韓國 中世의 軍事訓練 : 講武制 Kang Moo Jae

강동원 한국체육사학회 1996 체육사학회지 Vol.1 No.-

Kang Mu was a military exercise which purports to prepare the military system and enhance the military power through practical military exercise. The nature of Kang Mu had unclear characteristic in Koryo Dynasty, However, the early era of Cho Sun Dynasty had begun to ipliment more in-depth philosophical aspects. Sungrihak as a national philosophy focused on keeping the authority of king. Worship, Manner, and Public relationship which Kang Mu emphasized were came out of Confucianism. These characteristics were significant differences between the simple military exercise and Kang Mu, From this perspective, Kang Mu was considered to be very practical system which includes mulitary exercise and philosophical perspective. However, Kang Mu lost its nature and characteristics by long lasting peace, priority on agricuttural policy, and demilitarization. From King Yun San era, Kang Mu Continued its name only and finally became more enjoyable public game and play.

Organic Complementary Circuits: Remarkable Enhancement of Hole Transport in Top‐Gated N‐Type Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors by a High‐k Dielectric for Ambipolar Electronic Circuits (Adv. Mater. 40/2012)

Baeg, Kang‐,Jun,Khim, Dongyoon,Jung, Soon‐,Won,Kang, Minji,You, In‐,Kyu,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Facchetti, Antonio,Noh, Yong‐,Young WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Advanced Materials Vol.24 No.40

<P>On page 5433, Yong‐Young Noh, Antonio Facchetti, Kang‐Jun Baeg, and co‐workers report that high performance ambipolar complementary inverters and ring oscillators are provided by a remarkable enhancement of both hole injection and transport for n‐channel dominant N2200 OFETs. The significant enhancement of hole mobility in N2200 OTFTs is attributed to the strong dipoles in fluorinated high‐k gate dielectric blend of P(VDF‐TrFE):PMMA. </P>

관해유도 항암요법을 받는 백혈병 환자에서 진균 감염증의 예방 : 무작위 배정법과 이중 눈가림법에 의한 Fluconazole과 Nystain의 효과에 관한 다기관 공동연구 A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Trial to Compare Fluconazole with Nystatin

최강원,오명돈,배현주,백경란,박선양,김병국,신완식,강문원,진종률,박종원,김춘추,김동집,한지숙,민유홍,이선주,고윤웅 대한화학요법학회 1993 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Fluconazole의 진균 감염증 예방 효과와 안전성에 관하여 3개 대학병원에서 관해유도화학요법을 받는 급성 백혈병환자를 대상으로 무작위 배정법과 너도나도 누가림법에 의하여 연구하였다. 모두 62명의 환자에게 fluconazole(100㎎ bid) 또는 nystatin(1,000,000IU/day)을 무작위로 투여하였다. 투약은 관해유도화학요법과 같은 날짜에 시작하여 호중구수가 1,000㎣이상으로 회복되거나 진균 감염증이 확인되거나 의심되어 Amphotericin-B를 시작하거나, 약과 관련된 부작용이 나타날 때까지 계속하였다. 진균 colonization은 fluconazole군에서 감소하였으나 nystqatin군에서는 증가하였다, 표재성 진균감염증으로 nystatin군에서 C. albicans 진균혈증 1례와 C.parasilosis 진균혈중 1례가 발생하였다. 경험적 항진균요법으로 Amphotericin-B를 투여한 경우는 fluconazolerns 34명중 7례(21%), nystatinrns 28명중 10례(36%)였다(p<0.05). Fluconazole군과 nystatin군 사이에 부작용이나 사망률에 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로, fluconazole은 관해유도화학요법을 받는 급성 백혈병환자에서 진균의 colonization을 줄이는데 효과적이고 안전한 항진균제이다. We made a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to compare the efficacy and safety of fluconazole with nystatin for prevention of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Sixty-two adult undergoing remission induction chemotherapy for cute leukemia were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either fluconazole (100㎎ bid) or nystatin(1,000,000IU×6/day) with corresponding placebo. The study drug was started in initiation of chemotherapy and continued until recovery of neutrophil counts(>1,000/㎣), development of proven or suspected invasive fungal infection, or the occurrence of drug-related toxicity. Fungal colonization decreased in fluconazole(F) group, however increased in nystain(n) group. Superficial fungal infection occurred in 1 of 34 F group, whereas invasive fungal infection developed in 3 of 28 N group. Empirical amphotericin-B therapy was given in 7 of 34(21%) F group and 10 of 28(36%) N group(p>0.05). The incidence of drug-related side effects and overall moratlity were similar in both study groups.

