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An Efficient Multicast Routing Algorithm for Packet-Switched Networks
Chung, Sung-Jin,Hong, Sung-Pil,Park, Bum Hwan 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2
This paper has a dual purpose. First, we consider a relaxation algorithm which seems to be particularly suitable for multicasting routing problems. We show that the algorithm has polynomial complexity. Second, to measure the quality of solutions in comparison to the optimal solutions over a wide range of network sizes for which the computation of the optimal costs is too excessive, we also propose a random graph generation scheme in which an asymptotic lower bound on the expected optimal cost can be computed as a function of network node size.
Subcloning and Sequencing of β-Xylosidase Gene of Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K17
SUNG, NACK KIE,SHIM, KI HWAN,CHUN, HYO GON,CHUNG, CHUNG HEE,CHUNG, YOUNG CHUL,KO, HAK RYONG 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1988 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.7 No.-
The 5.0kb insert of pAX278, which was previously cloned, was reduced by various deletion and thus I. 4kb EcoRI-XbaI fragment was recloned into pUC19(pAK208). To increase β-xylosidase activity, the I. 4kb insert in pAK208 was recloned into expression vector, pKK223-3 (tac-promoter), and β-xylosidase activity in cell carring this plasmid (pKHR212) was increased was 3.5 times than that in pAX278. The complete nucleotide sequence of thermophilic alkalopilic Bacillus sp. K17 and its flanking regions were established. A 1263-bp open reading frame for β-xylosidase was observed. The molecular weight(50, 521 dalton) deduced from for β-xylosidase gene, was agreed with the result obtained by SDS-polyacry-lamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence was found-8 bp upstream of the initiation codon ATG. The 1-10 regions for promotor sequence of β-xylosidase gene were similar to the consensus sequence for B. subtilis RNA polymerase, and the-35 regions were different from all the known promotor for B. subtilis RNA polymerase.
( Sang Woo Park ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Rew ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Wan Sik Lee ),( Young Eun Joo ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Ectopic varices are rare cause of gastrointestinal bleedings with high mortality in portal hypertensive patients. Their bleedings comprise of only 1~5% of all gastrointestinal variceal bleedings. Patients with ectopic variceal bleedings manifestate melena, hematochezia or hematemesis with severe anemia or shock and they need urgent managements. Their definitive therapeutic modalities are not standardized yet because of their low incidence rate and various therapeutic modalities are being applied based on experience of experts or availability of facilities with variable results. We present 7 cases of 5 patients of gastrointestinal ectopic variceal bleedings successfully treated with various endoscopic treatments. In all our case series, satisfactory hemostasis was achieved by various endoscopic modalities without radiologic interventions such as Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) or Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Cyanoacrylate injection and endoscopic variceal band ligations (EVLs) showed one complication respectively. However, cyanoacrylate injections generally accomplished better results of variceal obturations compared with EVLs or hemoclippings without serious complications. Despite of complications of cyanoacrylate injections, it seems to be an effective and widely acceptable method for control of ectopic variceal bleedings.
Sonographic Assessment of the Extent of Extrathyroidal Extension in Thyroid Cancer
Chung Sae Rom,Baek Jung Hwan,Choi Young Jun,Sung Tae-Yon,Song Dong Eun,Kim Tae Yong,Lee Jeong Hyun 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.10
Objective: This study aimed to determine the sonographic features suggestive of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of thyroid cancers. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic images of 1656 consecutive patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in 2017. The diagnostic performance of sonographic features suggestive of ETE was evaluated using operation and histopathologic reports. Sonographic features for gross ETE to the strap muscle and minor ETE were assessed for thyroid cancer abutting the anterolateral thyroid capsule. Sonographic features for tracheal invasion were assessed according to whether the angle between the tumor and the trachea was an acute, right, or obtuse angle. Sonographic features for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) invasion were assessed based on the association between the tumor and tracheoesophageal groove (TEG) as preserved normal tissue, abutting or protruding into the TEG. Results: ETE was observed in 783 patients (47.3%), including 123 patients with gross ETE (7.4% [strap muscle, n = 97; RLN, n = 24; and trachea, n = 14]) and 660 patients with minor ETE (39.9%). Regarding the diagnosis of gross and minor ETE to the strap muscle, sonographic features of replacement of the strap muscle and capsular disruption showed the highest positive predictive value (75.9% and 58.5%, respectively). Thyroid cancer forming an obtuse angle with the trachea had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of tracheal invasion (85.7%), and thyroid cancer protrusion into the TEG showed the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of RLN (83.3%). Conclusion: Sonography is considered beneficial in the diagnosis of ETE to the strap muscle, trachea, and RLN. Assessment of ETE is important for the accurate staging of thyroid cancer, which in turn determines the extent of surgery or whether active surveillance is appropriate or not.
