석탄계용융환원 Fe-Cr 제조법

이일옥,조종민 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1987 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.25 No.7

선행진통법: 소아 편도·아데노이드절제술시 수술 전 혹은 후에 투여한 Tiaprofenic Acid의 제통 효과 비교

이일옥 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.2

Background : The aim of this study was to investigate the pre-emptive effect of preoperative intravenous tiaprofenic acid in children aged 4~11 years after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Methods : We compared in 45 children the effect of preoperative with postoperative tiaprofenic acid (5 mg/kg) on pain after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, which was approved by Ethics Committee. Informed consents were obtained from all their parents. After induction of anesthesia, patients were allocated randomly to receive a tiaprofenic acid intravenously either before (n=15) or immediately after (n=15) surgery. The control group was received saline (n=15). Postoperative pain was rated on a faces scale for postoperative 48 hours. Tiaprofenic acid was given when patient complained pain. The cumulative pain score within 3 hours and 48 hours, time to the first analgesic administration, total requirement of analgesics for 48 hours and the first time of swallowing 50 ml water were checked. Results : Postoperative pain score of the preoperative group was significantly lower than the postoperative group at 9, 42, and 48 hours after operation. The cumulative pain scores during the first 3 hours were 15±4 (p<0.05 vs postoperative), 21±7 and 22±5 in pre, postoperative and saline groups respectively. The cumulative pain scores for 48 hours were 40±18 (p<0.05 vs postoperative), 61±17 and 63±18 in pre, postoperative and saline groups respectively. The times of the first swallowing were 6 (5∼6)(p<0.05 vs postoperative) hours, 7 (6.7∼9)hours, and 8 (4.5∼8.7)hours after operation in pre, postoperative, and saline groups respectively. Conclusions : Preoperative tiaprofenic acid in the tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was effective on the reducing the intensity of the postoperative pain. The time to the first swallowing was shorter in the preoperative than postoperative group. The results of this study support the theory of pre-emptive analgesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 341∼347)

회분식 고유 유동층 환원로내 입도분포가 넓은 분철광석의 유동특성

이일옥,정우창,정원배,주상훈,정원섭 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1997 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.35 No.9

Currently more than 80 % of raw iron ore is produced in a state of fines under 8 ㎜ in diameter in the world. In order to produce metallic products such as DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) and/or hot metal directly from fine iron ore without pretreatment, a fluidized bed technology should be adopted. In the present study, characteristics of a fluidized bed with iron ore fines in the size range of 1 to 5 ㎜ have been investigated at high temperature (700-850℃) in terms of the minimum fluidization velocity, fluidization patterns, the pressure drop, the solid hold-up in the reactor, etc. using a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor. It was observed that the minimum fluidization velocity of particles in wide size range is equivalent to that of the particle of harmonic mean size. The optimum gas velocity for fluidization is about 1.2 to 1.3 times of the minimum fluidization velocity and this is similar to the result observed in the experiments in cold (room temperature) state. During heat-up and reduction in the reactor, iron ore particles are degraded due to the thermal and reduction reaction shocks. It was also found that the degradation of ore particles was completed in the early stage of reduction reactions, within 10 minutes.

Vecuronium 과 Pancuronium 의 분할 투여 및 방법의 임상적 효과

이일옥,최영석,윤석민,오성숙 대한마취과학회 1990 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.23 No.1

The individual onset of action of pancuronium and vecuronium has been examined with a priming dose of same or the other agent or two times priming. Measurement of changes in the Tl% of TOF ratio of the adductor pollicis muscle were performed by Accelograph (Biometer). Sixty adult patients were administered Vecuronium(V) 0.015mg/kg (group 1), V 0.005mg/kg 3 minutes after 0.01mg/ kg(group 2), Pancuronium(P) 0. 015 mg/kg(group 3,4) as a priming agents. After 5 minutes, the intubating dose of V 0.085mg/kg (group 1,2,3), P 0.085 mg/kg (group 4) were administered with the induction agent, thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg. All sixty patients underwent orotracheal intubation at 60 seconds after the injection of intubating dose. Intubation condition, reduction of Tl% at 60 seconds, the onset time of maximal blockade (Tl 0%) were evaluated. There was no difficulty in intubation. Fifty-two (86%) patients were distributed in exellent and satisfactory grade of largest in group 2. While group 3 showed more rapid than group 4, group 2 showed the most rapid onset time significantly. These results indicate that the twicely divided dose of vecuronium for priming agent may be adequate and vecuronium after priming with pancuronium is more rapid than priming with same agent.

