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Infrared-sensitive pit organ and trigeminal ganglion in the crotaline snakes
Changjong Moon 대한해부학회 2011 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.44 No.1
The infrared (IR) receptors in the pit organ of crotaline snakes are very sensitive to temperature. The sensitivity to IR radiation is much greater in crotaline snakes than in boid snakes because they have a thermosensitive membrane suspended in a pair of pits that comprise the pit organ. The vasculature of the pit membrane, which is located near IR-sensitive terminal nerve masses, the IR receptors, supplies the blood necessary to provide cooling and the energy and oxygen that the IR receptors require. The ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the pit membrane. In crotaline snakes, the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is divided into the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular ganglia; a prominent septum further separates the two divisions of the maxillomandibular ganglion. The TG neurons in the ophthalmic ganglion and the maxillary division of the maxillomandibular ganglion relay IR sensation to the brain. This article reviews the IR-sensitive pit organ and trigeminal sensory system structures in crotaline snakes.
ChangJong Kim(김창종),JongSung Kim(김종성),HyunSu Jang(장현수),YungChan Kim(김영찬) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11
In this study, Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) growth analysis was performed through welding residual stress and neutron irradiation analysis of Core Shroud, one of the reactor internal structure. There has not been sufficient research to predict IASCC growth behavior for neutron irradiation, temperature and thermodynamic treatment of reactor internal structure. Therefore, it is important to predict the IASCC growth behavior of the core shroud because there are many welds in the core shroud, one of the reactor internal structures, and it is operated under high temperature and neutron irradiation environment. In the previous study, after residual stress analysis, neutron irradiation and IASCC sensitivity analysis were performed. Through the analysis results, two maximum sensitivity points at 20, 30, and 40 EFPY with IASCC sensitivity of 0.5 or higher were selected as cracks initiation points. All cracks were found in the weld. The growth direction of cracks in the weld was determined according to the direction of the principal stress by deriving the principal stress at the point where the maximum IASCC sensitivity occurred. The IASCC finite element growth analysis results will present the energy release rate according to the crack location.
Moon, Changjong,Ahn, Meejung,Jeong, Chanwoo,Kim, Heechul,Shin, Taekyun Informa Healthcare 2011 Immunological investigations Vol.40 No.2
<P>To investigate whether netrin-1 is involved in autoimmune injury of the central nervous system, the expression of netrin-1 protein was analyzed in the spinal cord of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Western blot analysis revealed significantly increased content of netrin-1 in the spinal cords of rats at the peak stage of EAE, as compared with the levels in normal control animals (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry detected the netrin-1 protein in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the spinal cords of normal controls. In EAE-affected spinal cords, netrin-1 immunoreactivity was detected in infiltrating inflammatory cells at the peak stage as well as in neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. These results suggest that netrin-1 is transiently increased in rat EAE lesions, where it contributes to the modulation of rat acute EAE.</P>