昌德宮 궁원 명칭의 史的 考察 : 秘苑 명칭 사용의 적합성에 대한 고찰

진상철 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.4

While the name Bee-Won has been hotly debated in terms of when people started to use it, there have been some restrictions on the use of the term because of an established theory that explains the name in relation to the rule of Japanese imperialism. Analyzing a variety of examples related to Bee-Won in historical documents, the article discusses how other names of the royal gardens (Geum-Won, Book-Won, Who-Won) were differently used, whether the term Bee-Won is appropriate, and when people started to use it. According to some royal historic records like Goong-Gwol-Ji and Sil-Lok, the name of the royal garden at Chang-Deok-Coong appears as Geum-Won, Who-Won, Sang-Rim-Won, Sang-Rim, Sang-Won, Nae-Won, Seo-Won, Book-Won, Im-Cheon, or Won-Yoo. The names of the garden may be divided into three categories: 1) names in relation to direction or location: Who-Won, Sang-Rim-Won, Sang-Won, Nae-Won, Seo-Won, Book-Won 2) sacred place (Off limits): Geum-Won 3) names of institutions (not allowing free access): Sang-Rim-Won, Bee-Won The garden of Chang-Deok-Goong may well be called Geum-Won or Bee-Won, in that it belongs to a royal palace. Bee-Won sounds more appropriate, however, since Geum-Won not only includes the unfriendly meaning "Off limits" but comes from the Chinese traditions. Created by our own traditions (not by the rule of Japanese imperialism), Bee-Won is a suitable name that has symbolism and differs from a generalized name like Who-Won.

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

Green Growth Policy for Developing Solar Energy in Germany

( Sang Chul Park ) 한국행정학회 2010 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

Green Growth Policy for Developing Solar Energy in Germany Sang-Chul Park, Professor at Graduate School of Knowledge based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University, Adjunct Professor at Business Economics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology scpark@kpu.ac.kr / scpark86@kaist.ac.kr Promotion of renewable energy in Germany plays a key role in climate change and sustainable energy policies for the government. The German government promotes renewable energy in order to facilitate a sustainable development of energy supply as well as to contribute a further development of technologies for the generation of electricity that create economic growths and new jobs. The demand for energy is met by imports of up to 74 per cents in 2005. The share of energy imports in Germany is extremely high among other EU member nations. Such a high dependence of energy imports can only be solved by developing renewable energy sources in the long term, which can supply limitless and reduce production costs continuously. Solar energy belongs to this category perfectly.

운동이 백서 스테로이드 근병증에 미치는 효과

박상준,이민철,김세종,박상준,이민철,김세종 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

체지방 측정기(Futrex-1000 body fat tester)로 측정한 소아의 체지방율에 관한 연구 : 학동기와 청소년기 아동을 대상으로

박상철,이동환,신상만,이상주,박준수,최석민,안재억 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

Using the infrared interactance(NIR method), the percentage body fat in 1,401 Korean children, aged 6-18years, was evaluated for normal and standard values. Correlation of percentage of body fat with age, weight, height, overweight(%), Kaup index and Rohrer index was also analyzed. The following results were obtained ; 1) In all the subject, weight and height showed standard growth(50-90 percentile) compared to growth data of korean children. 2) The percentage of body fat was decreased with increasing age and was measured higher in female than male. 3) The percentage of body fat was decreased with increasing height in both sex. 4) The percentage of body fat correlated negatively with age, heght, weight in both sex. In boys, the Rohrer index appeared to have a significant positive correlation with the percentage of body fat. (r=0.52454) In girls, the overweight(%) appeared to have a significant positive correlation with percentage of body fat. (r=0.56994) The Kaup index had no correlation with the percentage of body fat. This NIR method is safe, non-invasive, rapid, easy to use, and may be useful predict percentage of body fat, especially in the mass screening.

논문(論文) : 러시아 주류정책의 변화, 1914-1932: 금주령에서 보드카 독점으로

박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

The Change of Russian Alcohol Policy, 1914-1932 Park, Sang-chul [Abstract] The Russian government, at beginning of the First World War, issued prohibition law to avoid anarchy and disorganization of military mobilization and responding to the public opinions of educated society that had criticized excessive financial dependance of vodka monopoly. And the Bolsheviks, after the seize of power in October, 1917, continued anti-alcohol policies. The Soviet communists, regarding popular drinking practices as ``vestiges of capitalism`` or ``social diseases,`` tried to correct it with various legal and administrative measures, cultural and propaganda activities. But this meant a direct attack on popular way of life and cultural values contained in it. Therefore, people`s major response to it was the production and consumption of moonshine. In 1920s, in context of fierce power struggle, Stalin and others asserted to resume and expand the production of the state vodka in order to suppress growing moonshine industry and to accumulate capital for speedy industrialization. When it became clear that anti-alcohol movements could threaten the consumption of state vodka as a source of state liquor revenues, he incapacitated anti-alcohol movement and at the same time declared that alcohol problems in Soviet Union had been resolved. This early experience in Soviet Union showed that drinking practices is rather determined and changed under the influence of many factors, such as power struggles, cultural conflicts between social elements and so on. It also showed how the utopian enthusiasm of Russian communists changed in harsh reality, and why many peoples began to develop conformist way of behaviour.