끝나지 않는 기억전쟁(mnemonic battle)

박동숙(Dong-Sook Park),이재원(Jae-Won Lie),정사강(Sa-Gahng Jung),강혜원(Hye-Won Kang),김해원(Hae-Won Kim) 한국여성커뮤니케이션학회 2014 미디어, 젠더 & 문화 Vol.29 No.4

제주 4?3 사건은 약 7년 동안 남북한 정권, 민간인, 미국 등 서구 열강의 힘 등이 복합적으로 작용해 숱한 사람들이 사망한 사건이다. 4?3 사건을 둘러싼 논의와 갈등들은 한국 근현대사의 문제들과 닿아 있으며 4?3 사건과 그 진상규명과정에서 파생한 갈등들, 한국사회에서 4?3 사건이 기억되는 맥락은 매우 복합적인 결을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 4?3 사건을 두고 일어나는 기억의 의미투쟁 현장을 신문은 어떻게, 얼마나 보도하고 있는가를 고찰하고자 했으며 이를 위해 1999년부터 2013년까지 14년 동안 경향신문 동아일보 조선일보 한겨레신문(가나다순) 기사 중 4?3 위주로 보도된 654건의 연도별 보도량과 주제, 기사의 의미와 기사 속 행위자 등을 분석하여 미디어 기억이 어떤 이야기를 하고 있는지 살펴봤다. 4?3을 둘러싼 최근 14년간의 뉴스미디어의 기억 지형을 살펴본 바, 사회적으로 드러난 4?3사건을 둘러싼 중요한 이슈 지점들과 4?3사건을 기억하는 미디어의 기억 지형에서 나타나는 중요한 순간들은 일치하지 않았으며 언론은 지엽적이고 파편적이며 정치 ‘싸움’에 집중된 갈등적인 요소들을 두드러지게 부각시키고 있었다. 무엇보다 4?3사건이 지니고 있는 본질적인 갈등양상과 뉴스미디어에서 그려내고 있는 갈등의 내용과 모습은 큰 차이를 보이고 있으며 뉴스미디어를 통해 이뤄지고 있는 기억전쟁은 왜곡된 형태를 지니고 있는 것으로 드러났다. The Jeju April 3(4?3) Incident occurred during seven years, from 1947 to 1954 in the island of Jeju. Two separated Korean governments, Korean civilians, United States of America and the other actors were complexly related to the incident and 25,000 casualties were estimated. The ongoing discussion and conflict regarding the 4?3 incident is still controversial and the context in which the incident is remembered in Korean society is complicated. Considering the complex nature of the Jeju April 3 Incident, this Study examined the mnemonic battle in Korean newsmedia, how Korean newsmedia covered this incident last fourteen years. For this study, four Korean daily newspapers- Kyunhyang, Dong-A, Chosun and Hanguerae were selected and 654 articles directly related to the incident were collected and analysed. Consequently the main issues and important moments of the 4?3 incident exposed in society and in newsmedia were in discord and inconsistent. The newsmedia covering the incident focused on peripheral issues, fragmented memories and minor conflicts instead of the essence of the incident, and therefore distorted the nature of it.

