Seasonal phenology and damage by Singapora shinshana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and other leafhoppers on ornamental trees in Korea

Kim Hyun‐guk,Kabir Md. Faisal,An Hyeon Jeong,Mwamula Abraham Okki,Oh Sumin,Jung Sunghoon,Lee Dong Woon 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.9

Singapora shinshana is a leafhopper native to mid-Asia with a specific host range and is one of the least studied species within the genus. Recently, the species has been found to cause significant damage to host plants including ornamental trees, normally inflicted by its sucking behavior. This study uncovered more details on host and season preference of S. shinshana, damage potential and symptoms caused by its feeding behavior on ornamental trees in Korea, in addition to other records of other leafhoppers of economic importance. During the sticky trap survey period from 2017 to 2019, 12 leafhopper species were recovered from the eight selected ornamental tree species. Singapora shinshana was the most dominant species, constituting 94.8% of the total collected leafhopper population; with its highest incidence observed on Prunus serrulata, followed by Elaeagnus umbellata and Pseudocydonia sinensis. The high abundance on P. serrulata correlated with high damaged leaf percentages of 94.2%, 95.2%, and 98.1% in October 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Interestingly, in terms of damaged leaf percentage, Rosa hybrida and Zelkova serrata were the second and third most damaged hosts despite the significantly lower population of the leafhopper on these trees. Furthermore, S. shinshana counts increased from late-July to late-September, with the peak evident during early August. Prunus serrulata can therefore be taken as one of the main host plants of S. shinshana. However, the potential of the host to suffer damage is not limited to population densities of the pest alone but also susceptibility and tolerance of the host plant.

김정일정권의 체제유지 전략 : 선군정치와 7·1 경제관리개선조치를 중심으로

박동국,박병철 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2006 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.5 No.2

This paper aims to analyzes the strategic direction of regime maintenance of Km Jung—Il under the political, economic crisis after 1990s. The strategies of regime maintenance are classfied following two categories: ‘Arduous March’, ‘Military—First Politics’ as political · ideological strategy and the "New Economic Management Improvement policy"(hereafter ‘7 · 1 policy,) as economic strategy. Under the comprehensive critical condition,'Arduous March' was adopted as a 'muddling through strategy’ based on the severely forced sacrifice of people of North Korea. 'Military—First Politics‘ was an instrument for the system control. As an expression of confidence of stabiizing Kim's regime,‘7 · 1 policy’ was lunched for the purpose of the improvement of economic difficulties by introducing partly some elements of market economy. ‘7 · 1 policy’ has contributed actually to favorable turn of North Korea's economy. From this point,‘7 · 1 policy’ can be seen as a successful strategy for the regime stability. However,‘7 · 1 policy’ would be characterized as an provisional instrument which can be realized only during the economic recovering period,because Kim's regime,based on the ‘Military—First Politics’,might eliminate elements of the market economy adopted through the ‘7 · 1 policy’. The policy aims not at an application of capitalist market principles to the national economic policy, but at reestablishment of the planned economy system. It is very likely that Kim's regime would continuously expand some elements of market economy for the purpose of the regime stability until the end of economic crisis. Yet the economic reform will be continued under the influence of the 'Military—First Politics’. 본 논문은 1990년대 이후 북한 위기상황에서 김정일정권이 체제유지를 위해 제시한 전략의 방향성을 고찰하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 북한에 있어 체제유지 전략은 정치 · 사상적 전략으로 ‘고난의 행군’과 ‘선군정치’와 경제적 전략으로 ‘7․1경제관리개선조치’를 들 수 있을 것이다. 북한 사회 전반적인 위기 상황에서 ‘고난의 행군’은 주민들의 회생을 통한 ‘버티기 전략’의 일환으로, 선군정치는 체제통제 수단으로 기능하고 있다. 또한 ‘7․1조치’는 김정일체제의 자신감의 표현으로, 시장경제의 부분적 도입을 통해 현실적 경제위기를 개선하려는 조치이다. 여기서 ‘7․1조치’로 북한의 경제가 호전되고 있다는 측면에서는 북한의 체제유지 전략이 성과를 거두고 있다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 ‘7․1조치’는 북한이 계획경제를 정상화하는 동안의 과도기에 임시방편으로 활용될 가능성을 지니고 있다. 왜냐하면 북한은 강력한 체제 통제 수단인 선군정치를 바탕으로 언제든지 ‘7․1조치’로 등장한 개혁적 시장경제요소들을 제거할 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 ‘7․1조치’도 계획경제의 복귀를 목적-사회주의 경제 정상화를 위한 방법-으로 시장경제의 요소를 일부 활용한다는 차원이지, 시장경제를 사회 전반의 경제원칙으로 정립하려는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재의 북한은 체제유지전략으로 당면한 경제 위기가 해결되기 전까지는 시장경제를 지속적으로 확대해 나갈 것으로 보이며, 이는 선군정치를 바탕으로 진행될 것이다.