李 箱 文 學 論 : 作品에 投影된 精神分析學的 要因을 中心으로 Psychoanalytical elements projected in his works

申尙澈 東亞大學校 國語國文學科 1978 국어국문학 Vol.2 No.-

In the paper, the writer surveyed the psychoanalytical aspect of I-Sang's works that has sur-realism, neo-psychological character based on many materials and researches by pathological method related to consciousness. The aspects projected in his poetries are as follows : First, the position of 'I' in his poetry and 'I'(ego) at the disruption of self in over-self consciousness is on the mirror. The atmosphere swirling in the poetry is dark and unrest. I-Sang's esprit is in the emancipation of 'Be in prison' with dismal faces and 'another different myself'. Second, the outstanding phase in I-Sang's poetry, sexual amusement is expressed in terrific style for instance, the sword of 'submersion', the farrel of 'muzzel of the gun' and the chocolate of 'the confession of unreasonable woman' and 'angels of performance' are the metaphorical penis. Third, the other feature found in his poetry is impetus for suicide. Though 'the canvass of suicide' is shown in his 'poetry' No 15' and 'subject that has no title', he provides suicide to the extent of 'I insert autographical obituary in my autobiobraphy on the day' in his poetry '1933. 6 . 1' The aspects which has psychoanalytical elements in his prose are as follows : Firstly, the point is that he deals with the thing beyond common sense and unconscious world rather than his literary world, daily lives, or conscious world. By examining the expression of his 'when the finger is taken prisoner of self-consciousness' or 'the secret of the last moment stretching oneself on the summit of self-corsciousness' in his first person fiction, 'all his life' , we realize that his fictions are based on his experiences, and depict the world of self-consciousness. Secondly, the heroes in his fictions, for the most part, are autism patients with their backs towards reality squeezed into themselves. The pulling over coverlet in the dark room without any outside negotiation is 'my' life in 'wings' and 'genius turned into stuffing'. All characters in the 'I' of 'Tonghae', 'he' of 'spiders' and 'I' in his essay 'Languor' are the same types. Thirdly, the other aspect searched out in his fictions is that sexual amusements are placed all over the works as in poems. The putting memorial stamp on the fiction 'bobbed hair' that means his importent erotic mind is the metaphor of sexual intercourse. This sexual amusement is expressed more metaphorically in 'spiders'. Fourth, another aspect in I-Sang's fiction in impulse of suicide as in his poetry. The last subdivision of 'TongHae' menas the thinking of suicide looking at the comedy(the man replacing his shose with another) the impulse of suicide like this is traced in 'Lost Flowers' 'Illusions' and his essay, 'The rest emotion of a village).

정지용 시의 ‘나븨’와 죽음 의식

한상철(Han, Sang-chul) 한국비평문학회 2014 批評文學 Vol.- No.52

이 논문의 목적은 정지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 주목하여 그의 시에 나타난 죽음 의식의 특성을 고찰하려는 것이다. 9편에 이르는 지용의 ‘나븨’ 관련 시 중 다수가 1927년과 1941년에 집중적으로 발표되었다는 사실을 고려할 때, ‘나븨’ 표상의 활용은 시인의 의도와 직접적으로 연동되었을 가능성이 크기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에 주목하여 이루어진 본론의 논지는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지용 시 전반에 걸쳐 등장하는 ‘나븨’ 표상은 죽음과 관련된 시적화자의 정서를 반영한다. 전기와 후기를 불문하고, 대부분의 시에서 시적화자의 비극적 현실 인식과 죽음 의식이 직간접적으로 드러나고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 지용 시의 ‘나븨’ 표상에 대한 가장 강력한 대응점은 신산스러운 삶의 고통과 그것을 벗어나는 행위로서의 ‘죽음’이라고 말할 수 있다. 둘째, 비교적 초기에 해당하는 1927년과 후기시의 특징이 전형적으로 드러난 1941년의 ‘나븨’ 표상에는 분명한 차이가 존재한다. 주로 자식의 죽음과 관련된 전자의 ‘나븨’ 표상이 슬픔과 애상의 정조를 바탕으로 한계 상황에 놓인 존재의 절박한 심경과 맞닿아 있다면, 1941년의 시에 보이는 ‘나븨’들은 죽음에 대한 비애 자체에 머물지 않고 외려 삶의 이면을 성찰하게 만드는 관조적 태도를 보여주고 있다. 셋째, 지용의 죽음 의식이 변모하는 중요한 분기점은 1930년대 중반에 발표된 카톨릭 종교시라고 말할 수 있다. 카톨리시즘에 대한 천착 과정을 거치며 현실의 삶과 초월적 삶의 경계에 선 시적 화자의 태도가 형성되었다고 보이기 때문이다. 이처럼 죽음의 비극과 그것으로부터의 초월이 동시적으로 공존하는 세계에 대한 체험은 후기 지용 시의 관조적 세계 인식을 만들어낸 중요한 계기가 된다. The purpose of this article is to bring light on the meaning of the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry by focusing on the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’. Relating to the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’, the death consciousness in Jiyong’s poetry has three characteristics mainly. First, the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in his poems connotes a painful life and the meaning of the ‘death’ as the act of seeking relief from suffering. second, there are marked differences in the representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ in Jiyong’s poems which were published in 1927 and 1941. The representation of ‘Nabui(butterfly)’ was based on sentiment of sadness and sorrow in his 1923 poem, while it showed a contemplative attitude to introspect the hidden side of life in his 1941 poem. Third, Jiyong published religious poetry influenced by Catholicism in the mid 1930s. This was a important turning point which the death consciousness of Jiyong was transfigured. In the process of digging into Catholicism, it is shown that the narrator’s attitude is formed from the boundaries between practical life and transcendental life.

