산업부산물인 Fly Ash의 라이닝콘크리트에의 적용에 관한 실험적 연구

최세진,임정열,정우성,김완영,김무한 공주대학교 자원재활용신소재지역협력센터 2000 2차년도 센터 사업 성과집 Vol.2000 No.1

This is an experimental study to analyze the usability of fly ash in the tunnel lining concrete. For this purpose, the mix proportion of plain concrete and concrete using fly ash(the replacement of 15 and 30% by weight of cement) to satisfy slump 15cm, air content 5% and compressive strength 270kgf/cm2, was selected. And then tests for slump, setting time, compressive strength, tensile strength, drying shrinkage and adiabatic temperature rise were performed. According to test results, it was found that the concrete using fly ash 15% (FA 15 concrete) was better than the plain concrete and FA 30 concrete. FA 15 concrete was more useful than the others in reducing the drying shrinkage : the drying shrinkage strains of FA 15 concrete after 20 weeks of air drying was lower about 10% than the plain concrete, and lower 6% than FA 30 concrete. And the highest compressive strength after curing for 28 days of 365kgf/cm2 was obtained from FA 15 concrete. This was almost 10-20% improvement in compressive sterngth, compare to the plain concrete and FA 30 concrete. And the effect of 5~7.5℃ of concrete using fly ash for hydration heat reducing was calculated. Therefore, concrete using fly ash 15% (FA 15) was expected to improve the performance of lining concrete.

완두 및 대두根瘤菌의 分離 및 窒素固定能力의 比較

金聖烈,崔宇永 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1978 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.5 No.2

A series of experiments over three years was planned for practical application of rhizobia in farms and grass lands in Korea. This is the report for the studies of the first year mainly on the isolation and characterization of rhizobial strains, and on the assessment of their nodulation abilities and nitrogen fixation capacities. 1. Total number of 88 strains for soybean group and 22 strains for pea and vetch group was isolated from nodules which were taken from legumes grown in Daekwanyong, Cheju and various places in Korea. 2. Morphological and cultural characteristics of the strains were studied, and attempts were also made to investigate their antigenic properties and to demonstrate lysogenic strains in these groups. The results were: ⅰ) the isolates varied in cultural characteristics on yeast mannitol broth and agar, and in degree of congo red absorption; ⅱ) similarities in their antigenic properties were found between/among the strains: G-3/G-9/D216, G-20/G-52 in soybean group; ⅲ) no lysogeny was found in the strains of these groups. 3. Plant infection tests by test tube and bottle method in light room were carried out to elucidate the ability of the strains to nodulate specific legumes and of the capacity of such nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The isolates were grouped into non-invasive, ineffective, or effective to the legumes. Those strains which produced effective nodules, supporting similar level of growth as nitrate control, were; P-3, 4 and 8 in pea and vetch group; G-23, 27, and, D-216 in soybean group.

식품가공공장 폐수의 미생물학적 처리 및 응용 : 미생물 균체단백질 회수 Recovery of Mycelial Proteins

조성환,최종덕,이상열,기우경,김재욱 國立統營水産專門大學 附設 水産科學硏究所 1989 수산과학연구소보고 Vol.1 No.-

식품공장 폐수에는 각종 유기물을 다량 함유하고 있다. 이와 같은 식품공장 폐기물의 미생물학적 처리효과를 검토하는 동시에 폐수 중에서 배양된 곰팡이 균체단백질을 분리·회수함으로 해서 폐수처리비용을 절감하고, 단백질 함량이 높은 균체단백사료를 개발할 목적으로 식품공장 폐수의 BOD 및 COD를 낮은 수준으로 감소시키고 증식속도가 빠르며 균체수율이 높고 고농도의 단백질을 함유하며 소화율이 높은 균체를 생산할 수 있는 곰팡이로 Aspergillus fumigatus를 분리·선발하였고, 선발된 균주의 최적배양조건인 35∼40℃, pH 4.0∼4.5에서 pilot plant의 연속배양장치를 이용하여 주정공장 폐수를 기질로 하여 일정시간 동안 배양하여 폐수의 BOD, COD를 90% 이상 감소시켜 폐수정화를 도모할 수 있었으며 균체단백질을 기준 배합사료에 첨가하여 실시한 동물사양 시험 결과, 사양동물의 체중증가량과 단백질 이용율이 대조표준 시험구에 준할 수 있는 효과를 보여 주었다. The rationale for the use of fungi in treating waste streams from food processing plants has been that of incorporating the dissolved and suspending nutrients into a macroscopic organism which can be filtered out readily. In order for a process using fungi to meet these objectives we examined a strain of fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, which grew well on a variety of polysaccharide-containing materials and showed both efficient BOD removal and high quality protein recovery. In this experiment the fungal choice was based on the laboratory screening studies where the criteria used was BOD and COD reduction, growth response, mycelial yield, and the ability to compete with the natural flora. In the fermentation system used for the continuous culture of Aspergillus fumigatus the best combination of operating variables, inoculum ratio. temperature, initial pH, fermentation time and agitation rate was 5%(v/v), 35∼40℃, pH 4.5∼5.0, 2days and 150rpm, respectively. The fungus reduced BOD and COD to 94.0 and 90.4%, respectively and 3.15g of dry mycelium per liter of alcohol waste was harvested during 48hr of incubation time. The protein efficiency ratios for the control diet and the experimental diet containing the fungal protein were 3.42±0.15 and 3.40±0.43, respectively.

