ALMOST SURE CONVERGENCE FOR WEIGHTED SUMS OF NA RANDOM VARIABLES

BAEK J. I.,NIU S. L.,LIM P. K.,AHN Y. Y.,CHUNG S. M. The Korean Statistical Society 2005 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.34 No.4

Let {$X_n,\;n{\ge}1$} be a sequence of negatively associated random variables which are dominated randomly by another random variable. We discuss the limit properties of weighted sums ${\Sigma}^n_{i=1}a_{ni}X_i$ under some appropriate conditions, where {$a_{ni},\;1{\le}\;i\;{\le}\;n,\;n\;{\ge}\;1$} is an array of constants. As corollary, the results of Bai and Cheng (2000) and Sung (2001) are extended from the i.i.d. case to not necessarily identically distributed negatively associated setting. The corresponding results of Chow and Lai (1973) also are extended.

한국에서의 소아기 원발성 심근증

천은정,강이석,배은정,이종균,길홍량,윤향석,김용욱,박희주,고재곤,노정일,이흥재 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.5

Screening of Interferon Inducer and Its Induction Mechanism

김경태,최용경,정홍석,정일엽,변시명,Kim, K.T.,Choe, Y.K.,Chung, H.S.,Chung, I.Y.,Byun, S.M. 생화학분자생물학회 1985 한국생화학회지 Vol.18 No.1

섬유 아세포인 FS-4를 사용하여 $\beta$-인퍼페론 생산에 대한 poly I: poly C 및 다른 여러 물질의 유도 효과를 조사하였다. Superinduction에 의해 생성된 $\beta$-인터페론은 약 9,000 U/ml의 활성을 보였으며 vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)의 증식을 억제하는 뚜렷한 항 바이러스 성질을 보였다. 또 생성된 인터페론 중 소량을 세포에 미리 처리하면 인터페론의 생성이 증가하는 priming 효과도 관찰되었다, 이때 유도물질 중 poly I: poly C를 변성시켜 처리하면 유도 효과가 감소 했으며 DEAE-dextran과 complex를 만들면 증가하였다. 그러고 항암 작용이 있는 것으로 알려진 천연물의 추출물을 인터폐론 유도에 사용해 보았으나 거의 모두 인터페론을 유도하는 데는 바효과적 이었다. 한편 음성 이온기를 많이 가진 물질중 헤파린을 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$로 세포에 처리한 결과 보통의 초 유도기작 (superinduction)을 통한 인터페론의 생성량보다 3배 정도의 증가를 보였다. The effect of incubation with polyanion materials after stimulation of interferon production and of superinduction on poly I: poly C-induced human foreskin cell cultures, FS-4, was studied. The screening of interferon inducer from natural products was also performed. Under the optimal conditions, superinduction, in which poly I: poly C-DEAE-dextran was used as a interferon inducer, produced about 9,000 units/ml from fully monolayered FS-4 cells(about $10^6$ cells). By the incubation with a polyanion material, heparin, after sequential treatments with cycloheximide and actinomycin D in the superinduction method, interferon yield increased about 3 times more than that of the normal superinduction. The most of the materials from natural products used in our experiments, which were traditionally known as anticancer substances were ineffective to induce $\beta$-interferon. The effect of conformation of poly I: poly C and of priming in the interferon induction was also observed. Priming and native poly I: poly C complexed with DEAE-dextran had improved capacity to induce interferon.

아산시 지역에서 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률: 표본인구 설문조사

조영석 ( Young Seok Cho ),최명규 ( Myung Gyu Choi ),신석준 ( Seok Jun Shin ),추교영 ( Kyo Young Choo ),정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),이인석 ( In Seok Lee ),김상우 ( Sang Woo Kim ),최황 ( Hwang Choi ),한석원 ( Sok Won Han ),정인식 ( I 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2004 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.10 No.1