청국장 발효에 적합한 미생물의 분리 및 특성

이상원,손미예,조용운,김홍출,갈상완,김철호 진주산업대학교 1999 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.6

장류발효 식품으로부터 protease 및 amylase 활성이 높은 균주를 중심으로 348 균주를 1차 분리하고, 그 분리균 중 2% skim milk가 함유된 LB평판배지(SM배지)화 2%corn starch가 함유된 LB평판배지(CM배지)에서 halo zone이 크고, 두 효소의 활성이 동시에 높은 SW-251균주를 최종 선별하였다. SW-251균주의 생육 온도 범위는 10∼60℃ 이었으며, 최적 생육온도는 35∼40℃ 이었다. 그리고 최적생육 pH는 6.5 부근이었으나 pH6.0 이하나 pH8.0 이상에서는 생육이 저하하였다. SW-251균주는 호기성의 간균 (0.8∼1.3x1.8∼2.5㎛)으로 운동성이 있으며, 그람양성 반응을 나타냈다. 10% 이하의 NaCl에 내성을 갖고있으며, starch 및 casein을 빠르게 분해하는 세균으로 Bacillus속의 특성을 갖고 있었다. Among 348 strains isolated from fermented soy foods, SW-251 strain has a potent protease and amylase activities on SM medium(LB agar plate supplemented with 2% skim milk), and CM medium(LB agar plate supplemented with 2% corm starch0, respectively. The optimal temperature and growth temperature range for cell growth were 35∼40℃ and 10∼60℃, respectively. The optimal pH was 6.5 and pH range of its growth was 6.0 and 8.0. The isolate was an aerobic bacterium (rod type, 0.8∼1.3 x 1.8∼2.5㎛), then there was its mobility, Gram staining and hydrolysis of starch and casein were positive reaction. Salt tolerance was below 10% NaCl. The strain was identified as a Bacillus sp. SW-251 with respect to morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics.

高麗時代 牽龍軍에 關한 史的 考察

이상철,송상욱 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.1

I initially understood Gyun-ryong-goon as a process of king established in relation to Joon-gang-goon of Two-goon Six-wee. Prior to the establishment of Gyun-ryong-gun, Two-Goon had taken charge of the defense of a royal palace and the royal guards. however, into the process leading to the mi d-Korye Age, Joong-ang-goon of Two-goon Six-wee was put at the crisis of being disbanded due to the lack of resources left for support. After all, the duty of Gyun-ryong-gun can be considered succeeding to an important role of Two-goon by taking its place Against this backdrop. Gyun-ryong-gun s mission was to guard the personal safety of the king in a close-by position,.in accordance with its role, the royal guard could be divided into two kind. One was a guard of honor and the other was just common protection. The unit for a guard of honor mainly took charge of preserving the authority of the king. According to Koryesa 72, Ryebokji, regulation governing a guard of honor and guarding, the close-by prokection of the king's Ae-ryun was performed by Gyun-ryong-gun. which was accompanied by four Nang-jang, two person Sang-jang-goon, two person Dae-jang-goon, four person Chun-woo-be-sin-jang-goon, and in front of which were Woo-san, Chung-gok-byong-dea-san, Gong-jak-sun, Hong-su-sun, headed by Do-jee, Joong-gum. Soon-gum-goon followed this guarding procession. Gyun-ryong-gun performed important duties not only at the time of royal processions but in side the palace, which was the duty of Sook-wee, which was performed at a very close-by position to the king by the unit bracing up to reconfirm their loyalties by staying close to them. These series of measures were directly related to the establishment of the powerful guarding troops, which was a key to the strengthening of royal power.