Output Tracking Predictive Control of Networked Systems with Two-channel Random Communication Constraints

Chuan-Dong Bai,Tong Mu,Zhong-Hua Pang,Jian Sun,Guo-Ping Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.2

In this paper, the output tracking control problem is investigated for a networked control system with twochannel random network delays and packet dropouts as well as stochastic noise. To actively compensate for these random communication constraints in the feedback and forward channels, a novel networked predictive control (NPC) method is proposed based on the input-output difference equation model, where the two-channel communication constraints are handled separately according to their different features. Furthermore, different from the existing NPC methods based on round-trip time delays, actual control inputs rather than the predicted ones are employed to generate future control commands. Then a delay-independent closed-loop stability condition is obtained, and a condition to guarantee a zero steady-state output tracking error is derived. Also, theoretical analysis shows that the proposed NPC method can achieve the same output tracking performance as the corresponding local control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation and experimental results.

Formation of CuInGaSe2 Thin Film Photovoltaic Absorber by Using Rapid Thermal Sintering of Binary Nanoparticle Precursors

Chung Ping Liu,Ming Wei Chang,Chuan Lung Chuang 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.11

It was known that properties of copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) thin films were evidentlyaffected by precursor nanoparticle-ink and sintering technology. The nanoparticles were fabricatedby using a rotary ball-milling (RBM) technique. After RBM, the particle size of the agglomeratedCIGS powder was smaller than 100 nm. The nanoparticle ink was printed onto a Mo/soda limeglass substrate and baked at a low temperature to remove solvents and to form a dry precursor. Crystallographic, morphological, and stoichiometric properties of films were then obtained by usingthe precursor CIGS samples sintered at various heating rates in a non-vacuum environment withoutselenization. Analytical results revealed that the 2-theta data of the sample sintered at a heatingrate of 15 C/s were the closest to the data on the JCPDS card for Cu(Ga0.3In0.7)Se2.0 because theirangles were 26.8, 44.5, and 52.7, respectively. In addition, analytical results indicated that theCIGS absorption layer prepared at a heating rate of 15 C/s had a chalcopyrite structure and favorablecompositions. For this sample, the mole ratio of Cu:In:Ga:Se was equal to 0.98:0.81:0.28:1.93,and related ratios of Ga/(In+Ga) and Cu/(In+Ga) were 0.26 and 0.90, respectively.

Influence of the Ratio of Surfactant Additives on the Anisotropic Etching Process Used to Make Small Pyramids for Use in Solar Cells

Chung Ping Liu,Ming Wei Chang,Chuan Lung Chuang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.9

This paper focuses on surfactant additives (SA) that are used in alkaline etching of p-typemonocrystalline silicon wafers for use in screen-printed silicon solar cells. An Al/p-type Si/ntypeSiP/SiNx/Ag solar cell with an active area of 15.6 cm2 was fabricated. The highest measuredefficiency of the solar cells was 19.24%, which proves that the SA method is highly efficient for fabricatingmonocrystalline silicon solar cells. The results show that 0.4 L of SA is the most favorablevolume for alkaline etching of solar-cell samples. Samples etched at this volume exhibit the lowestaverage reflectance of 0.596%, an average internal quantum efficiency (IQE) gain of 5.6% and anefficiency gain of 0.84%, thus showing the SA method to be an efficient anisotropic etching process. In addition, the cell with the highest efficiency had an increase of 4.57% in power, an increase of3.1% in the short-circuit current, and an increase of 1.43% in the open-circuit voltage. In summary,microstructural, reflectance, IQE, and I − V measurements revealed that the best cell was formedusing an optimal SA volume of 0.4 L.

Green and sustainable applications of energetic plasmon-activated water

Chih-Ping Yang,Shih-Hao Yu,Yu-Chuan Liu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.111 No.-

This review describes the use of bulk deionized water (DIW) treatment to become plasmon-activatedwater (PAW) with reduced hydrogen bonds (HBs). PAW with special properties can be used in innovativeapplications and development of environmental protection science and sustainable energy management. PAW is a natural water solvent, but PAW subverts the public’s idea that hydrophobic solutes are difficultto dissolve in water. PAW can dissolve more-hydrophobic solutes than ordinary water, and can also interactwith water-soluble alcohol molecules to form stronger HBs. Moreover, in the application of certainreduction reactions, no chemical reducing agent is needed, and the catalytic reduction effect can beachieved using natural PAW. A characteristic application of PAW can also be extended to seawater desalination. Due to weak HBs among PAW molecules, high water evaporation rates can be produced, and ahigher chemical potential can also be applied to the innovative development of solar energy storage. In electrochemical applications, PAW itself can promote water oxidation, oxygen reduction reactions,hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, and the efficient capacitor production of H2O2. Furthermore,PAW can delay the melting of sea ice in the habitat of polar bears, so it may be applied to the issue ofsaving polar bears.

