How Meditation Affects Ethical Reasoning and Ethical Behavior: Limitations of Current Research and Suggestions Moving Forward

킨청(Kin Cheung ) 원광대학교 마음인문학연구소 2023 마음공부 Vol.7 No.-

마음챙김, 자애 및 연민 명상에 대한 과거의 과학적 연구에서는 이러한 명상의 윤리적 추론 및 윤리적 행동에 대한 영향을 탐구했다. 유감스럽게도, 이러한 연구들이 인용될 때 윤리적 추론, 인식 또는 판단의 향상이 윤리적 행동의 증가와 매우 자주 혼동되곤 한다. 그러나 실험 철학에서의 경험적 증거는 추론과 행동 사이에 중요한 간극을 보여준다. 명상과 윤리적 인식 또는 윤리적 판단에 관한 연구에서도 비슷한 문제가 존재한다. 명상과 윤리에 관한 후속 연구들은 윤리적 행동의 변화에 영향을 미치는 여러 완화 요인이 있다는 것을 인정한다. 비록 나는 연구로부터의 현재 증거가 제한적이라고 결론지었지만, 이 분야는 여전히 유망한 연구 영역이다. 본고는 명상과 윤리적 행동의 변화에 관한 심리학적 연구가 풍성하도록 철학 및 종교학 분야의 통찰력을 결합하는 다학제적 연구의 필요성을 주장한다. Some earlier scientific research on mindfulness, lovingkindness and compassion meditation have investigated their effects on ethical reasoning and ethical behavior. Unfortunately, when these studies are cited, improving ethical reasoning or awareness or judgment is too often conflated with increasing ethical behavior. However, empirical evidence from Experimental Philosophy shows a key gap between reasoning and behavior. A similar issue exists with research on meditation and ethical awareness or ethical judgment. Later studies on meditation and ethics acknowledge that there are mitigating factors that influence changing ethical behavior. Though I conclude that the current evidence from research is limited, it is still a promising area of study. This paper argues for the need for more multidisciplinary work to combine insights from the discipline of philosophy and the field of religious studies in order to inform psychological research on meditation and changing ethical behavior.

A Lethal Sequelae of Spinal Infection Complicating Surgery and Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer

Jason Pui Yin Cheung,Kin Cheung Mak,Helen Hoi Lun Tsang,Keith Dip-Kei Luk 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.4

Patients who have undergone neck dissection and radiotherapy are at risk of cervical spine infections. Furthermore, previous radiotherapy and cervical spine infections can lead to fistula formation to the subarachnoid space and intracranial infection. This report discusses the serious consequences of a missed cervical spine infection including cerebrospinal fluid fistula formation and persistent central nervous system infection, and serves as a reminder to clinicians of the possible association between cervical spine infections and prior head and neck surgery and radiotherapy. In all such cases, the posterior pharyngeal wall should be inspected during followup. Despite the appearance of an intracranial infection, the cervical spine should be investigated, especially if the response to appropriate antibiotics is suboptimal.

An overview of construction noise legislation

Kin Wui Cheng,Cheung Lam Wong,Kai Ming Li 한국소음진동공학회 2003 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.8

The Use of Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Program for Family Caregivers of People Living with Dementia: A Feasibility Study

Daphne Sze Ki Cheung,Patrick Pui Kin Kor,Cindy Jones,Nathan Davies,Wendy Moyle,Wai Tong Chien,Annie Lai King Yip,Suzanne Chambers,Clare Tsz Kiu Yu,Claudia K.Y. Lai 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a modifiedmindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)program for reducing the stress, depressive symptoms, and subjective burden of family caregivers ofpeople with dementia (PWD). Methods: A prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design was adopted. Fifty-sevenparticipants were recruited from the community and randomized into either the modified MBSRgroup (n ¼ 27) or modified MBCT group (n ¼ 26), receiving seven face-to-face intervention sessions formore than 16 weeks. Various psychological outcomes were measured at baseline (T0), immediately afterintervention (T1), and at the 3-month follow-up (T2). Results: Both interventions were found to be feasible in view of the high attendance (more than 70.0%)and low attrition (3.8%) rates. The mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed positive withingroupeffects on perceived stress (p ¼ .030, Cohen's d ¼ 0.54), depressive symptoms (p ¼ .002,Cohen's d ¼ 0.77), and subjective caregiver burden (p < .001, Cohen's d ¼ 1.12) in both interventionsacross the time points, whereas the modified MBCT had a larger effect on stress reduction, comparedwith the modified MBSR (p ¼ .019). Conclusion: Both the modified MBSR and MBCT are acceptable to family caregivers of PWD. Their preliminaryeffects were improvements in stress, depressive symptoms, and subjective burden. The modifiedMBCT may be more suitable for caregivers of PWD than the MBSR. A future clinical trial is needed toconfirm their effectiveness in improving the psychological well-being of caregivers of PWD.

