Examination of the xanthosine response on gene expression of mammary epithelial cells using RNA-seq technology

( Shanti Choudhary ),( Wenli Li ),( Derek Bickhart ),( Ramneek Verma ),( R. S. Sethi ),( C. S. Mukhopadhyay ),( Ratan K. Choudhary ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.7

Background: Xanthosine treatment has been previously reported to increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the increase in stem cell population and milk production remain unclear. Methods: Primiparous Beetal goats were assigned to the study. Five days post-partum, one mammary gland of each goat was infused with xanthosine (TRT) twice daily (2×) for 3 days consecutively, and the other gland served as a control (CON). Milk samples from the TRT and CON glands were collected on the 10th day after the last xanthosine infusion and the total RNA was isolated from milk fat globules (MEGs). Total RNA in MFGs was mainly derived from the milk epithelial cells (MECs) as evidenced by expression of milk synthesis genes. Significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) terms using PANTHER and gene networks were generated using STRING db. Results: Preliminary analysis indicated that each individual goat responded to xanthosine treatment differently, with this trend being correlated with specific DEGs within the same animal’s mammary gland. Several pathways are impacted by these DEGs, including cell communication, cell proliferation and anti-microbials. Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into transcriptomic changes in milk producing epithelial cells in response to xanthosine treatment. Further characterization of DEGs identified in this study is likely to delineate the molecular mechanisms of increased milk production and stem or progenitor cell population by the xanthosine treatment.

Need of Automation in Paddy Nurseries for Raising Paddy Seedlings in India: a Review

Choudhary Vinod,Machavaram Rajendra 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.2

Purpose Paddy seedling raising is a time-consuming, laborious, and high-energy input operation in nurseries with a systematic approach, repetitive motion, and a well-suited structured environment. The semi-automatic paddy seedling preparation units are cumbersome due to the limitations on manual feeding of feed material for desired quantity, watering, discharging, and tray stacking with respect to work duration and skill of the worker. Automation in paddy seedling preparation has allowed the farmers for saving in labor, energy input, and time required for raising seedlings and also monitoring all the variables in uniform distribution of feeding material, viz., soil organic mixture, paddy seeds, watering, tray discharging, tray stacking, and growth environment under paddy nurseries. Methods Mat-type paddy seedling preparation using recent IoT or embedded electronic system-based technologies have been extensively surveyed for working on automatic tray discharging, tray stacking, and feed mechanisms to set up the desired quantity of material in paddy nurseries. Apart from this, we have reviewed different existing practices for paddy seedling preparation. Results The automated systems have helped ease the paddy seedling preparation operation, efficient vigor, and healthy seedlings growth by preserving the precision, accuracy, and effectiveness in raising paddy seedlings with minimal human interference. Conclusions This review highlights the research gaps and development in smart paddy seedling preparation technologies used in paddy transplanting with propermanagement and monitoring. The above advances will improve the efficiency of paddy seedling mat preparation to increase the quality and quantity of the product and pose an opportunity for the growth of the mat preparation market in the near future in paddy cultivation.

Sustainable and secure trajectories for the military Internet of Drones (IoD) through an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol

Choudhary, Gaurav,Sharma, Vishal,You, Ilsun Elsevier 2019 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Internet of Drones (IoD) involves cooperation and policing amongst Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on waypoints generated through a series of algorithms. The dynamic reconfigurability of conveyances in IoD demands a secure trajectory and channel accessibility which is procurable through an efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. The majority of existing works considers the security of UAV-trajectories as a part of cryptographic and channel accessibility only, whereas the proposed approach idealizes link stability as one of the essential components for attaining secure trajectories. Furthermore, this paper proposes a deep neural network-based security framework, which embeds an efficient MAC protocol controlled by Macaulay’s duration. The proposed approach fortifies that an extensive control over links provides an adequate duration for enhancing the security aspects of IoD and launching countermeasures against any known cyber attacks.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An efficient MAC model is proposed that supports effective timing generation and control over IoD. </LI> <LI> Sustainable and secure trajectories are generated by using deep neural networks. </LI> <LI> The proposed approach mitigates certain known attacks, such as coagulation attacks on UAVs. </LI> <LI> The proposed model dynamically computes the waypoints which eliminate any possibilities of collisions. </LI> </UL> </P>

Argostemma glabra (Rubiaceae), a new species from Vietnam

Choudhary, R.K.,Bach, T.T.,Hai, D.V.,Quang, B.H.,Park, S.H.,Lee, C.,Lee, J. THE FINNISH BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD 2013 Annales botanici Fennici Vol.50 No.4

Effect of Leptin and IGFBP-3 Gene Polymorphisms on Serum IgG Level of Cattle Calves

Choudhary, Vivek,Kumar, Pushpendra,Saxena, V.K.,Bhattacharya, T.K.,Bhushan, Bharat,Sharma, Arjava,Ahmed, K.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.8

