多變量分析에 依한 琴湖江의 水質評價

朴永圭,李哲熙,鄭輝洙 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1986 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.1

The results of the multivaraite analysis in order to estimate water quality of the Kum-ho river were as follows: 1. The water quality of the Kum-ho river estimated by the factor scores were seasonably homogeneous throughout the period of this research. 2. The cumulative proportion includings the third principal components was ranked as high as 97.8%. 3. The first principal components except water temperature, which the factor loading of which marked over 0.9, are composed of 14 items of water quality, and it was thought to be closely related to the river pollution caused by human activities and the waste water from near by factories. 4. In the relationship between the water quality and the flow of Kum-ho river was founded that COD and the factor scores related closely to each other from the relationship. Therefore, the run-off loading rate could be explained most completely by COD(Cr) and factor scores. And the run-off loading rate of the Kum-ho river basin showed almost no variation at the lower reaches, where the pollutions were mainly contributed by the point sources.

주거지역 오수발생 특성 및 원단위 산정

박철휘,양경수,배윤선 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the quantity of discharged sewage unit loading factor and the quality of various pollutants in domestic (detached house and apartment) and commercial site. Measurement were worked at Bucheon and Seogwipo city. One was selected because it was a developed lately community, the other was chosen because it was constructed for long period from 1973 to 1992. The sewage was sampled every two hours a day for a week per each season. Data for the quantity of used water, the number of population and areas were also investigated. The result of the study were as follows; (1) The average unit water use flowrate were 215.7l pcd for detached house, 200.6l pcd for apartment, 8.9l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 212.5l pcd for detached house, 187.7l pcd for apartment, 9.7l/㎡/d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (2) The average unit discharged sewage flowrate were 179.7l pcd for detached house, 187.4l pcd for apartment, 8.1l/㎡/d for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 159.4l pcd for detached house, 153.1l pcd for apartment, 5.6l/㎡ /d for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (3) The conversion ratio from water to sewage were 83.4% for detached house, 93.4% for apartment, 91.8% for commercial site in Bucheon city, and 75.0% for detached house, 82.2% for apartment, 57.5% for commercial site in Seogwipo city. (4) The average unitloading factor of pollutant were COD_cr 44.4 gpcd, BOD_5 23.3 gpcd, SS 14.3 gpcd, T-N 6.7 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for detached house, COD_cr 62.1 gpcd, BOD_5 29.5 gpcd, SS 21.4 gpcd, T-N 7.0 gpcd, T-P 0.8 gpcd for apartment. (5) The maximum sewage generation based on factors (water supply, running rate, valid water rate and etc.) could be predicted and compared with survey data.

음식물쓰레기 발효산물을 이용한 질소·인 동시 제거 운전 특성 인자

박철휘,신창민 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.3

In these days, the most of food waste is being landfilled, which give rise to the secondary environmental problems such as lechate and odor. The problem of BNR process for the domestic sewage are the deficit of carbon source compared with N, P so it is hard to get biologically effective N, P removal in sewage treatment plant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of BNR process using food waste fermenter. Experiments in a continuois pilot plant have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of using the food waste fermentation as an easily biodegradable carbon source for nitrogen and phosphorous removal. BOD/T-N and BOD/T-P ratio of food waste fermentation were 17.5 and 126.9 respectively, which is very high to compare with domestic sewage, therefore fermentation products of food waste was suitable for the external carbon source in BNR proces and the addition load introduced by use of the fermentation products of food waste can be considered negligible. The removal efficiencies of T-P and T-N with fermenter were about 90% and 60%, respectively.

퍼머제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

윤복연,문덕환,박명희,황용식,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in hair permanents agents and to prevent the health impairment due to heavy metal. Methods and Material : The author determined of 5 heavy metals(Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu) concentration hair permanent agents in the market with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The geometic mean concentrations of total subjects were 0.04㎍/g for Pb, 0.09㎍/g for Cr, 0.06㎍/g for Mn, 0.03㎍/g for Ni, and 0.04㎍/g for Cu. 2. The most highest mean concentrations of heavy metals in hair permanent agents by using type were Cr for wave agent and straight cream agent, Cu for setting iron agent, Cr and Cu for coating perm agent. 3. Metal most hlghest mean concentrations of heavy in hair permanent agents by type of color was green for Cu. 4. The mean concentration of Cu among 5 heavy metals in hair permanent agents by marker was most highest. 5. There was most statistically significant difference on mean concentration in hair permanent agents between domestic and foreign products. 6. The exposure amount of heavy metal concentration by one time using the permanent agent were 4.O㎍ for Pb, 9.O㎍ for Cr, 6.0㎍ for Mn, 3.O㎍ for Ni and 4.0㎍ for Cu. Conclusion : As above results author suggest to prepare the preventive program of health impairment due to heavy metal by long term chronic exposure to who were using the hair permanent agents hair designer and customers.

