Impact of interleukin-21 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome: increased serum levels of interleukin-21 and its expression in the labial salivary glands

Kang, Kwi Young,Kim, Hyun-Ok,Kwok, Seung-Ki,Ju, Ji Hyeon,Park, Kyung-Su,Sun, Dong-Il,Jhun, Joo Yeon,Oh, Hye Jwa,Park, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Youn BioMed Central 2011 ARTHRITIS RESEARCH AND THERAPY Vol.13 No.5

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Interleukin (IL)-21 is a cytokine that controls the functional activity of effector T helper cells and the differentiation of Th17 cells, and promotes B-cell differentiation. To test whether IL-21 participates in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), serum IL-21 level was measured and IL-21 expression in the labial salivary glands (LSG) was examined.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Serum IL-21 levels in 40 primary SS, 40 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 38 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 20 healthy controls were measured. Serum IL-21 levels of SS patients were assessed for correlations with laboratory data, including anti-nuclear antibody, anti-Ro/La antibodies, globulin, immunoglobulin (Ig) class, and IgG subclass. LSGs from 16 primary SS and 4 controls with sicca symptoms were evaluated for IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) expression by immunohistochemistry. Confocal microscopy was performed to further characterize the IL-21 positive cells.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Primary SS patients had significantly higher serum IL-21 levels than controls, and these increments correlated positively with levels of IgG, IgG1. Serum IgG1 levels correlated with anti-Ro antibody titers. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that lymphocytic foci and the periductal area of the LSGs from SS patients expressed high levels of IL-21 and lower levels of IL-21R, whereas the control LSGs showed minimal expression of both antigens. The more the lymphocyte infiltrated, IL-21expression in LSGs showed a tendency to increase. Confocal microscopic analyses revealed that IL-21 expressing infiltrating lymphocytes in the LSGs of SS patients also expressed CXCR5.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Primary SS is associated with high serum IL-21 levels that correlate positively with serum IgG, especially IgG1, levels. The expression of IL-21 is increased as more lymphocytes infiltrated in LSGs. These observations suggest that IL-21 may play an important role in primary SS pathogenesis.</P>

류마티스 활막염에 있어 염증매개물질에 의한 Transforming Growth Factor-β-inducible Gene-h3 (βig-h3) 생산 조절 기전

강영모 ( Young Mo Kang ),김성일 ( Sung Il Kim ),김정섭 ( Jeong Seup Kim ),유동완 ( Dong Wan You ),사금희 ( Kheum Hee Sa ),박은주 ( Eun Ju Park ),김성욱 ( Sung Uk Kim ),서재석 ( Jae Seok Seo ),한승우 ( Seung Woo Han ),남언정 ( Eon 대한류마티스학회 2005 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objective: To investigate the expression pattern of transforming growth factor-β-inducible gene-h3 (βig-h3) within rheumatoid synovial tissue and the regulation of βig-h3 synthesis in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS). Methods: Synovial tissues obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were obtained during joint replacement surgery. βig-h3 expression was evaluated with immunohistochemical stain. FLS was isolated from synovial tissues and stimulated with cytokines including TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10. βig-h3 synthesis was measured using semiquantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence stain, and flow cytometry. Results: Expression of βig-h3 was diffuse and abundant in both lining and sublining layers of rheumatoid synovium, which was more prominent than those of osteoarthritis. Production of βig-h3 in FLS was regulated by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner and was highest at 5 ng/mL of TGF-β1. TNF-α and IL-1β upregulated the production of βig-h3 from FLS synergistically with TGF-β1 but other cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 did not affect. βig-h3 synthesis was efficiently inhibited by dexamethasone at higher dose (100 nM) but not by cyclosporine-A. Conclusion: Production of βig-h3, which is highly upregulated in rheumatoid synovitis, is differentially regulated by inflammatory cytokines.