도암호의 수질과 어류군집 특성 연구

이상하,최재석,이광열,장영수,임인수,허우명,김재구,김범철 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

To investigate nutrient dynamics of the lake and fish community, both water and fish samples were collected at three different areas (dam site, upper inflowing and downstream of lake outfow) for one year from Sep.2004 to Aug.2005 During the experimental periods, mean concentration of chl, a in epilimnetic layer (0-5m) was 18.5mg^(-3) and transparency ranged from 0.3m to 2.4m, respectively. In nutrient, mean concentrations of TP and TN were 111 mgP m^(-3) and 4.4 mgN L^(-1), respectively. Based on the water quality standard suggested by U.S.EPA(*1976), the trophic state of Lake Doam was classified as eutrophic state. Total number of fish collected in Lake Doam was 9,600 indiveduals in 26 species of 6 family. Sixteen of Korean endemic soecies including H. mylodon, A. signifer, P. tenuicorpa occurred. O. mykiss as introduced fish was also found in Lake Doam. Dominant and subdominant species were P. herzi and Z. platypus that took about 34.6% and 22.5% of total fish composition, respectively. Six species including A. signifer. P. tenuicorpa. and R. kumgangensis were rare in Lake Doam. Pelagic typw of figh commonly occurred at upper regions, whereas benthic type was mainly domenated at downstream area. Therefore, pollution source inflowed from the upper regions did not seriously affect downstream area (Songcheon water system) due to the role of dam as pollutant barrier. In addition high appearance of Comat type of fish that si hybrid between gold fish (C.auratus) and C. auratus was found in the lake, It was unclear the reasons that high prorortion of mutant species apperared in the lake. Further more researches are required in this area.

대학에서의 인문학 수업에 대한 교수와 학생의 인식과 우수 인문학 강의 사례 분석

김태완,이규민,최명숙,엄우용,최성열 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2006 교육과학연구 Vol.37 No.1

'인문학의 위기'는 이제 주요한 사회문제의 하나로 인식될 정도로 그 심각성을 더해가고 있다. 이 연구는 인문학 수업에 대한 교수와 학생의 인식을 분석하고 우수 인문학 강좌를 선정하여 분석함으로써 효과적인 인문학 강좌의 교수-학습 측면의 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 효과적인 교수-학습 방법의 개발이 인문학 위기를 초래한 원인들을 해결하기 위한 근본적인 처치 방안은 되지 못할지라도, 현재 학생들의 인문학 기피 현상에 대한 인문학 내부의 적극적이고, 구체적인 대응 방안이 될 것으로 기대된다. 이를 위해, 인문학 담당 교수들과 수강 대학생을 대상으로 하는 질문지 조사 방법이 동원되었고, 우수한 인문학 강의 사례를 발굴하여 그들 강좌의 운영 방식과 사용된 교수-학습 방법을 연구하는 사례 연구가 병행되었다. 인문학 강좌의 교수-학습 방법에 대한 학생들과 인문학 전공 교수들의 인식, 인문학 강좌의 사용되는 교수법, 교수-학습 매체, 홈페이지 활용 실태 등이 분석되었고, 효과적인 교수-학습 방법 개발을 위한 교수자 역할, 의사소통, 동기 유발, 교수 매체 활용, 학습 평가 방법 등에 관한 시사점이 도출되었다. The "crisis"of the humanities is getting worse, that it has been recognized as an important social issue. The "crisis" exists not merely in the decreasing number of students majoring in the fields, but in the widespread avoidance of humanities courses among college students. As a solution to overcome the crisis of the humanities, this study focused on developing effective teaching and learning methods which would increase students' interests and motivation in the fields by reflecting recent social changes. Although it cannot be a fundamental solution, we expect it to be a specific and active answer to the problem within the humanities. For the study, both survey and case studies were conducted. The survey collected information from professors in the humanities department and students taking the humanities courses. The cases known for good courses were selected to examine the teaching methods and instructional activities in depth. The survey results described responses of professors and students on teaching and learning methods in the humanities and the utilization of instructional media and homepages, etc. Also, the case study analyzed teaching strategies, communication styles, motivation, instructional media, and testing and course evaluation for effective teaching and learning.

