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연비주행사이클의 냉간조건에서 엔진 냉각수 제어밸브 개폐에 따른 연료소비량 변화에 관한 실험적 연구
이창인(Changin Lee),송춘섭(Chunsub Song),한수지(Sooji Han) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2019 No.11
Fuel Consumption of vehicle is affected and determined by combustion efficiency of engine and friction of driveline. Specially, when vehicle is in a cold condition, the effect is much bigger owing to heat loss from low temperature of combustion chamber and friction from low temperature of engine oil and transmission oil. In this paper, one thing is found which control system would be more advantageous from a fuel consumption perspective, for coolant of cylinder head quickly warmed up in a cold condition between using the coolant to be increased temperature for high fuel efficiency and using the coolant to be reduced friction of engine oil and transmission oil through experimental method from NEDC, WLTC and UDDS. For this control, it’s realized through CCV which is adjusted flow path of coolant, and timing of open and close for CCV as per each test cycle is decided on 120℃ metal temperature of cylinder head. As a result of NEDC and WLTC, fuel consumption is improved on CCV close test right after test cycles begin. This is considered more beneficial that CCV close test in a cold condition increases temperature of combustion chamber, makes higher fuel efficiency, and decreases DFCO start timing from fast coolant temperature rise than CCV open test. At UDDS in a cold condition, fuel consumption according to CCV open and close shows less than the result of NEDC & WLTC. In case of UDDS, there are more of acceleration and high speed at the test cycle than NEDC & WLTC, therefore CCV opens fast, the time for high fuel efficiency period is short, and DFCO activated time is the same regardless of CCV open & close.
MoonDoo Kim,JoonHyuk Park,ChangIn Lee,NaRi Kang,JaeSung Ryu,BongHee Jeon,KiWoong Kim,WonMyong Bahk,BoHyun Yoon,Seunghee Won,JunHwa Lee,DukSoo Kim,SeongChul Hong 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.2
Objective-To investigate the prevalence of dementia and its correlates among people with poor socioeconomic status, poor social support systems, and poor performance on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE-KC). Methods-We used 2006-2009 data of the National Early Dementia Detection Program (NEDDP) conducted on Jeju Island. This program included all residents >65 years old who were receiving financial assistance. We examined those who performed poorly (standard deviation from the norm of <-1.5) on the MMSE-KC administered as part of the NEDDP, using age-, gender-, and education-adjusted norms for Korean elders. A total of 1708 people were included in this category. Results-The prevalence of dementia in this group was 20.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the following factors were statistically significantly associated with dementia: age of 80 or older, no education, nursing home residence, and depression. Conclusion-The prevalence of dementia is very high among those with lower MMSE-KC scores, and significant correlates include older age, no education, living in a nursing home, and depression. Enhancing lifetime education to improve individuals’ cognitive reserves by providing intellectually challenging activities, encouraging living at home rather than in a nursing home, and preventing and treating depression in its early phase could reduce the prevalence of dementia in this population.
JaeMin Song,YoungEun Jung,JoonHyuk Park,MoonDoo Kim,MinSeok Cheon,ChangIn Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is associated with severe skin eruptions, fever, hematological abnormalities, and multi-organ involvement. Although aromatic anticonvulsant drugs have been frequently associated with the manifestation of DRESS syndrome, its induction following treatment with nonaromatic anticonvulsants, such as valproate, has rarely been reported. Moreover, there are limited data regarding the development of neosensitization related to chemically unrelated drugs following an episode of DRESS syndrome. Here, a case of neosensitization to multiple drugs is described. The present case report describes a female patient who experienced neosensitization to amoxicillin, olanzapine, and quetiapine following the manifestation of DRESS syndrome induced by valproate.