방선균주 7489가 생산하는 DNA Topoisomerase 1 저해제에 관한 연구

이동선,하상철,이상용,김종국,홍순덕 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

미생물로 부터 topoisomerase Ⅰ저해물질을 탐색하던 중 Streptomyces melanosporofaciens 7489 균주가 topoisomerase 활성을 저해하는 것을 발견하였다. 이에 균주가 생산하는 활성물질을 분리정제한 후 구조를 결정하였고 정제된 물질에 대한 활성을 조사하였다. 균체로 부터 acetone 추출, ethyl acetate 추출, silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC 및 HPLC등을 통하여 topoisomerase 저해물질 7489-1을 정제한 후 UV, ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT and EI-MS등의 기기분석을 한 결과 저해물질은 dibutyl phthalate로 결정되었다. 789-1의 topoisomerase Ⅰ 저해활성은 1μM에서 10μM까지 점진적으로 감소하였으며 25μM에서 완전히 저해되었다. During the screening of inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I from microbial secondary metabolites, Streptomyces melanosporofaciens 7489 which was capable of producing high level of inhibitor was selected from soil. The active compound (7489-1) which was capable of producing high level of inhibitor was selected from soil. The active compound (7489-1) was purified from the culture broth by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. The inhibitor was identified as dibutyl phthalate by spectroscopic methods of UV, ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, DEPT and EI-MS. 7489-1 showed a strong inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I with 10 μM of IC_50 value.

하악 이부에 발생한 방선균증의 치험례

李暲東,孫東錫,金成國 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.52 No.2

Actinomycosis is a chronic infection of inhibitant oral bacteria, especially Actinomyces israelii. A. israelii are Gram positive, non acid-fast, anaerobic, filamentous organisms. The most frefguent form of actinomycosis is the cervicofacial type. Its involved skin is purplished red and indurated, tending to form multiple draining sinus tract. The characteristic “sulfur granule”appear in the abscess center. The infection of the soft tissue may extend to involve the mandible or less commomly, the maxilla. The treatment is antibiotic therapy and adequete drainage. We experienced actinomycosis occured in chin area and treated this disease with antibiotics &surgical drainage. The patient showed good prognosis.

ECAP 강가공에 의한 5083 Al 합금의 초소성 변형

이정국,서창우,김병철,신동혁 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 2000 工學技術論文集 Vol.9 No.1

초기 결정립 크기가 200 μm인 상업용 5083 Al 합금에서 equal channel anglar pressing(ECAP) 강가공에 의하여 결정립을 초미세화 시킬 수 있었다. ECAP는 200℃에서 수행되었고, 반복 passes시 180˚ 회전을 주면서 같은 시편에 8 passes까지 강가공을 가하였다. 미세조직 특징은 1 pass후 평균 0.2 μm의 폭과 0.8 μm의 길이를 갖는 연신된 평행한 bands가 균일하게 형성 되었고, 4 passes후 결정립 크기가 약 0.3 μm인 등축의 초미세 결정립이 얻어졌다. 이러한 초미세 결정립을 갖는 5083 Al 합금에서 저온 초소성 성질이 얻어졌는데, 약 0.5 μm의 결정립 크기를 갖을 때 250℃이하의 온도에서 연신율이 200 %이상인 초소성 거동을 나타내었다. An ultrafine grained structure was introduced into a commercial 5083 Al alloy with the initial grain size of ∼200 μm using the equal channel angular pressing technique. Equal channel angular pressing was successfully conducted at 200℃ and the results showed that the microstructure was reasonably homogeneous after single passage and consisted of parallel bands of elongated substructure having the average width of 0.2 μm and the average length of 0.8 μm. Repetitive passes were conducted on the same sample up to total 8 passes through the die so that the sample was rotated 180˚ around its longitudanal axis between passes. An equiaxed ultrafine grained structure of ∼0.3 μm was obtained in the present alloy after 8 passes. It was found that a 5083 Al alloy with the grain size of ∼ 0.3 μm exhibited a superplastic-like behavior with elongation to failure in excess of 200% below.