Leptin and IGFBP-3 are two proteins that play an important role in growth and metabolism of the animals. They are also involved in the immune function of animals and, thus, are candidate genes for the study of association with immune functions. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of these two genes was done to screen 64 crossbred (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Hariana) female calves of one year of age. From each RFLPs (fragments) three genotypes were observed. In all the RFLPs the mutant homozygotes were very less in numbers and, hence, were excluded from the least squares analysis. The serum IgG level was estimated using SRID assay. The mean level of serum IgG was $28.83{\pm}2.73mg/ml$. The effect of these identified genotypes on serum IgG level of calves at one year of age was analysed using least squares analysis. The HaeIII RFLP-AB genotype had significantly (p<0.05) higher serum IgG level ($31.86{\pm}3.05$) than the HaeIII RFLP-AA ($25.62{\pm}2.96$) genotype. There was no significant effect of leptin genotypes on the IgG level. The present results indicated a role of the IGFBP-3 gene on serum IgG level of cattle calves.

Pharmacophore Modelling, Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Docking Studies of Pyrimidine Analogs as Potential Calcium Channel Blockers

Choudhari, Prafulla B.,Bhatia, Manish S.,Jadhav, Swapnil D. Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.1

The present communication deals with the Pharmacophore modeling, 3D QSAR and docking analysis on series of Pyrimidine derivatives as potential calcium channel blockers. The computational studies showed hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor, and hydrophobic group are important features for calcium channel blocking activity. These studies showed that Pyrimidine scaffold can be utilized for designing of novel calcium channels blockers for CVS disorders.

Cordiglottis longipedicellata (Orchidaceae), a new species from Vietnam

Choudhary, R.K.,Bach, T.T.,Hai, D.V.,Quang, B.H.,Nong, L.V.,Kumar, P.,Park, S.H.,Lee, J. THE FINNISH BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD 2013 Annales botanici Fennici Vol.50 No.1

Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19

Choudhary Sarita,Sreenivasulu Karli,Mitra Prasenjit,Misra Sanjeev,Sharma Praveen 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.2

Since its first report in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly emerged as a pandemic affecting nearly all countries worldwide. As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the need to identify genetic risk factors for susceptibility to this serious illness has emerged. Host genetic factors, along with other risk factors may help determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. It is hypothesized that the ACE2 gene, encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a genetic risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and is required by the virus to enter cells. Together with ACE2, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) also play an important role in disease severity. Evaluating the role of genetic variants in determining the direction of respiratory infections will help identify potential drug target candidates for further study in COVID-19 patients. We have summarized the latest reports demonstrating that ACE2 variants, their expression, and epigenetic factors may influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome.

N-Phenyl-3-Pyridin-2-yl Imino Derivatives as Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxants: Potential Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitors

Choudhari, Prafulla,Bhatia, Manish,Bhatia, Neela Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.9

The present communication deals with development of ten novel N-Phenyl-3-Pyridin-2-yl imino derivatives as vascular smooth muscle relaxants. The derivatives were prepared and optimized using pocket modelling and pharmacophore modelling. The 4 hydroxy substituted derivatives are showed potent activity comparable to the sildenafil.

Energy Requirements and Tillage Performance Under Different Active Tillage Treatments in Sandy Loam Soil

Choudhary Swapnil,Upadhyay Ganesh,Patel Bharat,Naresh,Jain Mukesh 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.4

Purpose To assess the operational energy requirement (OER) and tillage performance index (TPI) of four different active tillage treatments and identification of the best efficient tillage practice among them to achieve an alternative to the conventional practice T1 (1×Cultivator+2×Offset disc harrow), which involves only purely passive type of tillage tools. Methods The active tillage treatments considered were as follows: T2 (1×Combined offset disc harrow), T3 (1×Cultivator+ 1×Single rotor type rotavator), T4 (1×Double rotor type rotavator), and T5 (1×Power harrow). Each implement in the respective treatment was operated at their best suitable forward speed and rotor rpm. Results Compared to the conventional practice T1, the amount of fuel saved per hectare in tillage practices, T2, T4, and T5, was 49.8%, 17.9%, and 20.3%, respectively. However, tillage treatment T3 was found to consume 6.9% more fuel. Compared to T1, the amount of time saved by T2, T3, T4, and T5 tillage practices was found to be 61.1%, 9.54%, 40.6%, and 44.6%, respectively. The maximum OER of 1445.32 MJ ha−1 was observed in T3 followed by 1360.40, 1105.86, 1085.86, and 681.36 MJ ha−1 in T1, T4, T5, and T2, respectively. Further, compared to T1, the TPI for tillage treatments, T2 and T4, was found to be higher by 74.07% and 133.33%, respectively. However, the TPI for tillage treatment T3 was found to be lower by 88.88%. Conclusions Active tillage implements helped in time and fuel-saving in seedbed preparation. The maximum percentage of operational energy was consumed in the form of fuel energy. The front active and rear passive configuration of combined offset disc harrow was found to be the most effective among all the tested active tillage implements in terms of both operational energy and tillage performance criteria.