Identifying Unusual Days

Kim, Min-Kyong,Kotz, David Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2011 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.5 No.1

Pervasive applications such as digital memories or patient monitors collect a vast amount of data. One key challenge in these systems is how to extract interesting or unusual information. Because users cannot anticipate their future interests in the data when the data is stored, it is hard to provide appropriate indexes. As location-tracking technologies, such as global positioning system, have become ubiquitous, digital cameras or other pervasive systems record location information along with the data. In this paper, we present an automatic approach to identify unusual data using location information. Given the location information, our system identifies unusual days, that is, days with unusual mobility patterns. We evaluated our detection system using a real wireless trace, collected at wireless access points, and demonstrated its capabilities. Using our system, we were able to identify days when mobility patterns changed and differentiate days when a user followed a regular pattern from the rest. We also discovered general mobility characteristics. For example, most users had one or more repeating mobility patterns, and repeating mobility patterns did not depend on certain days of the week, except that weekends were different from weekdays.

Designing Technology for Visualisation of Interactions on Mobile Devices

Deray, Kristine,Simoff, Simeon Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2009 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.3 No.4

Interactions are intrinsic part of what we do. We interact when we work, when we learn, when we visit a doctor, and when we play. With the advent of information and communications technology we can collect rich data (video, audio, and various transcripts including text chat) about such interactions. This opens an opportunity to monitor the dynamics of interactions and to get deeper insights of how they unfold and deliver this information to the interacting parties. This paper presents the design of a technology for visualising information about the dynamics of unfolding of interactions and presenting it in an ambient display on mobile devices. The purpose of this technology is the delivery of such information to the point of decision making.

Protecting the iTrust Information Retrieval Network against Malicious Attacks

Chuang, Yung-Ting,Melliar-Smith, P. Michael,Moser, Louise E.,Lombera, Isai Michel Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2012 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.6 No.3

This paper presents novel statistical algorithms for protecting the iTrust information retrieval network against malicious attacks. In iTrust, metadata describing documents, and requests containing keywords, are randomly distributed to multiple participating nodes. The nodes that receive the requests try to match the keywords in the requests with the metadata they hold. If a node finds a match, the matching node returns the URL of the associated information to the requesting node. The requesting node then uses the URL to retrieve the information from the source node. The novel detection algorithm determines empirically the probabilities of the specific number of matches based on the number of responses that the requesting node receives. It also calculates the analytical probabilities of the specific numbers of matches. It compares the observed and the analytical probabilities to estimate the proportion of subverted or non-operational nodes in the iTrust network using a window-based method and the chi-squared statistic. If the detection algorithm determines that some of the nodes in the iTrust network are subverted or non-operational, then the novel defensive adaptation algorithm increases the number of nodes to which the requests are distributed to maintain the same probability of a match when some of the nodes are subverted or non-operational as compared to when all of the nodes are operational. Experimental results substantiate the effectiveness of the detection and defensive adaptation algorithms for protecting the iTrust information retrieval network against malicious attacks.

Design and Development of a Multimodal Biomedical Information Retrieval System

Demner-Fushman, Dina,Antani, Sameer,Simpson, Matthew,Thoma, George R. Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2012 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.6 No.2

The search for relevant and actionable information is a key to achieving clinical and research goals in biomedicine. Biomedical information exists in different forms: as text and illustrations in journal articles and other documents, in images stored in databases, and as patients' cases in electronic health records. This paper presents ways to move beyond conventional text-based searching of these resources, by combining text and visual features in search queries and document representation. A combination of techniques and tools from the fields of natural language processing, information retrieval, and content-based image retrieval allows the development of building blocks for advanced information services. Such services enable searching by textual as well as visual queries, and retrieving documents enriched by relevant images, charts, and other illustrations from the journal literature, patient records and image databases.

Trajectory Data Warehouses: Design and Implementation Issues

Orlando, Salvatore,Orsini, Renzo,Raffaeta, Alessandra,Roncato, Alessandro,Silvestri, Claudio Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2007 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.2

In this paper we investigate some issues and solutions related to the design of a Data Warehouse (DW), storing several aggregate measures about trajectories of moving objects. First we discuss the loading phase of our DW which has to deal with overwhelming streams of trajectory observations, possibly produced at different rates, and arriving in an unpredictable and unbounded way. Then, we focus on the measure presence, the most complex measure stored in our DW. Such a measure returns the number of distinct trajectories that lie in a spatial region during a given temporal interval. We devise a novel way to compute an approximate, but very accurate, presence aggregate function, which algebraically combines a bounded amount of measures stored in the base cells of the data cube. We conducted many experiments to show the effectiveness of our method to compute such an aggregate function. In addition, the feasibility of our innovative trajectory DW was validated with an implementation based on Oracle. We investigated the most challenging issues in realizing our trajectory DW using standard DW technologies: namely, the preprocessing and loading phase, and the aggregation functions to support OLAP operations.

Mutational Data Loading Routines for Human Genome Databases: the BRCA1 Case

Van Der Kroon, Matthijs,Ramirez, Ignacio Lereu,Levin, Ana M.,Pastor, Oscar,Brinkkemper, Sjaak Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.4

The last decades a large amount of research has been done in the genomics domain which has and is generating terabytes, if not exabytes, of information stored globally in a very fragmented way. Different databases use different ways of storing the same data, resulting in undesired redundancy and restrained information transfer. Adding to this, keeping the existing databases consistent and data integrity maintained is mainly left to human intervention which in turn is very costly, both in time and money as well as error prone. Identifying a fixed conceptual dictionary in the form of a conceptual model thus seems crucial. This paper presents an effort to integrate the mutational data from the established genomic data source HGMD into a conceptual model driven database HGDB, thereby providing useful lessons to improve the already existing conceptual model of the human genome.