Preliminary study on the effect of inflamed TMJ synovial fluid on the intracellular calcium concentration and differential expression of iNOS and COX-2 in human immortalized chondrocyte C28/I2

Eun-Ah Choi,Dong-Geun Lee,Chang-Hoon Chae,Young-Il Chang,Young-Ju Park,Young-Kyun Kim 대한구강악안면외과학회 2006 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that inflammatory synovial fluid from TMJ internal derangement initiates a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in chondrocytes and the induced Ca2+ signaling affects iNOS/COX-2 gene expression patterns following exposure to inflamed synovial fluid. Materials and Methods. Two female adult patients with symptoms of TMD who agreed to participate in the study were selected for this study. Immortalized human juvenile costal chondrocyte C-28/I2 was grown to 80% confluency and synovial fluids from two patients were added respectively to culture media for 24 hours at the concentration of 100ng/10ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to examine changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of IL-1α, iNOS, COX-2. Results. Increased [Ca2+]i was observed in chondrocytes subjected to inflamed synovial fluid compared to control cultures and in respective cultures exposed to inflamed synovial fluids from each patient, IL-1β, COX-2 mRNA were detected. However, in neither case iNOS mRNA was expressed. IL-1α, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA were expressed in control culture. Conclusion. Our results show that immortalized chondrocytes cultured with inflamed synovial fluids from patients diagnosed as disc displacement without reduction and limitation in mouth opening showed increased calcium concentration and expression of COX-2 while inhibiting the production of iNOS, which in turn could adversely affect the chondrocytes in at least short term by hindering physiologic role of NO against inflammatory cascades. These findings suggest that inflamed synovial fluid may differentially regulate the transcriptomes of relevant inflammatory mediators, especially iNOS/COX-2 axis in chondrocytes through adjusting calcium transients.

식육중 잔류항균물질 비교 조사 -서울지역 도축 소와 돼지를 중심으로-

변정옥 ( Jung Ok Byun ),강영일 ( Young Il Kang ),이달주 ( Dal Ju Lee ),황래홍 ( Lae Hong Hwang ),이양수 ( Yang Soo Lee ),이병동 ( Byung Dong Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2002 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

This study was carried out to compare the residual antibiotic materials in muscles of slaughter cattle and swine from slaughterhouses in Seoul from 2000 to 2001 by EEC-4-plate method, Charm Il and HPLC method. 1. Residual antibiotic materials were detected from 95 samples(0.8%) by EEC-4-plate and 57 samples(10.2%) by Charm Il. The final HPLC method determined the positives are 43(45.3%) and 27(47.3%) respectively. 2. The detection ratios were 45% by EEC-4-plate and 47% by Charm Il. 3. Seventy samples were classified as tetracyclines 56(75.7.4%), sulfonamides 10(14.9%), β-lactam 6(8.1%) chloramphenicol 1(1.4%). Three of them were confirmed to be positive simmultaneously for tetracyclines, sulfonamides and chloramphenicol. 4. The highest residual concentration of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 0.34, 11.29, 68.16, 0.13, 4.0, 0.12, 0.4 and 0.04ppm, respectively.

대장암에서의 nm23과 CD44 단백질 발현에 대한 면역조직학적 분석

신동일,이기형,윤충,이주희 대한대장항문학회 1997 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.13 No.1

계획에 없던 중환자실 재입실 실태 및 원인

송동현,이순교,김철규,최동주,이상일,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Background : Because unplanned readmissions to intensive care unit(ICU)might be related with undesirable patient outcomes, we investigated the pattern of and reason for unplanned ICU readmission to provide baseline data for reducing unplanned returns to ICU. Methods : The subjects included all patients who readmitted to ICU during the same hospitalization at a tertiary referral hospital between January 1st and June 30th 2002. Quality improvement(QI) nurse collected the data through medical records and a medical director reviewed the data collected. Results : 1)The average unplanned ICU readmission rate was 5.6%(gastroenterology 14.6%, pediatrics 12.7%, pulmonology 11.9%, neurosurgery 6.3%, general surgery 5.3%, chest surgery 3.9%, and cardiology 3.3%). 2)Among the unplanned readmissions, more than 50% of cases were from patients older than 60 years, and the main categories of diagnose at hospital admission were neurologic disease(29.9%) and cardiovascular disease(27.6%). 3)Of unplanned ICU readmissions, 41.8% had recurrence of the initial problems, 44.8% had occurrence of new problems. And 9.7% required post-operative care after unplanned operations. 4)The most common cause responsible for unplanned ICU readmission were respiratory problem(38.3%) and cardiovascular problem(14.3%). 5)About 40% of unplanned ICU readmission occurred within 3 days after ICU discharge. 6)Average length of stay of the readmitted patients to ICUs were much longer than that of non-readmitted patients. 7)Hospital mortality rate was much higher for unplanned ICU readmitted patients(23.6%) than for non-readmitted patients(1.5%)(P<0.001). Conclusions : This study showed that the unplanned ICU readmitted patients had poor outcomes(high morality and increased length of stay). In addition study results suggest that more attention should be paid to patients in ICU with poor respiratory function or elderly patients, and careful clinical decisions are required at discharged from ICU to general ward.

