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Non-interfacial self-assembly of synthetic protocells
Xiaolin Xu,Wencai Guan,Xiaolei Yu,Guoxiong Xu,Chenglong Wang 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00
Background Protocell refers to the basic unit of life and synthetic molecular assembly with cell structure and function. The protocells have great applications in the field of biomedical technology. Simulating the morphology and function of cells is the key to the preparation of protocells. However, some organic solvents used in the preparation process of protocells would damage the function of the bioactive substance. Perfluorocarbon, which has no toxic effect on bioactive substances, is an ideal solvent for protocell preparation. However, perfluorocarbon cannot be emulsified with water because of its inertia. Methods Spheroids can be formed in nature even without emulsification, since liquid can reshape the morphology of the solid phase through the scouring action, even if there is no stable interface between the two phases. Inspired by the formation of natural spheroids such as pebbles, we developed non-interfacial self-assembly (NISA) of microdroplets as a step toward synthetic protocells, in which the inert perfluorocarbon was utilized to reshape the hydrogel through the scouring action. Results The synthetic protocells were successfully obtained by using NISA-based protocell techniques, with the morphology very similar to native cells. Then we simulated the cell transcription process in the synthetic protocell and used the protocell as an mRNA carrier to transfect 293T cells. The results showed that protocells delivered mRNAs, and successfully expressed proteins in 293T cells. Further, we used the NISA method to fabricate an artificial cell by extracting and reassembling the membrane, proteins, and genomes of ovarian cancer cells. The results showed that the recombination of tumor cells was successfully achieved with similar morphology as tumor cells. In addition, the synthetic protocell prepared by the NISA method was used to reverse cancer chemoresistance by restoring cellular calcium homeostasis, which verified the application value of the synthetic protocell as a drug carrier. Conclusion This synthetic protocell fabricated by the NISA method simulates the occurrence and development process of primitive life, which has great potential application value in mRNA vaccine, cancer immunotherapy, and drug delivery.
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Wang, Yumeng,Xu, Yuhua,Shen, Liang,Xu, Chenglong,Cheng, Yunpeng The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.2
In this research, we study the problem of opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) in a time-varying environment with fading channels, where the channel state is characterized by both channel quality and the occupancy of primary users (PUs). First, a finite-state Markov channel model is introduced to represent a fading channel. Second, by probing channel quality and exploring the activities of PUs jointly, a two-dimensional partially observable Markov decision process framework is proposed for OSA. In addition, a greedy strategy is designed, where a secondary user selects a channel that has the best-expected data transmission rate to maximize the instantaneous reward in the current slot. Compared with the optimal strategy that considers future reward, the greedy strategy brings low complexity and relatively ideal performance. Meanwhile, the spectrum sensing error that causes the collision between a PU and a secondary user (SU) is also discussed. Furthermore, we analyze the multiuser situation in which the proposed single-user strategy is adopted by every SU compared with the previous one. By observing the simulation results, the proposed strategy attains a larger throughput than the previous works under various parameter configurations.
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Yumeng Wang,Yuhua Xu,Liang Shen,Chenglong Xu,Yunpeng Cheng 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.2
In this research, we study the problem of opportunisticspectrum access (OSA) in a time-varying environment with fadingchannels, where the channel state is characterized by bothchannel quality and the occupancy of primary users (PUs). First,a finite-state Markov channel model is introduced to represent afading channel. Second, by probing channel quality and exploringthe activities of PUs jointly, a two-dimensional partially observableMarkov decision process framework is proposed for OSA. In addition,a greedy strategy is designed, where a secondary user selects achannel that has the best-expected data transmission rate to maximizethe instantaneous reward in the current slot. Compared withthe optimal strategy that considers future reward, the greedy strategybrings low complexity and relatively ideal performance. Meanwhile,the spectrum sensing error that causes the collision betweena PU and a secondary user (SU) is also discussed. Furthermore,we analyze the multiuser situation in which the proposed singleuserstrategy is adopted by every SU compared with the previousone. By observing the simulation results, the proposed strategy attainsa larger throughput than the previous works under variousparameter configurations.
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2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Serial Computed Tomography Findings
Jiangping Wei,Huaxiang Xu,Jingliang Xiong,Qinglin Shen,Bing Fan,Chenglong Ye,Wentao Dong,Fangfang Hu 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.4
From December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia (formerly known as the 2019 novel Coronavirus [2019nCoV]) broke out in Wuhan, China. In this study, we present serial CT findings in a 40-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with the symptoms of fever, chest tightness, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CT showed rapidly progressing peripheral consolidations and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. After treatment, the lesions were shown to be almost absorbed leaving the fibrous lesions.
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Ju Jinrong,Yali Feng,Haoran Li,Hao Wu,Shunliang Liu,Chenglong Xu,Xin Li 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.3
In order to effectively separate and recover copper, cobalt, nickel and manganese from the leaching solution of ocean cobalt-rich crusts, a process of selective precipitation and extraction using precipitation with Na2S solution and solvent extraction with N235 extractant, was proposed. The optimum separation and recovery process conditions were determined through single factor condition experiments. The results show the precipitation efficiency of copper can reach 99.87%, while the precipitation efficiency of cobalt and nickel was 1.23% and 1.08%, respectively, at the initial pH of 0.60. Similarly, under the condition of initial pH of 4.00, 99.18% cobalt and 98.31% nickel were precipitated and only 0.89% manganese was co-precipitated. The mixed cobalt-nickel precipitation was completely dissolved with HCl solution, then N235 extractant was used to extract cobalt from solution. The extraction efficiency of cobalt can exceed 99% though three stages countercurrent extraction under optimal extraction conditions (chloride ion concentration of 9mol/L, the N235 concentration of 30% (v/v), the phase ratio (O/A) of 2, and at 298.15 K for 8min). In addition, thermodynamic calculations showed that the extraction of cobalt from acid leaching solution of ocean cobaltrich crust with N235 as the extractant was an exothermic reaction.
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