Computed tomography-based radiomic model predicts radiological response following stereotactic body radiation therapy in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer and pulmonary oligo-metastases

Ben Man Fei Cheung,Kin Sang Lau,Victor Ho Fun Lee,To Wai Leung,Feng-Ming Spring Kong,Mai Yee Luk,Kwok Keung Yuen 대한방사선종양학회 2021 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.39 No.4

Purpose: Radiomic models elaborate geometric and texture features of tumors extracted from imaging to develop predictors for clinical outcomes. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly applied in the ablative treatment of thoracic tumors. This study aims to identify predictors of treatment responses in patients affected by early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or pulmonary oligo-metastases treated with SBRT and to develop an accurate machine learning model to predict radiological response to SBRT.Materials and Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 85 tumors (stage I–II NSCLC and pulmonary oligo-metastases) from 69 patients treated with SBRT were analyzed. Gross tumor volumes (GTV) were contoured on CT images. Patients that achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were defined as responders. One hundred ten radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics module based on the GTV. The association of features with response to SBRT was evaluated. A model using support vector machine (SVM) was then trained to predict response based solely on the extracted radiomics features. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate model performance of the identified radiomic predictors.Results: Sixty-nine patients receiving thoracic SBRT from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. Skewness and root mean squared were identified as radiomic predictors of response to SBRT. The SVM machine learning model developed had an accuracy of 74.8%. The area under curves for CR, PR, and non-responder prediction were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.794–0.921), 0.946 (95% CI, 0.873–0.978), and 0.857 (95% CI, 0.789–0.915), respectively.Conclusion: Radiomic analysis of pre-treatment CT scan is a promising tool that can predict tumor response to SBRT.

The effect of self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetables consumption among male firefighters

Winnie Wing Man Ng,Kin Cheung 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Self-efficacy is the key strategy to change health behaviors such as eating behaviors on fruit and vegetables intakes. However, limited studies explore the effect of self-efficacy in fruit and vegetables intake, especially for male firefighters. Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of self-efficacy in the consumption of fruit and vegetables among male firefighters. Methods: The convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit male firefighters from September 2018 to May 2019. Written consent and questionnaire were completed for 48 firefighters to participate in the study at baseline (T0). Randomization was performed by an independent staff member, who was not involved in any other procedure in this study. Twenty-three firefighters from 17 fire stations were allocated to the intervention group (printed pamphlet and teaching materials through WhatsApp) while 25 from six fire stations were allocated to the control group (printed pamphlet). Results: The eating self-efficacy was evaluated by using self-report questionnaire at baseline, 3 and 6 months after the intervention. Test results with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. A total of 45 participants completed this study. Three of them withdrew from the study due to personal issues. Self-efficacy on fruit consumption was significantly improved in both groups, while self-efficacy on vegetables consumption was only found in the control group. Conclusions: Results showed that more work is required to improve the self-efficacy on vegetables consumption. In general, the preparation of fruit might be easier than that of vegetables. Chinese prefer cooked vegetables instead of raw ones, like salad. As a result, the preparation of vegetables might impede firefighters’ self-efficacy. Further research is required to explore the factors affecting firefighters’ self-efficacy on vegetables consumption, and the corresponding improvement strategies.

An Orthogonal Study of Industrial Scale Colour Fading Process of Cotton Fabric

Yao-hui Liu,Chester Kin-Man To,Hiu-yan Cheung,Chi-wai Kan,Hong Chua 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3

Colour fading is now a popular process used for imparting a vintage look to textile and fashion products, whichenhances market value because of the current fashion trends. This study examined a non-aqueous colour fading process with the use of oxygen plasma-induced ozone treatment. An industrial scale machine and commercially available red sulpur-dyed cotton fabric (with 0.5 %, 1.5 % and 2.5 % colour depths) were used in this study. Since the colour fading process factors are inter-related to each other, a specific experiment approach, i.e. orthogonal method, was used for obtaining the optimum conditions in an industrial scale colour fading process. Three process factors used in the industrial scale colour fading process, i.e. (i) oxygen gas concentration (%); (ii) amount of water in fabric (%); and (iii) treatment time (minutes), would be studied in this paper. Through the orthogonal method, the optimum conditions for colour fading of the three colour depths of cotton fabric dyed by red sulphur dye were determined and their optimum conditions were same. The optimum conditions of the colour fading of the three colour depths were: (i) 70 % oxygen gas concentration; (ii) 35 % amount of water in fabric; and (iii) 30 minutes treatment time. Although colour fading conditions are the same, the order of importance of these process factors was different. Unlike the conventional colour fading process, oxygen plasma-induced ozone colour fading treatment can achieve uniform and even colour fading effect in the cotton fabric effectively.

