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Reflections on International Law Relating to Responding to Disasters
( David Hunter ) 한국환경법학회 2012 環境法 硏究 Vol.34 No.1
Please let me start by thanking Professor Byungchun So and the Korean Environmental Law Association for this invitation to speak at this, your 108th Conference. The Korean Environmental Law Association is recognized throughout the world as a leading promoter of environmental law. I am going to speak on the international law relating to the management of environmental damages from natural disasters, with a particular emphasis on post-management issues arising after the disaster occurs. I will end with a few words on the US law.
A Study of Two Dwarf Irregular Galaxies with Asymmetrical Star Formation Distributions
Hunter, Deidre A.,Gallardo, Samavarti,Zhang, Hong-Xin,Adamo, Angela,Cook, David O.,Oh, Se-Heon,Elmegreen, Bruce G.,Kim, Hwihyun,Kahre, Lauren,Ubeda, Leonardo,Bright, Stacey N.,Ryon, Jenna E.,Fumagalli American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1
<P>Two dwarf irregular galaxies, DDO 187 and NGC 3738, exhibit a striking pattern of star formation: intense star formation is taking place in a large region occupying roughly half of the inner part of the optical galaxy. We use data on the H I distribution and kinematics and stellar images and colors to examine the properties of the environment in the high star formation rate (HSF) halves of the galaxies in comparison with the low star formation rate halves. We find that the pressure and gas density are higher on the HSF sides by 30%-70%. In addition we find in both galaxies that the H I velocity fields exhibit significant deviations from ordered rotation and there are large regions of high-velocity dispersion and multiple velocity components in the gas beyond the inner regions of the galaxies. The conditions in the HSF regions are likely the result of large-scale external processes affecting the internal environment of the galaxies and enabling the current star formation there.</P>
Christen E. Chalmers,David J. Wright,Nilay A. Patel,Hunter Hitchens,Michelle McGarry,Thay Q. Lee,John A. Scolaro 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Background: Muscular forces drive proximal humeral fracture deformity, yet it is unknown if arm position can help mitigate such forces. Our hypothesis was that glenohumeral abduction and humeral internal rotation decrease the pull of the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles, minimizing varus fracture deformity. Methods: A medial wedge osteotomy was performed in eight cadaveric shoulders to simulate a two-part fracture. The specimens were tested on a custom shoulder testing system. Humeral head varus was measured following physiologic muscle loading at neutral and 20° humeral internal rotation at both 0° and 20° glenohumeral abduction. Results: There was a significant decrease in varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at 20° abduction. Significantly increasing humeral internal rotation decreased varus deformity caused by the subscapularis (p<0.05) at both abduction angles and that caused by the supraspinatus (p<0.05) and infraspinatus (p<0.05) at 0° abduction only. Conclusions: Postoperative shoulder abduction and internal rotation can be protective against varus failure following proximal humeral fracture fixation as these positions decrease tension on the supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. Use of a resting sling that places the shoulder in this position should be considered.
George Belev,Safa Kasap,J.A. Rowlands,David Hunter,Martin Yaffe 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Stabilized a-Se lms deposited at suciently low substrate temperatures aren-like in which electrons can drift but holes are deeplytrapped. Such layers can be conveniently incorporated in a multilayer a-Se detector structure to block the injection of holes from thepositive electrode. We have shown that a simple double-layer detector structure based on a cold depositedn-layer (which is thenannealed) on which an i-like layer is grown can have dark current densities lower than 10. 10 Acm. 2 at a eld of 10 V/l m. The darkcurrent depends on the thickness of then-like layer. An a-Se X-ray detector for slot scanning was fabricated by having thein a-Se photo-conductor structure coated onto a CCD chip. The latter detector was shown to have excellent resolution with a modulation transfer func-tion remaining above 0.5 up to a spatial frequency of 11-14 lp mm-¹
Zhang, Huagui,Kim, Yun Kon,Hunter, Timothy N.,Brown, Andrew P.,Lee, Jae W.,Harbottle, David Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.29
<▼1><P>Organo-clay–HCF particles are used to remove Cs<SUP>+</SUP> from aqueous environments. Cs-Loaded particles were subsequently separated <I>via</I> column flotation.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The selective capture of mobile radioactive nuclides, such as <SUP>137</SUP>Cs<SUP>+</SUP>, is crucial to the clean-up and remediation of contaminated environments. While remediation remains a challenging task, the current study considers novel organo-clay composites containing potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuHCF) as a viable option for large-scale clean-up. A three-step synthesis has been demonstrated whereby pristine montmorillonite clay was readily modified to incorporate KCuHCF nanoparticles for enhanced and selective Cs<SUP>+</SUP> removal from aqueous environments. Alkyldiamine (DT) was used as an organic modifier to intercalate the clay and provided chelating sites to anchor copper onto the clay matrix, from which KCuHCF nanoparticles were subsequently grown <I>in situ via</I> the coordination of hexacyanoferrate precursors with the immobilized copper ions. The organo-clay–HCF composite particles exhibited a superior Cs<SUP>+</SUP> adsorption capacity (<I>q</I>m = 206 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>), twice that of the pristine clay. The enhanced performance also extended to high Cs<SUP>+</SUP> selectivity in seawater, with the organo-clay–HCF composites demonstrating Cs<SUP>+</SUP> selectivity values in excess of 10<SUP>5</SUP> mL g<SUP>−1</SUP>, two orders of magnitude greater than the pristine clay. Organo modification of the clay particles reduced the particle wettability, thus facilitating the separation of Cs-loaded composite particles from aqueous environments by collector-less flotation. Batch flotation experiments showed recovery efficiencies of the Cs-loaded composite particles of up to 90%, which was in great contrast to the low recovery of less than 15% for the Cs-loaded pristine montmorillonite. The current study provides a new concept for the treatment of contaminated aqueous environments.</P></▼2>
Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
Bataille, Arnaud,Cashins, Scott D.,Grogan, Laura,Skerratt, Lee F.,Hunter, David,McFadden, Michael,Scheele, Benjamin,Brannelly, Laura A.,Macris, Amy,Harlow, Peter S.,Bell, Sara,Berger, Lee,Waldman, Bru The Royal Society 2015 Proceedings, Biological sciences Vol.282 No.1805
<P>The pathogenic chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal.</P>
The OncoArray Consortium: A Network for Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Common Cancers
Amos, Christopher I.,Dennis, Joe,Wang, Zhaoming,Byun, Jinyoung,Schumacher, Fredrick R.,Gayther, Simon A.,Casey, Graham,Hunter, David J.,Sellers, Thomas A.,Gruber, Stephen B.,Dunning, Alison M.,Michail American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention Vol.26 No.1
<P>Impact: Ongoing analyses will shed light on etiology and risk assessment for many types of cancer. (C)2016 AACR.</P>