흰쥐의 DMBA 와 tobacco tar도포및 악하선절제시 설암의 유인성에 관한 실험적 연구

김동열,조한국 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of excisional wounding, tobacco tar, and removal of submandibular gland on the carcinogenesis induced by DMBA application of the tongue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Seventy-seven rats were divided into experimental group and control group(group 6), and experimental group is subdivided into five group. In group 1, the lateral border of middle third of the tongue was painted 3 times weekly with DMBA. In group 2, the same portion as above was painted with DMBA and proceeded one time weekly by excised with scissor. In group 3, the same portion as above was painted with DMBA and tar. In group 4, the same portion as above was painted with DMBA and tar, and proceeded excisional wounding in the lateral border of tongue. In group 5, the same portion as above was painted with DMBA and tar, and proceeded excisional wounding in the lateral border of tongue after removal of submandibular gland. In group 6, none was treated. At each 5,10,13,16 and 20 weeks after experiment, 2 animals in the each group 1,2,3,4, and 5, and 2 animals in the group 6 were sacrificed with ether, and then formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained as H-E staining rountinely, Masson's trichrome staining for collagen fibers, and PAS staining for glycogen. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In group 1,hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia at 5-10 weeks, and epithelial dysplasia at 16-weeks, carcinoma in situ at 20 weeks were observed, and in group 2 carcinogenesis was progressed more repidly than that of group 1 or group 3. 2. In group 4, carcinogenesis was progressed more repidly than that of group 2. In group 5, carcinoma in situ at 10-13 weeks, highly differentiated squarnous cell carcinoma at 16 weeks, and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma at 20 weeks were onserved. 3. The chronic inflammatory response in the underlying connective tissue were observed and minor salivary glands were changed into pleomorphic or cystic degeneration, and in some portion, neuromatous proliferation was observed. 4. In group 4, carcinogenesis was observed predominantly in the lateral border of the tongue and faintly in entire mucosa of the tongue in some animals. In experimental chemical carcinogenesis of tongue in rats, we could find that excisional wounding accelerated the process of carinogenesis, and more rapidly progressed under the condition of xerostomia by proceeding application of DMBA and tar after sialadenectomy.