Vecuronium 의 근이완 작용에 대한 Neostigmine 과 Pyridostigmine 의 조기 투여 효과에 대한 비교

이일옥,윤석민,김종욱 대한마취과학회 1991 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.24 No.3

To compare the time course of neostigmine and pyridostigmine antagonism of profound neuromuscular blockade (no-twitch: when no response to peripheral nerve stimulation could be elicited) induced by vecuronium, the authors studied 30 patients who were ASA Physical Status I or II undergoing minor surgery, free from neuromuscular, renal or hepatic dieases. Train-of Four[TOF] stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve every ISseconds and the force of contraction of adductor pollicis muscle was recorded. In all patients, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium(5 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg), endotracheal intubation was performed at 100% depression of the T₁(the first response in the train-of-four sequence). Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups Five minutes after intubation, when there was no detectable twitch response, each patient received either neostigmine(0.03 mg/kg) with atropine sulfate(0.02 mg/kg). Neuromuscular fuction in another ten subjects were allowed to recover spontaneously. The results were as follows; 1) Profound neuromuscular blockade was not rapidly antagonized by either neostigmine or pyridostigmine but the use of anticholinesterase was effeetive for recovery. 2) The results demonstrated that there were no difference in antagonism of vecuronium induced profound neuromuscular block between neostigmine and pyridostigmine. 3) The time to 100% depression of T₁ after vecuronium injection was 190.5±38.7 sec. 4) After anticholinesterase administration, in all groups, the changes of mean arterial pressure and heart rate were within ±10% of control after anticholinesterase dministration were observed.

입도분포가 넓은 분철광석의 유동층의 환원에 있어서 분화와 비산 특성

이일옥,정우창,정원배,강흥원,김행구,김용하 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1997 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.35 No.9

The reduction behavior of iron ore fines of multi-sized distribution in a fluidized bed has been extensively investigated in the aspects of degradation and elutriation. The present study has endeavored to obtain fundamental data for effective plant operations and improvements of devices in fluidized-bed systems through fully understanding the effects of operating parameters and dimension or design of reactor on the degradation and elutriation of ore fines during the fluidized-bed reduction. In the fluidizedbed reduction of iron ore fines of multi-sized distribution, the minimum fluidization velocity for fine ore particles smaller than 1500㎛, of which fluidization behavior is governed by the viscosity of gas, decreases with a increase in temperature while that for coarse ore particles larger than 1500㎛, of which fluidization behavior is governed by the force of inertia, increases with temperature. The minimum fluidization velocity equation proposed by Wen and Yu shows most reliable prediction in this study. The abrasion and degradation during fluidized-bed reduction are more severe when the ore particles are coarse, and in this study, the weight pct of ore particles smaller than 250㎛ increased from 27wt% to 45wt% and that of ore particles smaller than 500㎛ increased from 42wt% to 57wt% after the fluidized-bed reduction. It has been confirmed with a mathematical model of elutriation loss that as the superficial gas velocity increases, the fluidization of coarse ore becomes more vigorous but the elutriation rate and the concentration of iron ore fines entrained in gas also increase and it finally results in a high elutriation loss.

Labetalol 일시 정주가 기관내 삽관시 심혈관계 반응의 억제에 미치는 영향

이일옥 대한마취과학회 1995 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.29 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of preinduction intravenous bolus injection of labetalol in attenuating the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation following induction of general anesthesia. Forty patients, ASA Physical Status I, scheduled for elective surgery were selected randomly. They were divided into four groups(Group 1:control group with saline, Group 2:labetalol 1.0 mg/Kg, Group 3:labetalol 1.25 mg/Kg, Group 4:labetalol 1.5 mg/Kg, n 10 in each group) giving as a bolus 5 minutes before induction with thiopental sodium(5 mg/Kg) and succinylcholine(1 mg/Kg). After tracheal intubation, vecuronium 0.1 mg/Kg was injected, 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 2% enflurane were inhaled. We measured the blood pressure and heart rate with noninvasive method at one minute intervals for 10 minutes. Preinduction labetalol alone, prior to thiopental /succinylcholine, did not produce significant changes in hemodynamics. Dose of labetalol 1.5 mg/Kg produced significant ablation of systolic blood pressure (146.6±8.6 mmHg comparing with 165.5±17.6 mmHg, 162.0±19.7 mmHg, and 158.4± 17.6 mmHg in Group 1, 2, and 3, respectively) after tracheal intubation. All labetalol groups produced less changes in heart rate ( 97.3±7.5 beats per minute, 97.5±12.7 beats per minute, 97.5±11.8 beats per minute, and 107.7±14.0 beats per minute in Group 2, 3, 4, and 1, respectively) after tracheal intubation, but were not significantly different in all groups. We suggested that the pressure responses to tracheal intubation were sufficiently controlled by labetalol 1.5 mg/Kg bolus injection prior induction, and simultaneously, we had to give attention to the side effects until postoperative period. We also suggested that labetalol bolus injection prior induction blunted heart rate changes caused by tracheal intubation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1995; 29: 42-49)