목적: 우리나라의 과민성 장 증후군과 배변증상의 유병률을 조사하고, 다른 진단 기준을 적용하였을 때 유병률에 차이가 있는 지를 알아보기 위하여 지역사회 주민을 대상으로 무작위 표본추출조사를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 충청남도 아산시 보건소와 협조하여 11개 면과 2개동을 무작위로 선정한 후, 인구에 비례하여 18세 이상 70세 미만의 남녀 2,024명을 무작위로 표본추출하였다. 조사원이 대상가구를 직접 방문하여 배변증상을 설문지로 조사하였다. 결과: 3회 방문에 부재 중이거나 제외기준에 속한 주민을 제외하고, 1,417명(남 762명, 평균 44±14세, 여 655명, 평균 43±15세) 이 설문지를 완료하였다. 로마기준 II에 의한 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 2.2% (95% 신뢰구간 [95% CI], 1.4~3.0)이었고, 로마기준 I으로는 2.8% ([95% CI], 1.9~3.7)였다. 복통과 Manning 기준 중 2가지 이상을 만족하는 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 3.6% ([95% CI], 2.6~4.6)였다. Manning 기준과 로마기준 I, 그리고 Manning 기준과 로마기준 II간에는 각각 moderate agreement를 나타내었다(κ=0.48; p<0.001), (κ=0.50; p<0.001). 로마기준 I과 로마기준 II간에는 substantial agreement를 나타내어(κ=0.66; p<0.001) 세 가지 진단기준 중 로마기준 I과 로마기준 II의 경우에 일치의 정도가 가장 높았다. 결론: 로마기준 II를 적용하여 표본추출 설문조사에 의한 우리나라의 과민성 장 증후군의 유병률은 2.2%이며, 적용된 진단기준에 따라 차이가 있었다. Backgr ound/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in Caucasians and Japanese, but its epidemiology has not been studied in random Korean populations. It has been suggested that the variation in the prevalence of IBS may be due to the application of different diagnostic criteria. New criteria for IBS have been proposed (Rome II). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IBS in a random population in Asan city, Korea by using the Bowel Symptom Questionnaire (BSQ), which was based on the multinational, diagnostic, Rome II criteria for functional bowel disorders, as a measure of GI symptoms and to compare diagnostic criteria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using a reliable and valid questionnaire based on the fulfillment of the Rome II criteria was performed in a random population in Asan city, Korea, on residents aged 18~69 yr. The response rate was 78.4% (n=1417). All respondents were interviewed at either their homes or offices by a team of interviewers. Results: The prevalence for BS according to the Rome II, Rome I, and Manning criteria was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4~3.0), 2.8% (95% CI, 1.9~3.7), and 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6~4.6), respectively. There was moderate agreement between the Manning and Rome II criteria (κ=0.48; p<0.001), and between the Manning and Rome II criteria (κ=0.50; p<0.001), but substantial agreement between the Rome I and Rome II criteria (κ=0.66; p<0.001). The prevalence for abdominal bloating was 4.0% (95% CI, 3.0~5.1), for diarrhea was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3~1.2), and for constipation was 2.6% (95% CI, 1.8~3.5). Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS based on the Rome II criteria was 2.2%. The prevalence of IBS varied substantially depending on the specific definition of IBS used. (Kor J Neur ogastr oenterol Motil 2004;1:49-56)

DERIVATION MODULES OF GROUP RINGS AND INTEGERS OF CYCLOTOMIC FIELDS

Chung, I.Y. Korean Mathematical Society 1983 대한수학회보 Vol.20 No.1

Let R be a commutative ring with 1, and A a unitary commutative R-algebra. By a derivation module of A, we mean a pair (M, d), where M is an A-module and d: A.rarw.M and R-derivation, i.e., d is an R-linear mapping such that d(ab)=a)db)+b(da). A derivation module homomorphism f:(M,d).rarw.(N, .delta.) is an A-homomorphism f:M.rarw.N such that f.d=.delta.. A derivation module of A, (U, d), there exists a unique derivation module homomorphism f:(U, d).rarw.(M,.delta.). In fact, a universal derivation module of A exists in the category of derivation modules of A, and is unique up to unique derivation module isomorphisms [2, pp. 101]. When (U,d) is a universal derivation module of R-algebra A, the A-module U is denoted by U(A/R). For out convenience, U(A/R) will also be called a universal derivation module of A, and d the R-derivation corresponding to U(A/R).

Biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts using livestock wastewater as nutrient source after phosphate struvite recovery

Chung, J.,Lee, I.,Han, J.I. Butterworths [etc.] ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fuel Vol.186 No.-

Microbial oils, which can be converted to biodiesel, could be produced by oleaginous yeast. To reduce the overall cost, which is a limitation of heterotrophic cultivation, the livestock wastewater (LW) was examined as a feedstock. It was found that the LW needed pretreatment, and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was effective, surpassing sonication and shaking. The nature of HC made it possible to disintegrate cells and release nutrients like phosphorus; it also rendered ammonia stripping and struvite formation, when MgO was added. The pretreated LW with the HC supported the growth of the two yeasts: C. pseudolambica had 3.6h of doubling time, 2.19g/L of DCW, and 35.3% lipid per dry mass; and I. occidentalis had 2.9h of doubling time with 6.54g/L of final DCW, and 28.9% lipid per dry mass. All this showed the LW could turn into a valuable resource, as long as a suitable pretreatment.

