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Damages of Young Persimmon Tree as Affected by Application of Immature Liquid Pig Manure
Choi, Seong-Tae,Park, Yeo-Ok,Ahn, Gwang-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Gyeong,Son, Ji-Young,Joung, Wan-Kyu,Hong, Kwang-Pyo The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.2
BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure (LPM) has been used as an alternative for conventional fertilizers on some gramineous crops. However, its chemical properties varied widely depending on the degree of the digestion. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the responses of persimmon trees to immature (not well-digested) LPM application. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten application levels of immature LPM, consisted of a total of 3 to 30 L in 3-L increment, were applied during summer to 5-year-old 'Fuyu' trees grown in 50-L pots. Increasing the LPM application rate caused defoliation, wilting, and chlorosis in leaves. When applied with the rate of 3 L during summer, the tree produced small fruits with low soluble solids and bore few flower buds the following season, indicating insufficient nutritional status. In trees applied with the LPM rates of 6~12 L, both fruit characteristics and above-ground growth of the trees appeared normal but some roots were injured. However, application of higher LPM rates than 27 L resulted in small size, poor coloration, or flesh softening of the fruits the current season. Furthermore, the high LPM rates caused severe cold injury in shoots during winter and weak shoot growth the following season. It was noted that the application of higher LPM rate than 9 L damaged the root, even though above-ground parts of the tree appeared to grow normally. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that an excessive immature LPM application could cause various injuries on leaves, fruits, and the roots in both the current and the following season.
김광준(Gwang Jun Kim),김용욱(Yong Yook Kim),김석영(Suk Young Kim),박찬용(Chan Yong Park),이향미(Hyang Mi Lee),황병철(Byung Chul Whang),이선(Sun Lee),김영진(Young Jin Kim),최승헌(Seung Hun Choi),이순표(Soon Pyo Lee),이종민(Jong Min L 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.6
목적 : 임신 중기 진단적 양수검사후 태아손실과 관련있는 요인들을 알아 보고자하였다. 연구방법 : 1996년 12월부터 1998년 8월 까지 가천의대 부속 길병원 산부인과에서 임신 중기에 양수검사를 시행한 산모 503명중 결과를 확인할 수 있었던 단태임신 412예에서의 임신경과를 산모의 나이, 검사의 적응증, 제태연령, 검사시 천자침의 태반관통여부, 양수의 색, 천자침의 태아접촉등의 요인에 대하여 Student t-test, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구대상 산모 412명의 평균연령은 31.8세였고, 산모의 연령증가시 검사후 임신경과가 나빴다. 검사 적응증이 신경관결손인 산모군은 다른 적응증을 가진 산모군에 비해 임신경과가 나빴으며, 다갈색으로 변색된 양수를 추출한 경우 임신경과가 나빴다. 제태 연령, 천자 침의 태반통과여부, 천자 침의 태아 접촉등은 임신경과에 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론 : 산모의 연령증가, 높은 신경관결손 위험도가 검사의 적응증일때와 다갈색으로 변색된 양수등은 임신중기 양수검사 후 태아손실과 관련있는 인자로 볼 수 있다. Objective: To evaluate factors associated with fetal losses following mid-trimester diagnostic amniocentesis.Methods: 412 pregnancy outcomes following amniocentesis were analyzed for each variables(maternal age, gestational age, indication for the amniocentesis, placental penetration by aspiration needle, needle touch by the fetus, color of amniotic fluid) with statistical methods(student t-test, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression test).Results: Mean maternal age was 31.8±4.9 years, fetal loss rate was increased slightly with the age of the mother. If the indications were abnormally high maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level, the pregnancy courses after the procedure were worse than other indication groups. In cases of discolored amniotic fluid, the dark brown discoloration made the pregnancy outcome poor. Gestational age at the time of the procedure, penetration of the placenta by the aspirating needle, needle touch during the procedure by the fetus, did not influence the outcomes after the procedure. Conclusion: Maternal age, indication as neural tube defect in triple test and dark brown discoloration of amniotic fluid are associated with fetal losses following mid-trimester diagnostic amniocentesis.
Kwang Pyo Chae,Won Oak Choi,Jae-Gwang Lee,Byung-Sub Kang,Seung Han Choi 한국자기학회 2013 Journal of Magnetics Vol.18 No.1
Nickel substituted manganese ferrites, Mn1-xNixFe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), were fabricated by sol-gel method. The effects of sintering and substitution on their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. X-ray diffractometry of Mn0.6Ni0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrite sintered above 523 K indicated a spinel structure; particles increased in size with hotter sintering. The Mossbauer spectrum of this ferrite sintered at 523 K could be fitted as a single quadrupole doublet, indicative of a superparamagnetic phase. Sintering at 573 K led to spectrum fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets and a single quadrupole doublet, indicating both ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic phase. Sintering at 673 K and at 773 K led to spectra fitted as two Zeeman sextets due to a ferrimagnetic phase. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity of Mn0.6Ni0.4Fe₂O₄ ferrite sintered at 773 K were 53.05 emu/g and 142.08 Oe. In Mn1-xNixFe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) ferrites, sintering of any composition at 773 K led to a single spinel structure. Increased Ni substitution decreased the ferrites’ lattice constants and increased their particle sizes. The Mossbauer spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and the octahedral sites of the Fe³? ions. The variations of saturation magnetization and coercivity with changing Ni content could be explained using the changes of particle size.