미용사들의 이직욕구에 관한 연구 : 직무스트레스, 근골격계 증상을 중심으로 Focusing on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Occupational Stress

서은경,문덕환,박명희,김정원,황용식,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on desire of job transfer in hairdresser and prevent the health impairment of hairdresser due to occupational stress and musculosketetal symptoms. Methods and Material : The author surveyed the desire of job transfer and muscurlosketetal symptoms and occupational stress with self-reported questionnaire to 105 hairdresser who were working in beautyshop of Busan area and also 121 student in department of cosmestology as control group. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The rates of self reported symptom were 81.0% for shoulder, 72.4% for back, 67.6% for knee, 58.1% for hand in hairdresser, and 79.3% for shoulder, 71.9% for back, 66.9% for neck, 64.5% for hand and knee in student. 2. The rate of musculoskeletal symptom by NIOSH criteria was 36.2% in hairdresser, it was higher than student group(24.8%)(p<0.1). Occupational stress of the groups by occupational stress category was high as decision latitude, skill discretion, psycological job demand, decision authority in order. 3. The results of logistic regression of related varibles with desire of quitting job by logistic regression were statistical bordline significance between desire of quilting and social support(p<0.1). Conclusion : As above results, the author suggest to prepare the preventive program an musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdresser, especially shoulder, and also to control the occupational stress to hairdresser in beauty shop because occupational stress can be a factor of desire of quitting job.

수입 외국산 모발세정용 화장품의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

문정아,문덕환,박명희,안진홍,김종은,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and preventing the health impairment due yo heavy metals in hair cleaner. Methods and Material : The author determined the concentration of heavy metals(Fb, fn, Cr, Ni and Cu) in hair cleaner with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of heavy metals in total hair cleaner were 0.046㎍/g for Pt, 0.O67㎍/g for Mn, 0.069㎍/g for Cr, 0.046㎍/g for Ni, and 0.022㎍/g for Cu, respectively. 2. There was not statistically significant difference to mean concentrations of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by producing nation. 3. The highest mean concentration of each heavy metal in hair cleaner by type of use were 0.140㎍/g for Mn in sensitive hair cleaner(p<0.05), 0.053㎍/g for Cu in others products(p<0.01). 4. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by type of hair cleaner were high at 0.O54㎍/g for Pb in shampoo products(p<0.O5), 0.120㎍/g for Cr and 0.06㎍/g for Cu in combination products(p<0.01). 5. The mean concentration of heavy metals in hair cleaner by acidity were high at 0.056㎍/g for Pb, 0.124㎍/g for Cr, and 0.032㎍/g for Cu in alkali products (p<0.05). 6. Correlation coefficient of heavy metal concentration in hair cleaner were 0.175 for Pb and Cr, 0.165 for Pb and Mn, 0.824 for Cr, and Mn, 0.189 for Cr, and Ni, 0.406 for Cr, and Cu, 0.197 for Mn and Ni, and 0.375 for Mn and Cu(p<0.05). 7. Exposure amount of heavy metals per when we used lOg of hair cleaner (onetime using amount) were 0.46㎍ for Pb, 0.67㎍ for Mn, 0.69㎍ for Cr, 0.46㎍ for Ni, and 0.22㎍ for Cu, respectively. Conclusion : As above results, there was very low level concentration of heavy metal in hair cleaner but we are using the hair cleaner everyday, therefore we can exposed to heavy metals as cronic exposure so the author suggest to prepare the program of preventing the health impairment due to heavy metals.

메셀로스폐액의 주입율에 따른 2단탈질공정의 질소 제거

정창화,심유섭,김성준,박철휘 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

The purpose of this study was to develop a solution to reduce the cost of methanol as external carbon source. The raw water of J-S.T.P. contains low concentration of readily biodegradable organics and high concentration of nitrogen due to the influents of industrial wastewater and leachate. Consequently, the influent C/N ratio is very low, and thus the supplemental addition of methanol is required to provide external carbon source for denitrification. Pilot plant experiments composed 2-stage denitrification process were performed to examine the effects and performances of the selected carbon source and the operation conditions for applications in practice. When the same amount of denitrifying substrates based on denitrification rate of methanol were injected, the effluent T-N concentration of using mecellulose wastewater was similar to that of methanol. Comparing the influent concentration of carbon source and the denitrification rate, it was shown that the denitrifying potential of mecellulose wastewater was 60% and injecting 1/3 of carbon source into the preanoxic tank was appropriate to ensure the stabilized effluent water quality. The COD,, requirement of mecellulose wastewater per nitrogen removed was 1.4 times of the required amount for methanol, and the settlability of sludge treated with mecellulose wastewater improved about 29%, which confirmed its potential as effective external carbon source.