Comparison of Complications of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters with Ultrasound Guidance or Conventional Methods in Cancer Patients

Gong, Ping,Huang, Xin-En,Chen, Chuan-Ying,Liu, Jian-Hong,Meng, Ai-Feng,Feng, Ji-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: To compare the complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) by a modified Seldinger technique under ultrasound guidance or the conventional (peel-away cannula) technique. Methods: From February to December of 2010, cancer patients who received PICC at the Department of Chemotherapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were recruited into this study, and designated UPICC if their PICC lines were inserted under ultrasound guidance, otherwise CPICC if were performed by peel-away cannula technique. The rates of successful placement, hemorrhage around the insertion area, phlebitis, comfort of the insertion arm, infection and thrombus related to catheterization were analyzed and compared on days 1, 5 and 6 after PICC and thereafter. Results: A total of 180 cancer patients were recruited, 90 in each group. The rates of successful catheter placement between two groups differed with statistical significance (P <0.05), favoring UPICC. More phlebitis and finger swelling were detected in the CPICC group (P <0.05). From day 6 to the date the catheter was removed and thereafter, more venous thrombosis and a higher rate of discomfort of insertion arms were also observed in the CPICC group. Conclusion: Compared with CPICC, UPICC could improve the rate of successful insertion, reduce catheter related complications and increase comfort of the involved arm, thus deserving to be further investigated in randomized clinical studies.

Effect of rapid thermal oxidation on structure and photoelectronic properties of silicon oxide in monocrystalline silicon solar cells

Chung Ping Liu,Ming Wei Chang,Chuan Lung Chuang 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

This paper concerns the topic of surface passivation properties of rapid thermal oxidation on p-type monocrystalline silicon wafer for use in screen-printed silicon solar cells. It shows that inline thermal oxidation is a very promising alternative to the use of conventional batch type quartz tube furnaces for the surface passivation of industrial phosphorus-diffused emitters. Five minutes was the most favorable holding time for the rapid thermal oxidation growth of the solar cell sample, in which the average carrier lifetime was increased 19.4 ms. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the rapid thermal oxidation sample, whose structure was Al/Al-BSF/p-type Si/n-type SiP/SiO2/SiNx/Ag solar cell with an active area of 15.6 cm2, contained an absorption peak at 1085 cm1, which was associated with the SieO bonds in silicon oxide. The lowest average reflectance of this sample is 0.87%. Furthermore, for this sample, its average of internal quantum efficiency and conversion efficiency are respectively increased by 8% and 0.23%, compared with the sample without rapid thermal oxidation processing.

Initial Factors Influencing Duration of Hospital Stay in Adult Patients With Peritonsillar Abscess

Yu-Hsi Liu,Hsing-Hao Su,Yi-Wen Tsai,Yu-Yi Hou,Kuo-Ping Chang,Chao-Chuan Chi,Ming-Yee Lin,Pi-Hsiung Wu 대한이비인후과학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.10 No.1

Objectives. To review cases of peritonsillar abscess and investigate the initial clinical factors that may influence the duration of hospitalization. To determine the predictive factors of prolonged hospital stay in adult patients with peritonsillar abscess. Methods. Subjects were adults hospitalized with peritonsillar abscess. We retrospectively reviewed 377 medical records from 1990 to 2013 in a tertiary medical center in southern Taiwan. The association between clinical characteristics and the length of hospital stay was analyzed with independent t-test, univariate linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis. Results. The mean duration of hospitalization was 6.2±6.0 days. With univariate linear regression, a prolonged hospital stay was associated with several variables, including female gender, older ages, nonsmoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, band forms in white blood cell (WBC) counts, and lower hemoglobin levels. With multiple linear regression analysis, four independent predictors of hospital stay were noted: years of age (P<0.001), history of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001), ratio of band form WBC (P<0.001), and hemoglobin levels (P<0.001). Conclusion. In adult patients with peritonsillar abscess, older ages, history of diabetes mellitus, band forms in WBC counts and lower hemoglobin levels were independent predictors of longer hospitalization.

Iron Cycles Link with Arsenic Availability in Rice for Food Safety from South China

Fang Bai Li,Chuan-Ping Liu,Min Hu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Appropriate Soil Heat Treatment Promotes Growth and Disease Suppression of Panax notoginseng by Interfering with the Bacterial Community

( Ying-bin Li ),( Zhi-ping Zhang ),( Ye Yuan ),( Hui-chuan Huang ),( Xin-yue Mei ),( Fen Du ),( Min Yang ),( Yi-xiang Liu ),( Shu-sheng Zhu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.3

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121°C) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80°C worked better than 50°C and 121°C (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80°C changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon’s diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121°C, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80°C and 121°C heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

Programming by Demonstration in Augmented Reality for the Motion Planning of a Three-Axis CNC Dispenser

Chih-Hsing Chu,Yu-Wang Liu,Pai-Chia Li,Liao-Chuan Huang,Yuan-Ping Luh 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.5

This study presents a programming by demonstration (PbD) interface in augmented reality for motion planning in a three-axis CNC glue dispenser. The interface assists a human planner to effectively determine dispenser motion in a planning task. An augmented reality application prompts the planner with instructive information in a video of real environment while guiding the machine in 3D space to dispense glue on a work part. The purpose involves facilitating the generation of the dispenser’s motion commands by enhancing individual spatial reasoning between the dispenser’s tip and the work part. CAD models are not required prior to the planning task, thus eliminating the use of motion planning software. Test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interface with respect to accelerating the process of the dispenser PbD. The study shows the practical value of augmented reality as a cost-effective interfacing technology for human–machine collaborations in smart manufacturing.