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전두수(Doo Soo Jeon),정해억(Hae Uk Chung),승기배(Ki Bae Seung),강동헌(Dong Hun Kang),김상우(Sang Wo Kim),김용주(Young Ju Kim),채장성(Jang Sung Chae),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),홍순조(Soon Jo Hong),최규보(Kyu Bo Choi) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.6
N/A Objectives: Cardiogenic shock resulting from acute myocardial infarction is a serious complication with high mortality. The early identification of patients at high risk of developing post-infarction cardiogenic shock might allow early intervention in an attempt to prevent cardiogenic shock and to reduce the mortality due to cardiogenic shock. The aim of the present study was to examine the risk factors of inhospital development of cardiogenic shock among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: We studied 152patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to Kang-Nam St. Mary's hospital within 24hours after the onset of chest pain and did not have cardiogenic shack on admission between March 1991 and May 1994. Clinical data of these patients were analyzed. Results: Of 152patients, 17(11.1%) developed cardiogenic shock during their hospital stay. Cardiogenic shock developed in 53% of cases more than 24hours after admission. 82.4% of patients with cardiogenic shock died whereas a 6.7% in-hospital mortality was found among patients without cardiogenic shock. Multivariate regression analysis that controlled for variables affecting incidence of postinfarction cardiogenic shock showed that independent risk factors for in-hospital cardiogenic shock were history of myocardial infarction (adjusted relative odds[RO]=5.294, 95% confidence interval[CI]=2.149 to 13.041); heart failure on admission (RO=3.344, 95% CI=1.738 to 6.432); hyperglycemia (>180mg/dl) in non-diabetic patients (RO=3.270, 95% CI=1,590 to 6.727); age over 70 year old (RO=2.912, 95% CI= 1.816 to 4.668); ST deviation over 4mm (RO=2.417, 95% CI=1.225 to 4.767); peak LDH level greater than 1600U/ml (RO=1.154, 95% CI=1.080 to 1.233). Patients with one independent risk factor had an estimated probability of 10.5% for developing inhospital cardiogenic shock; patients with two independent risk factors, 48.5%, patients with three risk factors, 65.0% patients with four risk factors, 65.7% patients with five risk factors, 67.2%. Conclusion: Of post-infarction cardiogenic shock during admission, 53% developed more than 24hours after admission. The more independent risk factors on admission for inhospital cardiogenic shock patients with acute myocardial infarction had, the more likely in-hospital cardiogenic shock developed.
Kang, Doo Hyung,Jeong, Woo Jin,Lee, Jaehyun,Shin, Mincheol IEEE 2019 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.55 No.4
<P>Employing a macrospin simulation and the Technology-Computer-Aided-Design device simulator, we calculated the output voltage of serially connected spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) integrated directly on a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET). Synchronization of the STNOs is induced by both electrical and magneto-dipolar couplings between the STNOs. In this model, the voltage across the load resistance connected to the STNOs in series acts as the gate voltage of the MOSFET. We revealed that the voltage gain of the STNOs directly integrated on the MOSFET is determined by combining the gain of the synchronized STNOs and MOSFET amplifier, and consequently, the output power of the STNOs is significantly enhanced. In addition, the output voltage of the synchronized STNOs depended on the load resistance.</P>
Synchronization of Spin Hall Oscillators With Magnetodipolar Coupling
Kang, Doo Hyung,Park, Seung-Young,Shin, Mincheol IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.52 No.12
<P>We have found that the stacked spin Hall oscillator (SHO) based on the spin Hall effect and anisotropy magnetoresistance is synchronized via magnetodipolar interaction calculated with consideration of the shape of the SHO. Employing a macrospin simulation approach, we have obtained the boundary separating the synchronized and nonsynchronized states as a function of the difference in the natural frequency between two SHOs. We have also found that the emitted microwave power is enhanced by synchronization of a larger number of SHOs. It is anticipated that the results will be tested with existing experimental techniques.</P>