( Sung Bum Cho ),( Yen Joo Kim ),( Won Hyung Choi ),( Chung Hwan Cheon ),( Ki Hoon Lee ),( Nam Kyu Zang ),( Jin Woong Kim ),( Young Eun Joo ),( Sung Kyu Cho ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
Background: Liver abscess was very rare but serious complication lead to liver failure and fatal outcomes after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was evaluated to clinical features of TACE related liver abscess and predicting risk factors among HCC patients who developed postembolization syndrome after TACE. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2010, 13 patients of liver abscess which was undergone percutanous drainage developed in 2582 sessions of TACE. There was retrospectively analyzed to clinical features and predicting risk factors of liver abscess compared with control group who was selected 181 patients with fever after TACE. Results: The incidence of liver abscess was 0.5%. The etiologic types were necrosis related abscess (7 cases, 54%), biloma related abscess (4 cases, 31%), indirect abscess (2 cases, 15%). The mean interval time between percutanous drainage and TACE was 51±38 days. The positive culture rate was 69 % (9 cases) and organisms were enterococcus (4), Klebsiella pnemumoniae (2), Escherichia coli (1), Citrobacter (1) and Clostridium difficile (1). Abscess group was more higher peak AST level, peak bilirubin level, single nodular type HCC, Choledocholithiasis, air forming tumoral necrosis than control group. Independent predicting risk factors to abscess was only large air forming tumoral necrosis. The overall mortality rate of abscess was 61%. 6 patients were died caused by directly related to abscess. Conclusions: TACE related liver abscess was fatal infectious complication related to extensive air forming tumoral necrosis. The clinician should be considered to possibility of developing abscess in HCC patient with high risk factors after TACE.
( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Ka Rham Kim ),( Jae Hyun Yoon ),( Han Ra Koh ),( Won Suk Choi ),( Kyu Man Cho ),( Sung Uk Lim ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Young Eun Joo ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.4
Background/Aims: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBC; Histoacryl) for treatment of bleeding gastric varices. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 455 patients with gastric variceal hemorrhage (GVH) who were consecutively treated with NBC from January 2004 to July 2013, with a mean follow-up period of 582 days. The patients` endoscopic findings, initial hemostasis, complications, rebleeding rates, and bleeding- related death rates were reviewed. Results: Hemostasis was achieved initially in 96.9% (441/455) of patients; rebleeding occurred in 35.2% (160/455), and the bleeding-related death rate was 6.8% (31/455) during follow-up. Complications included fever (6.8%), abdominal pain (3.7%), diarrhea (1.3%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (0.7%), bacteremia (0.4%), and embolism (0.2%). A red-color sign on concomitant esophageal varices (EVs) (p = 0.002) and previous history of variceal bleeding (p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for rebleeding within 1 year. The Child-Pugh score (p < 0.001), presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.001), and failure of initial hemostasis (p < 0.001) were the risk factors most closely associated with bleeding-related death. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with GVH. The results may help in the selection of effective treatment strategies for patients with GVH.
Second run of transcranial magnetic stimulation has no effects on persistent auditory hallucinations
Chung, Young-Chul,Im, Eun-Sung,Cho, Gwang-Hyun,Ko, Myung-Hwan Informa Healthcare 2007 The world journal of biological psychiatry Vol.8 No.1
<P> We report the case of a 30-year-old male schizophrenic patient with persistent auditory hallucinations (AHs) who had received two 1-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) to the left temporoparietal cortex. The patient had suffered from severe persistent AHs for more than 5 years with little improvement in response to various types of combination pharmacotherapy of antipsychotics. Upon commencement of TMS, however, the patient reported substantial improvement by the end of the third week of the treatment. The patient was discharged, but readmitted 6 months later because his AHs returned to their initial severity. A second run of TMS had no therapeutic effect. Further research is needed to establish the therapeutic duration of TMS treatment and to assess whether the second run of TMS after AH reoccurrence has therapeutic benefits.</P>