Won-Ok Choi,Jae-Gwang Lee,Byung-Sub Kang,Kwang Pyo Chae 한국자기학회 2014 Journal of Magnetics Vol.19 No.1
Nano-sized nickel substituted cobalt ferrite powders, NixCo1-xFe₂O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0), were fabricated by the sol-gel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. All the ferrite powders showed a single spinel structure, and behaved ferrimagnetically. When the nickel substitution was increased, the lattice constants and the sizes of particles of the ferrite powders decreased. The Mossbauer absorption spectra of NixCo1-xFe2O4 ferrite powders could be fitted with two six-line subspectra, which were assigned to a tetrahedral A-site and octahedral B-sites of a typical spinel crystal structure. The increase in values of the magnetic hyperfine fields indicated that the superexchange interaction was stronger, with the increased nickel concentration in NixCo1-xFe₂O₄. This could be explained using the cation distribution, which can be written as, (Co0.28-0.28xFe0.72+0.28x)[NixCo0.72-0.72xFe1.28-0.28x]O4. The two values of the saturation magnetization and the coercivity decreased, as the rate of nickel substitution was increased. These decreases could be explained using the cation distribution, the magnetic moment, and the magneto crystalline anisotropy constant of the substituted ions.
Damages of Young Persimmon Tree as Affected by Application of Immature Liquid Pig Manure
( Seong Tae Choi ),( Yeo Ok Park ),( Gwang Hwan Ahn ),( Eun Gyeong Kim ),( Ji Young Son ),( Wan Kyu Joung ),( Kwang Pyo Hong ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.2
BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure (LPM) has been used as an alternative for conventional fertilizers on some gramineous crops. However, its chemical properties varied widely depending on the degree of the digestion. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the responses of persimmon trees to immature (not well-digested) LPM application. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten application levels of immature LPM, consisted of a total of 3 to 30 L in 3-L increment, were applied during summer to 5-year-old ‘Fuyu’ trees grown in 50-L pots. Increasing the LPM application rate caused defoliation, wilting, and chlorosis in leaves. When applied with the rate of 3 L during summer, the tree produced small fruits with low soluble solids and bore few flower buds the following season, indicating insufficient nutritional status. In trees applied with the LPM rates of 6∼12 L, both fruit characteristics and aboveground growth of the trees appeared normal but some roots were injured. However, application of higher LPM rates than 27 L resulted in small size, poor coloration, or flesh softening of the fruits the current season. Furthermore, the high LPM rates caused severe cold injury in shoots during winter and weak shoot growth the following season. It was noted that the application of higher LPM rate than 9 L damaged the root, even though above-ground parts of the tree appeared to grow normally. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that an excessive immature LPM application could cause various injuries on leaves, fruits, and the roots in both the current and the following season.
Seong-Tae Choi,Gwang-Hwan Ahn,Eun-Gyeong Kim,Ji-Young Son,Kwang-Pyo Hong 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.3
The release of mineral nutrients from green manure residues of mowed weeds affects the nutrient supply from soil to fruit crops. Litterbags filled with the residues of two weed species, Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens (Gramineae) and Vicia hirsuta (Leguminosae), were periodically examined after being deposited on the soil surface in a persimmon orchard in mid-May 2011 and 2012. The residues within the litterbag decomposed faster during higher rainfall in 2011 than in 2012. There was no significant difference in the decomposition rate of the residues between the two weed species. In 2011 - 2012, DM remaining (% of initial DM) decreased to 69 - 92% during the first month, 26 - 43% after 2 months, and then it gradually decreased to 17 - 23% after 5 months of deposition. Releases of N, P, and K from the residue were also faster during the first two months in 2011 than in 2012, regardless of the weed species. N remaining (% of initial content) in the residues of the two weed species decreased to 48 - 82% during the first month, 26 - 44% after 2 months, and remained under 25% after 4 months. P from the residue released faster in V. hirsuta than E. tsukushiensis var. transiens during the first month, decreasing to 33 - 67% and 66 - 90% of the initial contents, respectively. It was notable that K remaining rapidly decreased to 66 - 91% during the first month and 4.6 - 14.7% after 2 months of deposition in both years. The results indicated that summer fertilization should be adjusted depending on patterns of nutrient release from weed residues under persimmon trees, considering new weed growth.