기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

一部 大學運動選手의 體格과 身體構成에 關한 調査硏究

姜東洹,崔鳥淵 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1988 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.1

. The objectives of this study were to study on the physique and body composition of athlete. For this purpose the writer surveyed physique measurement and Double pinch Method of Skinfold Thickness of 6 Track, 10 Kumdo, 11 Shooting, 12 Hand-ball, 21 Taekwondo, 15 Judo, 16 Boxing, 22 Rugby football University players in Su Won. The total 113 male athletes were selected and measured. The conclusion of this study were as follw; A. Physique Measurement. 1. Body Height(㎝) It was M.171.00±5.74㎝ in Track, M.174.22±4.80㎝ in Kumdo, M.173.56±3.50㎝ in shooting, M.179.30±4.05㎝ in Hand-ball, M.173.93±5.56㎝ in Taekwondo, M.175.40±5.80㎝ in Judo, M.174.58±5.84㎝ in Boxing, M.176.16±4.80㎝ in Rugby footabll team. 2. Body Weight(㎏) It was M.58.17±4.88㎏ in Track, M.68.33±3.97㎏ in Kumdo, M.71.00±6.39㎏ in Shooting, M.74.20±3.40㎏ in Hand-ball, M.66.27±7.93㎏ in Taekwondo, M.82.66±8.98㎏ in Judo, M.77.25±8.44㎏ in Boxing, M.77.20±8.43㎏ in Rugby football team. 3. Chest-girth(㎝) It was M.87.05±5.21㎝ in Track, M.91.44±3.24㎝ in Kumdo. M.93.13±2.76㎝ in Shooting, M.98.25±4.69㎝ in Hand-ball, M.94.33±5.99㎝ in Taekwondo. M.103.64±3.17㎝ in Judo, M.89.82±9.33㎝ in Boxing, M.99.51±4.92㎝ in Rugby football team. B. Physique Index 1. Relative Body Weight It was M.33.97±2.23 in Track, M.39.20±1.57 in Kumdo, M.40.87±2.97 in Shooting, M.41.49±1.22 in Hand-ball, M.38.01±3.41 in Taekwondo, M.49.99±3.84 in Judo, M.40.74±3.81 in Boxing, M.43.77±4.42 in Rugby football team. 2.Relative Chest-girth It was M.50.89±2.23 in Track, M. 42.40±1.71 in Kumdo, M.53.66±1.11 in Shooting, M.52.79±2.12in Hand-ball, M.54.21±2.28 in Taekwondo, M.59.11±1.20 in Judo, M.55.77±3.01 in Boxing, M.56.50±3.67 in Rugby football team. 3. Rohrer index It was M.1.17±0.07 in Track, M.1.29±0.06 in Kumdo, M.1.35±0.21 in Shooting, M.1.28±0.23 in Hand-ball, M.1.25±0.06 in Taekwondo, M.1.52±0.08 in Judo, M.1.33±0.12 in Boxing, M.1.41±0.21 in Rugby football team. C. Skinfold Thickness Measurement 1. Total Skinfold thickness It was M.8.50±1.08㎜ in Track, M.9.92±1.50㎜ in Kumdo, M.15.32±2.01㎜ in Shooting, M.11.78±2.07㎜ in Hand-ball, M.10.07±1.82㎜ in Taekwondo, M.16.35±3.80㎜ in Judo, M.11.42±2.23㎜ in Boxing, M.12.27±2.39㎜ in Rugby football team. D. Absolute Fat It was M.8.24±1.68㎜ in Track, M.10.64±1.36㎜ in Kumdo, M.14.67±1.94㎜ in Shooting, M.12.87±1.70㎜ in Hand-ball, M.10.06±2.57㎜ in Taekwondo, M.17.09±5.07㎜ in Judo, M.12.86±2.82㎜ in Boxing, M.13.44±3.11㎜ in Rugby football team. E. Correlation relative of Physique and Body Composition 1. The correlation coefficient between Body Height and Body Density, % Fat, Absolute Fat, were revealed as the certainly correlation, LBM turned out significantly high correlation. 2. The correlation coefficient between Body Weight and body Density, % Fat, were revealed a significandtly high correlation Abolute Fat, LBM turned out a exceeding high correlation. 3. The correlation coefficient between Chest-girth and Body Density, % Fat, Absolute, LBM turned out a significantly high correlation.