소규모사업장 용접근로자들의 소음·용접흄·망간 노출에 관한 연구

김동구,문덕환,이채관,박명희,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the level exposure of welders to noise, welding fume and Manganese(Mn) related to this process. Methods and Material : All subjects in this study were welders engaged in CO2 arc and coated arc welding process especially in small-scale enterprises classified by type of manufacture of ship building, repairing and of other fabricated metal products, which is located in Gimhae and Milyang of Kyeongsang province in south Korea. Air sampling of welding fume was measured, shipped and analyzed on the basis of national institute for occupational safety and health(NIOSH) method in U.S. and work environment measurement method established in south Korea. To measure Noise in the work environment, Noise dosimeter was used on the basis of work environment measurement method established in south Korea. Result : This study was performed during a period from January, 2000 to December, 2001 and Results were as follows: 1. Noise level measured in this work environment was higher than national criteria for permissible exposure limit on health examinations related to hearing loss. 2. The concentration of welding fume and Mn in manufacture of ship building and repairing was higher than those in manufacture of other fabricated metal products. 3. In conditions of existing in ventilation system installed and operated, the concentration of welding fume and Mn was slightly lower than those of not existing. 4. In conditions of existing in sufficient air supply from out door into the work place relied on natural exhaust system, the concentration of welding fume and Mn was slightly lower than those of in not sufficient. 5. In all subjects, a rate of wearing ear plug and respiratory mask for dust and fume was lower than that of not wearing. Conclusion : According to above results, this study suggests that more positive work environment managements such as the use of portable local ventilation system, the supply of highly qualified personal protective equipment, and consecutive education and training related to health protection should be need to acquire suitable health protection program for welders engaged in small-scale enterprises in Korea.

GPS-X 시뮬레이션을 이용한 2단탈질 공정에서 외부탄소원 적용성 평가

정창화,심유섭,김태형,박철휘 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate adaptability of external carbon source using GPS-X program in pilot plant composed with 2-stage denitrification process. The result from analysis of pilot plant operation and GPS-X simulation showed that effluent concentration could be simulated similarly by modifying operation conditions, such as DO concentration, C/N ratio and other calibrated parameter. In order to satisfy the standard of the effluent water quality on T-N of 20㎎/L, it required approximately 3.1 of C/N ratio and 50% of nitrogen removal efficiency when influent T-N is 36.9㎎/L. To maintain the stable water quality of the receiving water, the effluent T-N concentration should be less than 10-15㎎/L and the appropriate C/N ratio to remove nitrogen was 4.27-6.82. The analysis of sensitivity to kinetic coefficient and reaction constant showed that Y_(H) and μ_(mAUT) were most sensitive to nitrate and ammonia nitrogen, relatively and sensitivity coefficient of their were 1.32, 1.98. It was concluded that as Y_(H) decreased and μ_(mAUT) increased, the reaction rates of denitrification and nitrification increased and the removal efficiencies of NO₃^(-)-N and NH₄^(+)-N improved.

KSDeN^TM process의 영양염류 제거 특성

김도군,천상욱,김병군,서인석,박철휘,김성준,류수현 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Intermittent aeration processes have been much of interest as an excellent alternative for nutrients removal for upgrading secondary wastewater treatment plants, with minimum modification. Also, operational flexibility of those proposes a good opportunity for newly planed plants. Here, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a continuous flow intermittent aeration process (KSDeN^TM process). The influent was collected at the effluent channel of the grit chamber of a large sewage treatment plant. The influent characteristics with standard deviation were 243.2±170.9mg/L for TCOD_cr, 47.5 13.9mg/L for T-N, 8.4±8.3mg/L for T-P and 5.2±1.8 for C/N ratio. Effluent of 1^st sedimentation tank was 208.2±87.6mg/L for TCOD_cr, 35.0±10.3mg/L for T-N, 4.8±1.9mg/L for T-P and 6.1±2.3 for C/N ratio. The average removal efficiencies of TCOD_cr, T-N and T-P were 93.6, 77.0 and 86.4% and effluent TCOD_cr, T-N and T-P concentrations were 12.5, 9.2 and 0.7mg/L respectively, satisfying regulatory limits. Alkalinity deficiency was not observed during the oxic periods, which is one of the special features of an intermittent aeration process. The results showed higher COD, T-N and T-P removal efficiencies and stability with varying influent conditions, compared to other conventional fixed phase nutrients removal processes.