남은 음식물 사료가 육성 비육돈의 성장과 도체특성에 미치는 영향

정일병,김동훈,문홍길,배인휴,남병섭,김영화,허상만,양철주 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding RFW (recycled food waste) on performance in growing-finishing pigs. Four treatments with 3 RFW levels were tried in this study; 0% PT (pellet containing 0% RFW), 30% MT (mash containing 30% RFW), 30% PT (pellet containing 30% RFW) and 50% PT (pellet containing 50% RFW). For feeding trials, 60 heads of cross-bred barrows (Duroc x Landrace: average live weight 30 ㎏) were employed to 4 treatments with s replicates of 3 pigs each. For metabolic trials, 12 cross-bred barrows (average live weight 68 ㎏) were used with 3 replicates. The results obtained are as followings; ADG of 50% PT was significantly (P $lt; 0.05) lower than 0% PT and 30% PT, but 30% MT and 30% PT were not significantly different from 0% PT. In F/G ratio, 2.97 of 30% PT was not (P $gt; 0.05) significantly different from 2.85 of 0% PT treatment. Dressing percentage and back fat thickness were not significantly different among treatment. Addition of RFW increased appearance rate of carcass grade A or B. Nutrient digestibility was decreased by increasing RFW levels. The 30% PT was not significantly different from 0% PT in both DE and digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber, but significantly less in digestibility of crude protein and crude ash (P $lt; 0.05). Economic analysis based on feed cost per weight gain showed that pelleting feed with food waste 30% was the most economical.

Conray-60을 이용한 뇌실조영술의 임상적 경험

정혁인,변영우,임만빈,변인수,김인홍 대한신경외과학회 1979 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.8 No.1

Adequate demonstration of the structures of the posterior fossa and the midline cerebral ventricular system is one of the most difficult problems in neuroradiology. During the last 2 years, we have performed conray ventriculography on 31 patients with clinical evidence of intracranial hypertension, in whom posterior fossa lesion was suspected or a supratentorial hemispheric lesion was not evident by carotid angiography. The patient is placed in the supine position and drilled 5cm above the nasion and 3cm to one side of the midline of nondominant hemisphere. A No. 20 spinal needle is inserted through the tract and aimed toward the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. About 4 to 6cc of conray is introduced into the anterior horn with head flexed. The head is slowly extended. Serial roentgenograms are used to follow the conray trough the ventricular system.

Analytic treatment of distributions of lithium neutrals and ions in linear devices

Chung, K.S.,Hirooka, Y.,Ashikawa, N.,Cho, S.G.,Choi, H.G.,Kang, I.J.,Tsuchiya, H. North-Holland 2017 Fusion engineering and design Vol.119 No.-

<P>Neutral lithium (Li) has been used for the mitigation of heat flux to the plasma facing components and for the control of hydrogen of fusion plasmas. Radial and axial variations of densities of Li neutrals and ions are obtained analytically for a cylindrical chamber by assuming the classical diffusion with or without the magnetic field (B). Neutrals and ions without B can be expressed as a linear combination of the modified Bessel functions of order zero (I-0 and K-0), while ions with B are to be expressed as the square root of them. Analytical solutions of Li neutral densities with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are compared to those using Monte Carlo simulation and experimental values of the LIGHT-1 (Lithium Injection Gettering of Hydrogen and its Transport experiments) device. Proper combinations of the relaxation length and size of the source would produce well fitted profiles similar to those observed experimentally and those using Monte Carlo codes. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

각종 천연 크로마이트광의 고체탄소에 의한 환원거동에 관한 연구

이일옥,정원섭,김동의 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1995 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.33 No.3

As a fundamental research to establish an efficient process for the solid-state reduction of chromite, reduction behavior of natural chromites were investigated experimentally and interpreted in terms of thermodynamics. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The reduction of oxide components in natural chromite tended to process in the sequence of Fe₃O₄, FeCr₂O₄ and MgCr₂O₄. The tendency was pronounced at low temperatures. 2) Below 1200℃, reduction of chromite proceeded sequentially, i.e. (Mg, Fe)(Cr, Al, Fe)₂O₄→ Fe or Fe₃C+Fe-poor Non-stoichimetric chromite → (Fe, Cr)_7C₃+MgAl₂O₄ 3) Above 1200℃, reduction of chromite proceeded sequentially, i.e. (Mg, Fe)(Cr, Al, Fe)₂O₄ → (Fe, Cr)_7C₃+Non-stoichimetric chromite → (Fe, Cr)_7C₃+MgAl₂O₄ 4) Reduction degree of chromite was higher with increasing Fe/Cr ratio of chromite composition. 5) Reduction rate of various chromite ore by solid carbon is higher in order SA, RM, IH, PH and IM at the same condition.