Improvement on Bailey-Paar's Optimal Extension Field Arithmetic

이문규,Lee, Mun-Kyu Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2008 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.35 No.7

최적확장체(Optimal Extension Field: OEF)는 유한체의 일종으로서, 타원곡선 암호시스템의 소프트웨어 구현에 있어 매우 유용하다. Bailey 및 Paar는 $P^i$ 거듭제곱 연산을 비롯하여 다수의 효율적인 OEF 연산 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 또한 암호 응용에 적합한 OEF를 생성하기 위한 효과적인 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 Bailey-Paar의 $P^i$ 거듭제곱 알고리즘이 적용되지 않는 반례를 제시하며, 또한 그들의 OEF 생성 알고리즘은 실제로 OEF가 아닌 유한체를 OEF로 출력하는 오류가 있음을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제들을 해결한 개선된 알고리즘들을 제시하고, OEF의 개수에 관한 수정된 통계치를 제시한다. Optimal Extension Fields (OEFs) are finite fields of a special form which are very useful for software implementation of elliptic curve cryptosystems. Bailey and Paar introduced efficient OEF arithmetic algorithms including the $p^ith$ powering operation, and an efficient algorithm to construct OEFs for cryptographic use. In this paper, we give a counterexample where their $p^ith$ powering algorithm does not work, and show that their OEF construction algorithm is faulty, i.e., it may produce some non-OEFs as output. We present improved algorithms which correct these problems, and give improved statistics for the number of OEFs.

A String Reconstruction Algorithm and Its Application to Exponentiation Problems

심정섭,이문규,김동규,Sim, Jeong-Seop,Lee, Mun-Kyu,Kim, Dong-Kyue Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2008 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.35 No.9

Most string problems and their solutions are relevant to diverse applications such as pattern matching, data compression, recently bioinformatics, and so on. However, there have been few works on the relations between string problems and cryptographic problems. In this paper, we consider the following string reconstruction problems and show how these problems can be applied to cryptography. Given a string x of length n over a constant-sized alphabet ${\sum}$ and a set W of strings of lengths at most an integer $k({\leq}n)$, the first problem is to find the sequence of strings in W that reconstruct x by the minimum number of concatenations. We propose an O(kn+L)-time algorithm for this problem, where L is the sum of all lengths of strings in a given set, using suffix trees and a shortest path algorithm for directed acyclic graphs. The other is a dynamic version of the first problem and we propose an $O(k^3n+L)$-time algorithm. Finally, we show that exponentiation problems that arise in cryptography can be successfully reduced to these problems and propose a new solution for exponentiation. 대부분의 문자열 문제들과 이들에 대한 알고리즘들은 패턴 매칭, 데이타 압축, 생물정보학 등의 분야에 응용되어 왔다. 그러나 문자열 문제와 암호화 문제의 관련성에 대한 연구는 거의 진행되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 다음과 같은 문자열 재구성 문제들에 대해 연구하고 이 결과들이 암호학에 응용될 수 있음을 보인다. 유한 알파벳으로 구성된 길이 n인 문자열 x와, 길이 $k({\leq}n)$ 이내의 문자열의 집합 W가 주어졌을 때, 첫 번째 문제는 내의 문자열들 중 일부 문자열들을 최소의 회수로 연결하여 x를 재구성할 수 있는 연결 순서를 찾는 문제이다. 이 문제에 대해 O(kn+L)-시간 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이때, L은 W 내의 모든 문자열들의 길이의 합을 표시한다. 두 번째 문제는 첫 번째 문제의 동적 버전이며 이에 대해 $O(k^3n+L)$시간 알고리즘을 제시한다. 마지막으로 암호학과 관련된 멱승문제와 위에 제시된 재구성 문제들과의 관련성을 보이고 멱승문제를 해결하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제시한다.

Formal Models and Algorithms for XML Data Interoperability

Lee, Thomas Y.,Cheung, David W. Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.4

In this paper, we study the data interoperability problem of web services in terms of XML schema compatibility. When Web Service A sends XML messages to Web Service B, A is interoperable with B if B can accept all messages from A. That is, the XML schema R for B to receive XML instances must be compatible with the XML schema S for A to send XML instances, Le., A is a subschema of B. We propose a formal model called Schema Automaton (SA) to model W3C XML Schema (XSD) and develop several algorithms to perform different XML schema computations. The computations include schema minimization, schema equivalence testing, subschema testing, and subschema extraction. We have conducted experiments on an e-commerce standard XSD called xCBL to demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms. One experiment has refuted the claim that the xCBL 3.5 XSD is backward compatible with the xCBL 3.0 XSD. Another experiment has shown that the xCBL XSDs can be effectively trimmed into small subschemas for specific applications, which has significantly reduced the schema processing time.

The Service-Oriented Metaphor Deciphered

Draheim, Dirk Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.4

In this article we review the metaphor of service-oriented architecture for enterprise computing. In typical definitions service-oriented architecture appears as a single message and a consistent roadmap for building flexible software system landscapes. But it is not. Different communities have elaborated different SOA (service-oriented architecture) concepts to address different problem areas, i.e., enterprise application integration, business-to-business, business process management, and software productizing. If software architects and software managers are aware of these strands of SOA when talking about SOA in their projects they can avoid misunderstandings and detours better. This article contributes a clarification of the different strands of SOA concepts and technologies and their mutual dependencies and identifies particular SOA concepts as instances of more general software engineering principles.