원자력 발전소의 환경법적 이해 : 영광원자력 발전소를 중심으로

최형일,김동주,정경훈 조선대학교 환경연구소 1999 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

The results are as follows: 1. It is necessary to improve the appraisal system for how radiation environmental impact assessment in the preparatory stage, when the nuclear power plant is under construction. The administrative agency should take the charge of making out the evaluation of the influence of radiation and be able to gather not only the opinions of civil environmental entities. It should read just system to observe the content of the environmental impact assessment. 2. Of course the neighboring residents are at odds with the mobilized construction crew due to the bad effects of noise, vibration, dust and so on during construction and they are concerned about their health due to accumulated bad effect. Consequently, we need to analyze whether we should keep to a strict the level of radiation discharge or not. 3. The atomic waste does not come under the rule of waste countrol but of atomic energy control. Due to the insufficiency of regulations about the safty of atomic waste and proper management, it is necessary to have stricter atomic waste control administration. 4. There are no regulations on heat pollution under our environmental law at this time. Therefore, we need legislation about heat pollution incruding the matter of discharge water from an nuclear power plant. 5. Countermeasure are necessary for closed-down nuclear reactors. Technical know-how concerning this is not sufficient on the international level. Related legislation is also need.

주파수 대역별 PN부호화 연산을 통한 이미지 워터마킹

하진일,박수형,주동현,염동훈,김두영 동아대학교 정보기술연구소 2002 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.10 No.1

Recently develpoing of the internet technology and spreading of the variable digital media are caused the problems. They are to protect the copy and to preserve the copyright. It is that the resolution is digital watermark. This paper is research about digital watermark that is to strengthend by PN encoding after Wavelet transform.

미국 사-벤즈·옥슬리 법(Sarbanes-Oxley Actof 2002)상의 회계개혁입법

윤동은,전일주 진주산업대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.44 No.-

Amid a flurry of publicity and lobbying, the United State has enacted a sweeping new act, known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, intended to regulate practices perceived to have resulted in recent accounting and other corporate abuses, and therefore to restore investor confidence in the US securities markets. The new Act applies to all companies whose securities are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) and which are required to file financial statements with the SEC. This includes many corporations not domiciled in the United States (so called foreign private issuers) whose securities trade publicly in the Unite Stated. The new Act establishes significant new disclosure regulations and will impose substantive rules of internal corporate governance including establishment of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in areas not previously regulated by US federal authorities. The Act also requires chief executive officers and chief financial officers of registered issuers to certify the completeness and accuracy of their company's financial statements with the Sec. In addition, The new Act provides for substantial new regulation of the conduct of audits and in issuer's relationship with its public accounting firm and creates new criminal offenses for false executive certifications, securities fraud, the obstruction of justice, and actions against whistle blowers. It substantially increases the penalties for existing US criminal offences such as mail fraud and wire fraud.

이미지 검색을 위한 관심영역의 오소추출과 데이터 변환 연구

강문주,양동일,김덕은,최형진 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

In this paper we designed the content-based image system. It discovers the characteristic value of color area for the existing image, when any user establishes the special interesting region for the question images. And we designed the system to be able to search the similar image of the interesting region, compared with the table that saved the characteristic value of moment which is unchangeable for the size and the rotation of from. In this paper, we suggest th image search model based on neural network. This is able to seek for the aimed image through the feedback to search the nonlinear relations by th method of searching content-based image using SOM neural network. We make use of the Precision and the recall that are used for the system evaluation using the similar matching method in general. As a result of the evaluation of the content-based image system, we can reduce the time and memory to find out the feature value of the image that is meaningless in the general images.