朝鮮前期의 軍事制度와 敎育施策에 나타난 敎育的 事實에 對한 考察

姜東洹 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1990 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.3

The purposes of this study were : (1) to survey the pedagogical idea prevalent during the first half of the Chosun Dynasty ; and (2) to trace how this educational ideal was reflected in the educational and military systems during the same period. Meanwhile, the underlying intent of this study was to study how this educational ideal affected the physical education during this period. The dominant pedagogical idea during the first half of the Chosun Dynasty was New Confucianism, which put its main emphasis on loyalty and filial piety. Based upon this philosophy, the basic emphasis of education was put on cultivation moral righteousness and courtesy. Thus, the main function of education in this period was to build a good character and pursue the order of things and the universe. In this educational system, the main concern of education was to clarify the true relationship between heaven and man. In short, the ultimate purpose of education was to bring up an ideal man, who would be fit for governmental officials. Meanwhile, the military structure during the period was organized based on a strict social caste system. The soldiers' duties and positions were assigned largely in accordance with individuals' social standings. The job-split of drafted soldiers thus contributed to the subclassificaion of the social caste system. Since the Dynasty was ruled mainly by men of letters who held to Confucianism, it paid little attention to the importance of the people's physical development. However, as the survival of the Kingdom was threatened by foreign invasions of domestic civil wars, the retainers of Dynasty's regime came to realize the necessity of martial arts, as well as the importance of the people's physical strength. When the Kingdom was in danger of falling down, men of power in military joined the cabint of the regime. After the high officials' realization of the importance of the martial arts, they instituted the program of governmental exam to pick up skilled military officials, and the introduction of this exam stimulated the people to train martial arts, while upgrading the quality of military training. It was natural that in this historical background, physical education, in its modern sense, was shrunken to inaction. Physical education, if it might to called education, was carried out only with in the military system in the form of military training for the defence of the Dynast. Meanwhile, the upper class in the pyramid of the caste, who were the men of letters, also dismissed recreation as vulgar, though they showed interest in it. Consequently, children and commons were the sole participants in recreational activities. As the living standards of commons went up, they had more chances of participating in these activities. At the same time, these activities began to take concreate forms as regular events of physical activities.

韓國 體育行政 運營實態 및 體育振興方案에 관한 硏究

강동원,정병기 慶熙大學校 社會體育硏究所 1994 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.7

1. Conclusion 1) Makeshift of administration structures erased the boundaries of government control of the Korean athletic association 2) Administration structures are preventing the growth of a lucrative business. 3) KOC's authority and roles should be extended for a lucrative business. 4) KOC needs to be the legal supporting for the leading organization for all amateur sports. 5) KOC and KSC should be independent of the government and fully controlled by the Korean athletic association. When the three above conditions are solved, the direction of athletic business should be as the following. 1) The experts of sports marketing should be secured and new sections established. 2) By dint of requesting advanced and Professional foreign companies which deal with sports marketing, continuous training should be carried out, The marketing of the present athletic committee is virtually only a basic step. 3) Each KNGB(Korea National Government Body) needs steady inquiring attitude from the audience's point of view. The potential possibility of each KNGB is, in fact, so important that it can determine the maintenance or abolition of the athletic committee. However, KNGB has failed many times in mobilizing the audience only in popular events. The reason has been analyzeed that the level of the audience, who has watched world-wide sporting events through the mass media, have increased, but the contents of sports couldn't catch up with it 4) The professional broadcasting sports company should be established, These are the most efficient ways to spread several elements which can make the athletic committee independent financially and to make the highest profits. Looking at the effects of the professional broadcasting sports company if these suggestion are implemented. ① Athletic committee could cope with the pressure from the three Korean broadcasting stations, and raise their payments which was lower than expected. ② Can broadcast the extremely popular events, but also unpopular ones which have action. ③ Can equally cope with exploiting and securing of a sponsor market, ④ Can help people better understood the olympic structure by continuous broadcasting of olympic impressions, which is like the aim of KOC bussinesses. ⑤ Can always promptly transfer the exact information of a sporting event to the people regardless of the assigned broadcasting time. 5) Being on the axis of KOC, an over issue of licensing for each KNGB should be prevented and more qualified licences issued. Like above, the problems of managermant in the past and the propositions for the advancement of the athletic committee, should be reviewed, revised and improved with special care. As a final emphasis(I'd like to take), the successful development will depend on the great effort of all the persons corparties concermed with the athletic committee with a futuristic point of view and without any individual interest.