석탄폐석 및 광재의 유해물질 침출특성 연구

우영국,강성환,임재명,한동준,김병욱 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

광산에서 배출되는 광재폐기물은 산과 계곡에 투기 또는 매립되어 강우등에 의하여 주변 소하천을 오염시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 광재의 물리적특성과 이화학적 특성을 조사하고 회분식과 칼럼식실험을 수행하여 오염물질의 침출특성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 실험결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 광재는 점토질 및 실트질의 크기를 지니고 있으나 점착력과 소성적 성질이 없는 사질토의 특성을 지니고 있다. 2) 광재의 투수계수는 대부분 10(???)³-10(???)cm/sec의 범위이며, 일반 사질토의 투수계수보다 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 3) 회분식과 칼럼식 용출시험의 결과, 대상 광산의 광재폐기물 일부에서 기준치 이상의 중금속농도가 침출되었으며, 이에대한 방지대책의 심각성을 알 수 있었다. 4) 광재 폐기물의 칼럼식 용출시험 결과 kg폐기물 당 인공강우 투여량 비가 증가할수록 침출수의 중금속 및 유해물질 농도는 크게 감소되어 어느정도 진행된 이후부터는 대부분 일정한 농도가 유지되나, 산성강우시 침출정도 및 침출시간은 지속되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5) 광재는 많은 중금속과 유해물질을 함유하고 있으나 양적인면에서 자원화의 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 광재내의 자원회수, 건설 재료등의 재활용및 자원화 연구가 필요하다. Tailing wastes producedat metal mines have been disposed of by dumping or landfiling in depression. Mine drainage developed at pile of the tailing wastes has high concentrations of various kinds of heavy metals and harzardous materials, and these contaminants are leached out from the tailing wastes by water infiltration or when they collapse. In this study, both batch test and column test were performed in order to investigate the physical and leaching characteristics of tailing wastes. The batch test results were compared with those by EPT and DLT, and column test was carried out at acidic and neutral pH ranges. The results showed that high concentrations of heavy metals and sulfate were contained in the leachate of the some tailing wastes. In column test, levels of heavy metals in the leachate produced during the initial rainfall period were found higher.

Glucosidase 활성 저해제의 검색

김국희,김봉석,신동범,정덕상,이선주 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2002 연구보고 Vol.16 No.-

Methanol extracts of 30 different plants collected in Jeju Island were tested for α-glucosidase inhibition. When the final concentration of extracts was 0.2㎎/㎖ for each sample, Ardisia japornica Blume. showed 91%, 92% and 87% of inhibition for maltase, sucrase, and nonspecific α-glucosidase activity, respectively. Potentilla chinensis inhibited maltase and sucrase activities for 90% and 82%, respectively. Euphorbia helioscopia exerted 90% and 88% inhibition for maltase and nonspecific α-glucosidase activity, respectively.

回心曲 發生攷

김동국 우리어문학회 2003 우리어문연구 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to veil the formative process of 'Hoi-shim Gok' which is one of the Buddhist Gasa, an old form of Buddhist Korean verse. 'Hoi-shim Gok' has used together with 'Hoi-shim Ga', But these are different. It seems that 'Hoi-shim Gok' was recreated as a 'Hwa-cheong' of temple from 'In-kua mun' to adapt to the social changes in 19th century. The procedure of 'Hwa-cheong' is 1) the purpose and cause of a Buddhist rite, 2) an easyand peaceful death, 3) admonish of a dead one and a live one at a time (vanity of life), 4) admonish of a live person (retribution in the life beyond.) 'Hoi-shim Gok' comes under 3) and 4). 'Hoi-shim Gok' had been made as the parts 3) and 4) were consolidated owing to the social requirements. First, in the aspect the form of discription, the 'In-kua mun' of 'life-age-sickness-death- Judgement in the beyond worle' succeeded to 'Hoi-shim Gok' as it was. It is the structure of 'Hoi-shim Gok' that 'filial piety' and 'belief of ten king' are added to this 'In-kua mun'. Second, the author of 'Hoi-shim Gok' is not a mendicant but a learned priest related to the consolidation of Buddhism in 19th century. There are no special diffences in various different version of 'Hoi-shim Gok'. Instead there are some differences in the buddihist invocation related to 'Hoi-shim Gok'. Therefore, the varietyof 'Hoi-shim Gok' has its origin in the various changes of the buddhist invocation. The original form of 'Hoi-shim Gok' has changed rarely, so we can regard it as a standard form. Third, the focus of 'Hoi-shim Gok' is the relationship with the idea of 'retribution' rather than 'filial piety'. 'Hoi-shim Gok' was diveloped in the interrelation to Buddhist scriptures, invocations, and descriptions. By taking these conditions into consideration, we can regard 'Hoi-shim Gok' as a succeededand developed form of 'In-kua mun' according to the prosperity of popular Buddhism in 19th century. Through these processes, 'Hoi-shim Gok' became a Buddhist literature which is developed by accepting popular ideas on the base of Buddhism. It has handed down to our time as a representative Buddhist poetry form.

北韓의 文學·藝術에 대하여

서동국 경북대학교 평화문제연구소 1986 평화연구 Vol.11 No.-