Phase difference dependence of output power in synchronized stacked spin Hall nano-oscillators
Hyung, Kang Doo,Mincheol, Shin IOP 2018 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.30 No.28
<P>Synchronization between stacked spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNO), attributed to the spin Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance effect, was studied by numerical calculations. In order to obtain the synchronized state of the SHNOs, we considered the magneto-dipolar field, which was calculated in the rectangular prism. We revealed that the output power depended on the distance between the SHNOs, as the phase difference between the SHNOs depended on the coupling strength. For <I>N</I> = 3 (number of SHNOs), we investigated the phase difference by considering the influence of the coupling strength of all magnetic layers. Furthermore, we observed that the output power increased with the number of SHNOs in the synchronization system.</P>
객담 전처리 방법에 따른 객담 항산균 도말 및 배양 양성률 비교연구
강형석 ( Hyung Seok Kang ),성낙문 ( Nack Moon Sung ),이선숙 ( Sun Sook Lee ),김도형 ( Do Hyung Kim ),전두수 ( Doo Soo Jeon ),황수희 ( Soo Hee Hwang ),민진홍 ( Jin Hong Min ),김진희 ( Jin Hee Kim ),원영섭 ( Young Sub Won ),박승규 ( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2008 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.65 No.5
연구배경: NaOH (sodium hydroxide) 기법을 이용한 전처리 객담과 NALC-NaOH (N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide) 기법을 이용한 객담의 항산균 도말 및 결핵균 배양 양성률 그리고 배지 오염률을 비교하여 실험실 검사과정 중의 일부분을 개선함으로써 검사 결과의 개선이 가능한 지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 6월부터 2008년 6월까지 국립마산병원에서 객담 검사가 시행된 환자를 대상으로 환자에게서 객담배출 요령을 충분히 교육한 후 두개의 객담 검체를 채취하여 통상적인 NaOH 기법과 NALC-NaOH 기법을 각각 적용한 후 도말 및 배양 결과 그리고 배지 오염률을 비교하였다(n=436). 결과: 항산균 도말 검사에서는 NaOH 기법에 비하여 NALC-NaOH 기법이 다소 높은 양성률(33.0% vs. 39.0%)을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다(p=0.078). 결핵균 배양 검사에서는 배지 오염률(culture contamination)은 각각 3.2%와 3.0%로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 배양 양성률은 NALC-NaOH 기법이 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 배양 양성률(39.7% vs. 28.0%, p=0.0003)을 보였으며, 배양 결과를 도말 검사 결과와 연관 지어 분석하였을 때 도말 검사상 음성인 경우 NaOH 기법과 NALC-NaOH 기법은 각각 7.2%와 15.8% (p=0.0017), scanty를 보인 객담의 경우 각각 42.9%와 60.8% (p=0.036)의 배양 양성률을 보여 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 결론: 도말 검사에서 음성이나 scanty를 보여 상대적으로 결핵균의 수가 적은 객담의 경우 NALC-NaOH를 이용함으로써 배양 양성률을 개선 시킬 수 있었으며 이는 임상적으로 폐결핵의 진단과 치료 경과 관찰에 직접적인 도움을 줄 수 있음을 보여주었다. Background: Sputum decontamination with NALC-NaOH (N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide) is known to better detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) by culture than that with using NaOH, which is widely used in Korean hospitals. In this report, sputum samples collected from pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients were treated with either NaOH or NALC-NaOH, and we compared the results of smear and culture positivity to determine whether the NALC-NaOH treatment method improves culture positivity in the sputum samples, and especially for those sputum samples that are smear negative and scanty. Methods: For each decontamination method, 436 sputum samples from pulmonary TB patients in the National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital were collected for this study. Sputum from a patient was collected two times for the first and second day of sampling time, and these samples were employed for the decontamination process by performing the 4% NaOH and NALC-2% NaOH treatment methods, respectively, for detecting M. tb by an AFB (Acid Fast Bacilli) smear and also by culture in solid Ogawa medium. Results: The NaOH and NALC-NaOH treatment methods did not significantly affect the AFB smear positivity of the sputum samples (33.0% vs 39.0%, respectively, p=0.078). However, the culture positive percents of M. tb in the Ogawa medium treated with NALC-NaOH and NaOH were 39.7% and 28.0%, respectively, which was a significantly different (p=0.0003). This difference in culture was more prominent in the sputum samples that were smear negative (the positive percents with NALC-NaOH and NaOH were 15.8% and 7.2%, respectively, p=0.0017) and scanty (NALC-NaOH and NaOH were 60.8% and 42.9%, respectively, p=0.036), but not for a smear that was 1+ or higher (p>0.05). Conclusion: NALC-NaOH treatment is better than NaOH treatment for the detection of M. tb by culture, but not by smear, and especially when the AFB smear is negative and scanty. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;65:379-384)