용융침투법으로 제조한 알루미나-유리 복합체의 동적 피로 특성 평가

원대희,안승근,배태성,강동완,진영철 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The fatigue characteristics of alumina-glass composites were evaluated by biaxial flexure test under the dynamic loading conditions. 88 specimens were tested by tested by testing 22 samples at each of four loading rates : 0.01, 0.1, 1, and mm/min. A Vickers-produced indentation crack was made at the center of the tensile surface with load of 49.0 N, and the microstructural aspects of crack propagation was investigated under statically loaded state in distilled water at 37℃. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The fatigue parameter of alumina-glass composite containing 6 mol % yttria was n=22.2, σf0=319.6 MPa. 2. 10-year failure stress of alumina-glass composite containing 6 mol% yttria was 171.7 MPa. 3. Fracture surface of alumina-glass composite indicated the frictional interlocking of jogs having the tendency of toughening by crack deflection, rather than by crack bridging.

韓國家庭의 所得水準과 Sports 活動實態에 對한 調査硏究

姜東洹 慶熙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

For this reseach, a total of 1,200 subject familes was selected from various income levels throughout the country, and then, a survey of public opinion was carried out for these families by putting a questionnaire to each family. The results obtained from this poll are as follows: 1. Discrimination of Income Class and Residential Areas of Subject Families. Among the selection of 1,200 households. 234 families (19.4%) belonged to the low income class whose monthly income was less than ￦200,000. 766 families (64.0%) to the middle income class whose monthly income ranged from ￦210,000 to ￦600,000, and 200 families (16.6%) to the high income class whose monthly income was more than ￦600,000, of the total subject families 506 familes lived in large cities, 264 families in small and mediumsized cities. and 428 families in fishing and agrarian villages. 2. When watching sports games is considered, the difference of preference among the three class levels was observed follows. In case of high income class, the percentage of people's interest varied in this order--baseball(31.5j%). football(17.5%). boxing (10.5%), In case of middle income class--football (21.5%), baseball (20.7%). boxing (16.3%). And, in case of low income class--boxing (23.7%). football (21.2%), and ssireum (18.1%). Thus, a disparity of interest was noticed among the class levels, with each level showing its strongest, characteristic perference for a different sports game. 3. When people's actual participation in sports games is considered the difference of preference among income levels was shown as follow. In case of high income class, the percentage of People's direct involvement varied in this order--mountaineering (16.6%), tennis (16.6%), badminton (11.6%). In case of middle income class--jogging (15.9%), tennis (11.6%), badminton (10.8%). And, in case of low income class-jogging (14.5%), gymnastics (13,7%), football (8.5%). 4. Regardless of income class discrimination, it also was observed that the strongest motive for having sports goods was mainly to improve health and control physical stamina (about 58%). However, in case of high income class, the motive for making good use of leisure time marked 27.2%, while. in case of low income class, the motive for complying with familial requests recorded 23.2% 5. The kind and number of pieces of sports goods varied according to income levels. in case of low income class. each family was equipped with approximately 3 different kinds of sports products, in case of middle income class, with about five kinds, and, in case of high income class, with eight kinds or so. Thus, there was noticed a difference in proportion to income levels 6. Also, demand for sports products varied dependent upon income levels in cast of low income class, products were mostly purchased by children: in case of high income class, largely by the whole family members; and regardless of income levels, sport goods for youth were in constant demand