Educational Program with Text Messaging for Community-Dwelling Patients with Hypertension: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Tam Hon Lon,Wong Eliza Mi Ling,Cheung Kin 한국간호과학회 2023 Asian Nursing Research Vol.17 No.3

Purpose Controlling blood pressure minimizes the risk of cardiovascular events among patients with hypertension. Despite regular follow-ups, the hypertension management for patients aged ≥45 years is limited as evidenced from a decreased control rate. This pilot study aimed to test a theory-guided educational program for community-dwelling patients with hypertension. Methods Sixty-nine patients with hypertension aged ≥45 years and having high blood pressure (>130/80 mmHg) were recruited in this two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants in the intervention group underwent a program guided by the Health Promotion Model, whereas those in the control group received usual care. Data were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 12 and used to assess the blood pressure, pulse pressure, self-efficacy, and adherence to hypertension management. Data were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation based on the intention-to-treat principle. Process evaluation was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the educational program. Results The results obtained using the generalized estimating equation revealed that the educational program led to reduction in the systolic blood pressure (β = −7.12, p = .086) and pulse pressure (β = −8.20, p = .007) and to improve self-efficacy (β = 2.61, p = .269) at week 12. The program had a small-to-moderate effect on the reduction of systolic blood pressure (effect size = −0.45) and pulse pressure (effect size = −0.66) and self-efficacy (effect size = 0.23). The participants were highly satisfied with the educational program. Conclusions The educational program was found to be feasible and acceptable and may be incorporated into current hypertension management practices at the community level. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier: NCT04565548.

Integration of Adults with Mental Handicaps into the Community of Hong Kong

David Ping-Pui,Tak-wah yeung,Man-hung Ngan,Chau-Kiu Cheung,Kin-yin Li BK21 Project Force of Special Education Deagu Univ 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Special Education Vol.1 No.3

The exten and factors of the integration of adults with mental handicaps into the community of Hong Kong is an uncharted area for rigorous investigation. To conduct the investigation, this study surveyed a representative sample of 692 adults, aged 15 or above, from the end of 1998 through early 1999. The survey sapmle sufficient numbers of adults of the three levels of handicaps, mild(n=234), moderate(n=337), and severe grades(n=121). To measure community intergration, the study employed a comprehensive set of scales, which demonstrated satisfactory reliability. With data weighted to best represent the population adults with mental handicaps in Hong Kong, the study found that being accepred was the highest.

Prospective randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty

Li Moses Man-Lung,Kwok Jojo Yan-Yan,Chung Kwong-Yin,Cheung Kin-Wing,Chiu Kwok-Hing,Chau Wai-Wang,Ho Kevin Ki Wai 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant perioperative blood loss and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reversibly blocks lysine binding sites on plasminogen molecules and inhibits plasmin formation. Comparisons of the efficacy and safety of intra-articular and intravenous TXA in primary TKA have not previously been reported.A prospective randomized trial was conducted in 150 patients who underwent TKA, and these patients were randomized into three groups. Patients in Group A were injected by intra-articular TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg). Patients in Group B received a standard dose of intra-articular TXA (2000 mg), and those in Group C were infused with TXA according to body weight (20 mg/kg) before tourniquet deflation and again 3 h later. Baseline characteristics and data collected at blood transfusion were compared. Differences among four time points (baseline, day 0, day 2, and day 5) were carried out using ANOVA. The hemoglobin levels at postoperative day 5 were 10.6 g/dL for Group A, 10.6 g/dL for Group B, and 10.7 g/dL for Group C. The drain output was 399 ml for Group A, 314 ml for Group B, and 305 ml for Group C ( p = 0.03). Group C had significantly less drain output than Group A after post hoc comparisons ( p = 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between Group A and B ( p = 0.09) or between Group B and C. The weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intravenously significantly reduced the drain output but not the total blood loss when compared with the weight-adjusted dose of TXA administered intra-articularly. No significant difference was observed in the other parameters among the three groups. The Joint CUHK-NTEC CREC, CRE-2013.644-T . Registered 1 March 2014.