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Sprachpolitik und Lehrerausbildung in Taiwan vor und nach 1987
Chi-hua Chu(추치화) 한독교육학회 2013 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.18 No.3
In diesem Artikel wird versucht, die Beziehung zwischen Sprachpolitik und Lehrerausbilung in Taiwan zu erlautern. Historisch gesehen kann die Sprache der herrschenden Gruppe vor 1987 als Amtssprache bezeichnet werden. Nach 1987 werden die Muttersprachen in Taiwan wegen der Demokratisierung zuerst in den Schwerpunkt geruckt, dann aufgrund der Globalisierung die Sprachen von mächtigen Ländern. Die südostasiatishen Sprachen werden vernachlaßigt, obwohl die Frauen aus diesen Regionen mit den taiwanesischen Mannern verheiratet sind. Die Lehrerausbildung hat zur Realisierung der Sprachpolitik beigetragen. Im geringen Maße zeigt sie eine kritische Haltung gegenüber dieser Entwicklung der Sprachpolitik. 이 글에서는 대만의 언어교육정책이 변화해온 과정을 서술하고 있는바, 특히 언어정책과 교사양성의 관계에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 역사적으로 볼 때 1987년까지는 지배계층의 언어가 공식 언어로 사용되었다. 즉 1987년 이전 대만의 권위주의 정권은 언어교육 정책운용에서 소수민족 및 다문화사회로의 변화를 충분히 고려하지 않은 채 집권당의 정치적 이해관심에 따라 결정을 일삼았다. 언어정책과 교사양성이 정치권력에 의해 일방적으로 정해졌으며 민주시민교육이나 시대의 교육적 요구에 상응하지 못했다. 1987년 이후 민주화로 인해 소수민족의 모국어교육에 중점을 두게 되었으며 글로벌화에 따라 강대국의 언어에 중점을 둔 외국어교육이 강조되었다. 이러한 언어정책의 전환에 따라 다양한 소수민족들의 언어가 문화유산으로 간주되어 학교에서 가르치게 되었으며 그에 상응하는 교사교육이 뒤따르게 되었다. 그러나 언어정책의 변화에도 불구하고 다문화사회가 진행되는 과정에서 사회와 문화적 요구를 반영하는 다문화교육이 1987년 이후에나 시작되는 등 언어교육의 총체적 문제점을 보여 왔다. 동남아 국가에서 결혼이민을 온 사람들과 그 자녀 같은 소수자에 대한 모국어 및 문화교육에 대한 정책은 아직 지체된 상태에 있다. 그러므로 다문화 언어교육에 관한 한 대만은 아직 해결해야 할 정치적이고 교육학적 과제를 여전히 지니고 있다.
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Identifying Post-translational Modification Crosstalks for Breast Cancer
Chi-Hua Tung,Pei-Wei Shueng,Yen-Wei Chu,Chi-Wei Chen,Chian-Ying Chen 한국정보과학회 2017 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.11 No.4
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play substantial roles in the gene regulation of cell physiological functions and in the generation of major diseases. However, the majority of existing studies only explored a certain PTM of proteins, while very few have investigated the PTMs of two or more domains and the effects of their interactions. In this study, after collecting data regarding a large number of breast cancer-related and validated PTMs, a sequence and domain analysis of breast cancer proteins was carried out using bioinformatics methods. Then, protein-protein interaction network-related tools were applied in order to determine the crosstalks between the PTMs of the proteins. Finally, statistical and functional analyses were conducted to identify more modification sites of domains and proteins that may interact with at least two or more PTMs. In addition to exploring the associations between the interactive effects of PTMs, the present study also provides important information that would allow biologists to further explore the regulatory pathways of biological functions and related diseases.
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Identifying Post-translational Modification Crosstalks for Breast Cancer
Tung, Chi-Hua,Shueng, Pei-Wei,Chu, Yen-Wei,Chu, Yen-Wei,Chen, Chian-Ying Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2017 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.11 No.4
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play substantial roles in the gene regulation of cell physiological functions and in the generation of major diseases. However, the majority of existing studies only explored a certain PTM of proteins, while very few have investigated the PTMs of two or more domains and the effects of their interactions. In this study, after collecting data regarding a large number of breast cancer-related and validated PTMs, a sequence and domain analysis of breast cancer proteins was carried out using bioinformatics methods. Then, protein-protein interaction network-related tools were applied in order to determine the crosstalks between the PTMs of the proteins. Finally, statistical and functional analyses were conducted to identify more modification sites of domains and proteins that may interact with at least two or more PTMs. In addition to exploring the associations between the interactive effects of PTMs, the present study also provides important information that would allow biologists to further explore the regulatory pathways of biological functions and related diseases.
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Tsung-Hua Lu(Tsung-Hua Lu),Shih-Hsien Lin(Shih-Hsien Lin),Mei Hung Chi(Mei Hung Chi),Ching-Lin Chu(Ching-Lin Chu),Dong-Yu Yang(Dong-Yu Yang),Wei Hung Chang(Wei Hung Chang),Po See Chen(Po See Chen),Yen 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.1
Objective: Hypoactivity in the reward system among patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known phenomenon. Whether the activity in the reward pathway is related to harm avoidance, such as in sensitivity to punishment, is unclear. Evidence regarding the potential difference between ADHD patients and controls in terms of this association is scarce. Methods: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on subjects performing the Iowa gambling test. Fourteen adults with ADHD and 14 controls were enrolled in the study. Results: Harm avoidance was found to be positively correlated with the activities of the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and right insula in individuals with ADHD. A group difference was also confirmed. Conclusion: Understanding the roles of harm avoidance and brain activation during risk tasks is important.
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( Chen-hua Liu ),( Chi-yi Chen ),( Wei-wen Su ),( Chun-jen Liu ),( Ching-chu Lo ),( Ke-jhang Huang ),( Jyh-jou Chen ),( Kuo-chih Tseng ),( Chi-yang Chang ),( Cheng-yuan Peng ),( Yu-lueng Shih ),( Chia 대한간학회 2021 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.27 No.4
Background/Aims: Real-world studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) plus ribavirin (RBV) for Child-Pugh B/C hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis are limited. Methods: We included 107 patients with Child-Pugh B/C HCV-related cirrhosis receiving SOF/VEL plus RBV for 12 weeks in Taiwan. The sustained virologic response rates at off-treatment week 12 (SVR<sub>12</sub>) for the evaluable population (EP), modified EP, and per-protocol population (PP) were assessed. The safety profiles were reported. Results: The SVR<sub>12</sub> rates in the EP, modified EP and PP were 89.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.5-94.2%), 94.1% (95% CI, 87.8-97.3%), and 100% (95% CI, 96.2-100%). Number of patients who failed to achieve SVR<sub>12</sub> were attributed to virologic failures. The SVR<sub>12</sub> rates were comparable regardless of patient characteristics. One patient discontinued treatment because of adverse events (AEs). Twenty-four patients had serious AEs and six died, but none were related to SOF/VEL or RBV. Among the 96 patients achieving SVR<sub>12</sub>, 84.4% and 64.6% had improved Child-Pugh and model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that a baseline MELD score ≥15 was associated with an improved MELD score of ≥3 (odds ratio, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.16-14.71; P=0.02). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1 had more significant estimated glomerular filtration rate declines than patients with CKD stage 2 (-0.42 mL/min/1.73 ㎡/month; P=0.01) or stage 3 (-0.56 mL/min/1.73 ㎡/month; P<0.001). Conclusions: SOF/VEL plus RBV for 12 weeks is efficacious and well-tolerated for Child-Pugh B/C HCV-related cirrhosis. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2021;27:575-588)
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