung Kim),정인식(In Sik Chung),이영석(Young Dok Lee),최명규(Myung Gyu Choi),한석원(Sok Won Han),양일권(Il Kwon Yang),곽문섭(Moon Sup Kwak),이홍균(Hong Kyun Lee) 대한소화기학회 1989 대한소화기학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Non-malignant esophagorespiratory fistula is uncommon in adults. Among them, tuberculosis is the leading etiologic agent while traurnatic cases are increasing. Other less common causes are syphilis, fungal infection and esophageal diverticulum. We present a case of non-malignant esophagobronchial fistula through mid-esophageal diverticulum found in 50 year-old man who complained of chronic coughing, right lower chest pain and frequent episodes of paroxysmal coughing and choking sensation after food intake. Esophagography, fiberoptic esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy could visualise the fistulous tract through the mid-esophageal diverticulum. After surgical repair including fistulectomy, diverticulectomy with esophageal repair, and segmental lobectomy, he became well.
Porous Polyimide Membranes Prepared by Wet Phase Inversion for Use in Low Dielectric Applications
Kim, Soohyun,Jang, Keon-Soo,Choi, Hee-Dok,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Kwon, Seong-Ji,Kim, Il-Doo,Lim, Jung Ah,Hong, Jae-Min Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.14 No.5
<P>A wet phase inversion process of polyamic acid (PAA) allowed fabrication of a porous membrane of polyimide (PI) with the combination of a low dielectric constant (1.7) and reasonable mechanical properties (Tensile strain: 8.04%, toughness: 3.4 MJ/m<SUP>3</SUP>, tensile stress: 39.17 MPa, and young modulus: 1.13 GPa), with further thermal imidization process of PAA. PAA was simply synthesized from purified pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4-oxydianiline (ODA) in two different reaction solvents such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and <I>N</I>-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), which produce M<SUB>w</SUB>/PDI of 630,000/1.45 and 280,000/2.0, respectively. The porous PAA membrane was fabricated by the wet phase inversion process based on a solvent/non-solvent system via tailored composition between GBL and NMP. The porosity of PI, indicative of a low electric constant, decreased with increasing concentration of GBL, which was caused by sponge-like formation. However, due to interplay between the low electric constant (structural formation) and the mechanical properties, GBL was employed for further exploration, using toluene and acetone <I>vs.</I> DI-water as a coagulation media. Non-solvents influenced determination of the PAA membrane size and porosity. With this approach, insight into the interplay between dielectric properties and mechanical properties will inform a wide range of potential low-k material applications.</P>
한국인의 기능성 위장관장애의 진단에 있어서 로마기준2의 유용성
지상원 ( Sang Won Ji ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ),최재필 ( Jae Phil Choi ),이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ),이덕용 ( Dok Yong Lee ),이상인 ( Sang In Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.3
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether symptoms of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) can be classified according to the Rome II criteria. Methods: Consecutive patients newly visiting Yongdong Severance Hosipital for evaluation of their gastrointestinal symptoms were recruited. Factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters of the patients with FGIDs. Results: Among 274 patients, 207 patients (75.5%) had FGIDs. Thirty-nine of the 207 patients (18.8%) without organic diseases did not fulfill symptom duration defined by Rome II criteria, and other 168 patients (81.2%) satisfied the Rome II criteria. Factor analysis of symptoms of 168 patients indicated the symptoms of FGIDs such as globus, functional heartburn, dysmotility-like dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, functional abdominal pain, functional fecal incontinence, and levator ani syndrome. Functional dysphagia and aerophagia could be regarded as one factor and functional vomiting and acid reflux could be merged as another factor. The proportions of patients suffering from functional esophageal, gastroduodenal, abdominal pain, bowel and anorectal disorders were 18.5%, 41.7%, 2.4%, 60.7% and 3.0%, respectively. Forty-one patients (24.4%) suffered from more than two symptoms of FGIDs, which belonged to the different anatomic region. Conclusions: The Rome II criteria could be applied to Korean patients with FGIDs. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:183-189)
Lee, Ga-Young,Kim, Jin-Hyang,No, Hyo Jin,Lee, Ju-Yeon,Rhee, Bum Ku,Choi, Hee-dok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.47 No.7
<P>1-{3,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give a new Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(3,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thiophenyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbones. Polyester 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone. Polymer 7 showed a thermal stability up to 300 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature (T<SUB>g</SUB>) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 126 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d<SUB>33</SUB>) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.57 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP> esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the T<SUB>g</SUB>, and there was no SHG decay below 125 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1911–1919, 2009</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>We prepared a new Y-type polyester 7 containing 1-(3,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thiophenyl)}ethenyl groups as pendant NLO-chromophores, which are parts of the polymer backbones. The resulting polymer 7 showed a thermal stability up to 300 °C in TGA thermogram with T<SUB>g</SUB> value from DSC thermogram around 126 °C. The SHG coefficient (d<SUB>33</SUB>) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was near 6.57 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP> esu. The polymer exhibits SHG stability up to T<SUB>g</SUB> and no significant SHG decay was observed below 125 °C. This enhanced thermal stability of optical nonlinearity stemmed from the stabilization of dipole alignment of the NLO-chromophores, which were parts of the polymer main chains. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-7-POLA23295-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-7-POLA23295-gra001'> </P>
Ga-Young Lee,Jin-Hyang Kim,Han-Na Jang,Dong-Seon Won,Hyo Jin No,이범구,Hee-Dok Choi 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.3
1-{2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thienyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give novel Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(2,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are parts the polymer backbones. Polymer 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed thermal stability up to 300 oC in thermogravimetric analysis with glasstransition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 134 °C . The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.74 x 10-9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the glass-transition temperature (Tg), and there was no SHG decay below 135 oC because of the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.
Won, Dong-Seon,Kim, Jin-Hyang,No, Hyo Jin,Cho, You Jin,Lee, Ju-Yeon,Rhee, Bum Ku,Choi, Hee-Dok John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2010 Polymer international Vol.59 No.2
<P>Stabilization of electrically induced dipole alignment is one of the important criteria in the development of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers for electro-optic device applications. Polyurethanes for NLO applications have attracted attention because of their high thermal stability due to hydrogen bonding. In the work reported here, we designed and synthesized a new type of NLO polyurethane, in which the pendant NLO chromophores are part of the polymer backbone. This mid-type NLO polymer is expected to have the merits of both main-chain and side-chain NLO polymers, namely stable dipole alignment and good solubility. 1-[3,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-(2-thienyl)ethene was prepared and condensed with 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenylenediisocyanate to yield a polyurethane. This polyurethane was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give a novel Y-type polyurethane (7) containing 1-(3,4-dioxyphenyl)-2-[5-(1,2,2-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl]ethenes as NLO chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone. Polyurethane 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280 °C from thermogravimetric analysis with a glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry of ca 162 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d<SUB>33</SUB>) of a poled polymer film of he polyurethane at 1560 nm fundamental wavelength is ca 1.11 × 10<SUP>−18</SUP> C. Polymer 7 exhibits an enhanced thermal stability and no significant SHG decay is observed below 150 °C, which is acceptable for NLO device applications. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A novel Y-type polyurethane containing 1-(3,4-dioxyphenyl)-2-{5-(1,2,2-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl}ethenes as NLO-chromophores exhibited SHG coefficient (d<SUB>33</SUB>) of 1.11 × 10<SUP>−18</SUP> C at 1560 nm fundamental wavelength with enhanced thermal stability of SHG up to 150°C, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications. <img src='wiley_img/09598103-2010-59-2-PI2702-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/09598103-2010-59-2-PI2702-gra001'> </P>