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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Scheele, Benjamin (검색결과 4 건)
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Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
Bataille, Arnaud,Cashins, Scott D.,Grogan, Laura,Skerratt, Lee F.,Hunter, David,McFadden, Michael,Scheele, Benjamin,Brannelly, Laura A.,Macris, Amy,Harlow, Peter S.,Bell, Sara,Berger, Lee,Waldman, Bru The Royal Society 2015 Proceedings, Biological sciences Vol.282 No.1805
<P>The pathogenic chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal.</P>
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Theory and technology of growing striation-free crystals
Scheel, Hans J. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 2004 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.14 No.4
Striations are growth-induced inhomogeneities which hamper the applications of solid-solution crystals and of doped crystals in numerous technologies. Thus the optimized performance of solid solutions often can not be exploited. The inhomogeneity problem can be solved in specific cases by achieving a distribution coefficient one in growth from melts and from solutions. Macrostep-induced striations can be suppressed by controlling the growth mode, by achieving growth on facets thereby preventing step bunching. Thermal striations are commonly assumed to be caused by convective instabilities so that reduced convection by microgravity or by damping magnetic fields was and is widely attempted to reduce such inhomogeneities. Here it will be shown that temperature fluctuations at the growth interface cause striations, and that hydrodynamic fluctuations in a quasi-isothermal growth system do not cause striations. The theoretically derived conditions were experimentally established and allowed the growth of striation-free crystals of $KTa_{1-x}Nb_xO_3$"KTN" solid solutions. Hydrodynamic variations from the accelerated crucible rotation technique ACRT did not cause striations as long as the temperature was controlled within $0.03^{\circ}$ at $1200^{\circ}C$ growth temperature. Alternative approaches to solve or reduce the segregation and striation problems in growth from melts and from solutions are discussed as well.
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RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PATHOGEN RECOGNITION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN PLANT DEFENSE
Dierk Scheel,Beatrix Blume,Heribert Hirt,Thomas Kroj,Wilco Ligtering,Dirk Nennstie,Thorsten Nürnberger,Markus Tschöpe,Heidi Zinecker,Uta zur Nieden Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1998 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1998 No.-
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Monitoring bridge scour using dissolved oxygen probes
Azhari, Faezeh,Scheel, Peter J.,Loh, Kenneth J. Techno-Press 2015 Structural monitoring and maintenance Vol.2 No.2
Bridge scour is the predominant cause of overwater bridge failures in North America and around the world. Several sensing systems have been developed over the years to detect the extent of scour so that preventative actions can be performed in a timely manner. These sensing systems have drawbacks, such as signal inaccuracy and discontinuity, installation difficulty, and high cost. Therefore, attempts to develop more efficient monitoring schemes continue. In this study, the viability of using optical dissolved oxygen (DO) probes for monitoring scour depths was explored. DO levels are very low in streambed sediments, as compared to the standard level of oxygen in flowing water. Therefore, scour depths can be determined by installing sensors to monitor DO levels at various depths along the buried length of a bridge pier or abutment. The measured DO is negligible when a sensor is buried but would increase significantly once scour occurs and exposes the sensor to flowing water. A set of experiments was conducted in which four dissolved oxygen probes were embedded at different soil depths in the vicinity of a mock bridge pier inside a laboratory flume simulating scour conditions. The results confirmed that DO levels jumped drastically when sensors became exposed during scour hole evolution, thereby providing discrete measurements of the maximum scour depth. Moreover, the DO probes could detect any subsequent refilling of the scour hole through the deposition of sediments. The effect of soil permeability on the sensing response time was also investigated.
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