척수 손상시 Fentanyl, Halothane 마취에 의한 뇌 체성 감각 유발 전위 변화에 관한 연구

이일옥,최영석 대한마취과학회 1992 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.25 No.6

Spinal cord injury may occur during surgical correction of spinal deformity. In this situations, administrations of opiate receptor antagonists have known to improve spinal cord damage. Although those therapeutic modalities for the management of acute trauma of the spinal cord, impsoved the mean systemic arterial pressure controversy continues regarding their effectiveness Because opioids or inhalational anesthetics are used clinically, the effect of an opiate antagonist was evaluated by cortical somatosensory evoked potentials(cortical SEPs) which occur in 24 cats undergoing compressive injury on the posterior spinal cord during fentanyl or halothane anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with pentobarbiturate(50 mg/kg, im). A balloon tipped catheter was inserted in the epidural space with tip located at thoracolumbar Junction. Spinal cord compressive injury was produced by balloon inflation for 20 minutes during intravenous saline infusion (control group), fentanyl(group l) or halothane(group 2) anesthesia Naloxone(5mg/kg) was administered intravenously following injury to all animals. Cortical SRPs were determined before and after induction of anesthesia, during the spinal cord compressive injury for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, l5 minutes, 20 minutes, after naloxone administration, and after removal of compressive injury. General anesthesia resulted in increases of latency and reductions of amplitude in the cortical SEPs. The reductions of amplitude were more marked than increases of latency in group 1, 2. During the cord injury, group 1 resulted in more reductions of amylitude than the other groups. But there were no significant differences among the groups. The administration of naloxone far improved latencies and amplitudes in the cortical SEPs of group 1 more than in other two groups. But there were no significant differences among the groups. Less recovery of the cortical SRPs response to naloxone in control group than the other groups. These results do nat support the supposition that opioid anesthesia produces an adverse effect upon cortical SEPs following spinal cord compressive injury and treatment with naloxone in the dose used in this study improves neurologic recovery of cortical SEPs less significantly

노인의 수술전 자율기능 검사는 기관내 삽관시 정주한 Labetalol 의 심혈관계에 대한 효과를 예측할 수 있는가 ?

이일옥 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.30 No.3

Background: This study was to evaluate the relationship of preoperative autonomic tests to the labetalol effect on cardiovascular responses to intubation of geriatrics(65 years of age or older, n=23). The autonomic tests consisted of heart rate response to deep breathing(HRdb), Valsalva ratio(VR), 30/15 ratio(30/15) to assess parasympathetic function. The systolic blood pressure change response to standing(△ SBP) and mean arterial pressure change response to standing(△MAP) were to assess sympathetic function. Methods: These autonomic tests were taken preoperatively. At a separate time, labetalol 1.0 mg/kg was injected as a bolus 3 minutes before induction with thiopental sodium (4 mg/kg), succinylcholine (1 mg/kg). The anesthesia was maintained with enflurane, oxygen, nitrous oxide and vecuronium (0.08 mg/kg). The blood pressure and heart rate(HR) were recorded at one minute intervals for 5 minutes after intubation. The hypotension (SBP$lt;90 mmHg) or bradycardia (HR$lt;60 beats/minute) were recorded for 10 minut after intubation. After anesthesia, they were divided two groups according to presence(old abnormal group, n=10, who required intraoperative vasopressors) or absence(old normal group, n=13, who did not require intraoperative vasopressors) of hypotension or bradycardia. Results: The VR and △MAP revealed significant correlation with SBP and HR after intubation and 5 minutes later(p$lt;0.05). The autonomic test results revealed significant autonomic dysfunction(p$lt;0.05) among old abnormal group compared with old normal group. HR and SBP declined to a greater degree(p$lt;0.05) during induction of anesthesia in old abnormal group compared with old nortnal group. There was less(p$lt;0.05) increase in the same parameters following intubation in old abnormal group. The highest sensitive autonomic test was VR and the highest specific autonomic test was △MAP. Conclusions: Geriatric patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular instability during intubation. The preoperative evaluation with autonomic tests may be useful indentifying those at high risk for perioperative hypotension or bradycardia when pre-induction intravenous labetalol 1.0 mg/kg is indicated.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Formalin on Paw Edema and Pain Behaviors in Rats

이일옥,You-SeongJeong 대한의학회 2002 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.17 No.1