배추 시스테인 단백질 분해 효소 억제 유전자 BCPI-1의 발현과 종자 발아 및 유묘 생장과의 연관성

홍준기,이은영,김정률,양경애,최영주,정우식,김호일,윤대진,이상열,조무제,임체오 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2003 No.-

Phytocystatins are protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases of the papain family that have been identified in both monocot and dicot plants. A cDNA encoding a phytocystatin, BCPI-1 (Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1) has been isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) flower buds. Here, we tested whether BCPI-1 transcription is regulated by hormones, and could be involved in regulating cysteine proteinases during and after germination. BCPI-1 was sensitive to exogenous GA_(3) and ABA, which are important factors controlling seed germination, suggesting that the expression of BCPI-1 is hormonally regulated. We introduced a recombinant plasmid containing the full-length BCPI-1 cDNA under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into rice embryogenic calli using the particle delivery method, and regenerated a number of transgenic rice plants. Constitutively over-expressed BCPI-1 caused changes in overall plant growth and development, including reduced germination and seedling growth. These data support the role of the BCPI-1 in the regulation of endogenous proteinases during both seed germination and subsequent seedling development. Phylocystatins은 papain계열의 cysteine 단백질 분해 효소 활성을 특이적으로 억제하는 억제자로 다양한 식물 종으로부터 분리되었다. 본고에서는, 배추 화아 cDNA library로부터 분리된 phytocystatin인 BCPI-1(Brassica Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor-1)의 생체 내 기능에 대해 연구하였다. 먼저, BCPI-1 전사체는 발아 조절에 중요한 영향을 미치는 GA₃와 ABA에 의해 예민하게 증가, 혹은 감소되는 반응을 보임으로써, BCPI-1이 식물 호르몬의 영향을 받으며, 특히 발아나 유묘의 생장 조절에 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Particle bombardment 방법을 통하여 BCPI-1을 벼의 배 형성 세포 내에 도입, 재분화 시켜 형질 전환 벼를 생성하였다. CaMV 35S promoter의 조절에 의해 지속적인 BCPI-1 발현을 보이는 형질 전환 벼의 경우, 발아와 유묘 생장이 현저히 지연되었다. 위의 결과들을 바탕으로, BCPI-1이 식물체 내에서 생성되는 cysteine 계열의 단밸질 분해 효소 활성을 조절하여 종자의 발아와 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측한다.

Mechanically Powered Transparent Flexible Charge-Generating Nanodevices with Piezoelectric ZnO Nanorods

Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Dukhyun,Jin, Mi-Jin,Kim, Insoo,Kim, Sang-Hyeob,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jong Min,Kim, Sang-Woo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.21 No.21

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Transparent flexible charge-generating piezoelectric nanodevices are developed. The resulting integrated nanodevice generates a noticeable current when it is pushed by application of an external load. Piezoelectric ZnO nanorod-based nanodevices with embossed PdAu top electrodes produce the highest output current density of approximately 10 μA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at a load of 0.9 kgf. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-21-ADMA200803605-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2009-21-21-ADMA200803605-content'> </P>

Phase Locked Loop Sub-Circuits for 24 GHz Signal Generation in 0.5μm SiGe HBT technology

Choi, Woo-Yeol,Kwon, Young-Woo The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2007 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.7 No.4

In this paper, sub-circuits for 24 GHz phase locked 100ps(PLLs) using $0.5{\mu}m$ SiGe HBT are presented. They are 24 Ghz voltage controlled oscillator(VCO), 24 GHz to 12 GHz regenerative frequency divider(RFD) and 12 GHz to 1.5 GHz static frequency divider. $0.5{\mu}m$ SiGe HBT technology, which offers transistors with 90 GHz fMAX and 3 aluminum metal layers, is employed. The 24 GHz VCO employed series feedback topology for high frequency operation and showed -1.8 to -3.8 dBm output power within tuning range from 23.2 GHz to 26 GHz. The 24 GHz to 12 GHz RFD, based on Gilbert cell mixer, showed 1.2 GHz bandwidth around 24 GHz under 2 dBm input and consumes 44 mA from 3 V power supply including I/O buffers for measurement. ECL based static divider operated up to 12.5 GHz while generating divide by 8 output frequency. The static divider drains 22 mA from 3 V power supply.

Molecular Line Observations of the Giant Molecular Cloud Associated with HII Region S152

Woo-Yeol Choi,Y. C. Min,Youngung Lee,Myeong-Gu Park 한국천문학회 2005 天文學會報 Vol.30 No.1

Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Fully rollable transparent nanogenerators have been developed using chemical vapor deposition-grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO-nanorod arrays. The electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are suitable for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA200903815-content'> </P>