Brain Topological Correlates of Motor Performance Changes After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Park, Chang-hyun,Chang, Won Hyuk,Yoo, Woo-Kyoung,Shin, Yong-Il,Kim, Sung Tae,Kim, Yun-Hee Mary Ann Liebert 2014 Brain connectivity Vol.4 No.4

<P>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) influences the brain temporally beyond the stimulation period and spatially beyond the stimulation site. Application of rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to lead to plastic changes in interregional connectivity over the motor system as well as alterations in motor performance. With a sequential combination of rTMS over the M1 and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we sought changes in the topology of brain networks and specifically the association of brain topological changes with motor performance changes. In a sham-controlled parallel group experimental design, real or sham rTMS was administered to each of the 15 healthy subjects without prior motor-related dysfunctions, over the right M1 at a high frequency of 10 Hz. Before and after the intervention, fMRI data were acquired during a sequential finger motor task using the left, nondominant hand. Changes in the topology of brain networks were assessed in terms of global and local efficiency, which measures the efficiency in transporting information at global and local scales, respectively, provided by graph-theoretical analysis. Greater motor performance changes toward improvements after real rTMS were shown in individuals who exhibited more increases in global efficiency and more decreases in local efficiency. The enhancement of motor performance after rTMS is supposed to be associated with brain topological changes, such that global information exchange is facilitated, while local information exchange is restricted.</P>

측두하악관절 골관절염 환자의 진단에서 Cone Beam 전산화 단층촬영의 유용성

노창세,정연화,태일호,고명연,안용우,Roh, Chang-Se,Jung, Yun-Hoa,Tae, Il-Ho,Ko, Myung-Yun,Ahn, Yong-Woo 대한안면통증구강내과학회 2009 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.34 No.1

This study is designed to assess Relationship between clinical diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and diagnostic finding of Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) The author performed clinical examination for TMD Patients who visited Orofacial pain clinic, Jin-ju ooo Dental office. CBCT(Cone beam computed tomography) was taken for 190 joints in 95 subjects. A Oral medicine and Oral radiologist evaluated CBCT each other. then we compared with that result, Condyle bony changes were classified by no bone change, flattening, erosion and osteophyte. The obtained results were as follow: 1. The Kappa index of the diagnosis between oral medicine and oral radiogist were high, the index of diagnosis by degenerative joint disease were more higher. 2. The Kappa index of panoramic view and CBCT was low, more condylar bone chages were observed by CBCT diagnosis 3. Condylar bone changes of the 54.2% of non-DJD group clinicaly was observed by CBCT diagnosis and no bone changes of the 15.3% of DJD group.was observed by CBCT 4. TMJ pain was associated with erosion of condyle bone change of TMJ. Crepitation and longest duration of TMD were associated with osteophytic bone change.

농업부문 에너지 수급 구조와 전망

김연중(Yun-Jung Kim),박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),강창용(Chang-Yong Kang),김윤형(Yun-Hyung Kim),김한호(Han-Ho Kim),오세익 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

According to economic development and changes in internal and external economic conditions, the energy consumption structure and consumption by energy source of our country are largely changing. Nevertheless, South Korea depends on imports for most of its energy, because natural energy resources are insufficient, and is very sensitive to energy-related issues. Recently, because the International Convention on Climate Change raised concern about diminishing fossil fuels and global warming, the importance of energy efficiency is increasing. To understand the energy input structure of the agricultural sector in order to prepare for efficient energy management plans, it is necessary to predict energy consumption by main items. For this, input-outpur analysis was conducted. It was found that our agriculture and forestry and fisheries industry consumed 3.79 million tons oil equivalent(toe) in 2007, and the agriculture sector is expanding; on the other hand, the livestock and forestry and fisheries sectors are generally shrinking. The agriculture sector remarkably uses energy for vegetables and flowering plants, and in the case of vegetables, consumption has increased by more than 9%, and even consumption of flowering plants has increased by more than 11% above the annual average. In addition, the energy input coefficient in the agriculture sector decreased by more than 30% compared with 1995, confirming that, in general, dependence on energy is being avoided. The agriculture sector is an industry dependent on energy as a result of the relatively large input coefficient in horticulture. Meanwhile, domestic new renewable energy use in our country is just 2.43% of total consumption of the first energy but has shown a tendency to swiftly increase the supply rate of new renewable energy since 2000; however, consumption in the agriculture sector is mainly oil related compared with other industries, and the consumption of new renewable energy is almost nothing. Nevertheless, the government established a goal of expanding the supply rate level of new renewable energy to 4.3% in 2015, 6.1% in 2020, and 11% in 2030, so the use of new renewable energy is expected to increase even in the agriculture sector in the future. Energy is the most important resource for the entire range of the national economy, and because of the effect of oil price increases, it has become a major interest of agriculture. Therefore, the government is preparing various policies for the efficient use of energy as well as energy saving. Accordingly, it is important to plan energy-related efficient policy by supplying basic data on energy policy establishment in the agriculture sector by analyzing the supply and demand status of clean energy in the agriculture sector along with the potential energy demand of the main agricultural and livestock products.

Morphological Changes of Bones and Joints with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Hong, Yun-Kyung,Javaregowda, Palaksha Kanive,Lee, Sang-Kil,Lee, Sang-Rae,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Hong, Yong-Geun The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2011 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.35 No.2

Arthritis is a common disease in aged people, and is clinically divided into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although common symptoms such as pain are present, the underlying pathological mechanisms are slightly different. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to compare joint damage induced by RA and OA by analyzing the major morphological and molecular differences, and to propose a suitable therapeutic intervention based on the pathophysiological conditions of bones and joints. For the RA animal model, 8-week-old DBA1/J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Normal C57BL/6 mice (over 2 years of age) were used for OA. The clinical arthritis score was calculated using a subjective scoring system, and paw thicknesses were measured using calipers. The serum TNF ${\alpha}$ level was analyzed using an ELISA kit. Micro-CT was used to identify pathological characteristics and morphological changes. In collagen-induced RA mice, there were increased ankle joint volumes and clinical scores (p<0.01). The concentration of TNF ${\alpha}$ was significantly increased from 3 to 7 weeks after immunization. Micro-CT images showed trabecular bone destruction, pannus formation, and subchondral region destruction in RA mice. OA among aged mice showed narrowed joint spaces and breakdown of articular cartilage. This study suggests that a careful therapeutic intervention between RA and OA is required, and it should be based on morphological alteration of bone and joint.

메틸오렌지에 의한 나일론의 염색에 있어서 열역학적 특성 -소수결합의 영향-

임용진,윤남식,이창모,Im, Yong-Jin,Yun, Nam-Sik,Lee, Chang-Mo 한국섬유공학회 1987 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The bindings of nylons with methyl orange were studied, and the first binding constants and thermodynamic parameters for the binding were obtained. It was found that, with increasing the methylene group of the nylons, the free energy for the binding increased negatively and the enthalpy and the entropy increased positively. The favorable free energy change for the binding appeared to be a result of favorable entropy change rather than enthalpy change. All these facts obtained can be interpreted by the hydrophobic interaction between the hydrocarbon moiety of the dye and the hydrocarbon parts of the nylons, and it is reasonable to conclude that not only the electrostatic attraction but also the hydrophobic interaction contributes to the binding of methyl orange, a typical acid dye, by nylons.

콤바인 HST 전자제어시스템 개발

서신원(Sin-Won Seo),허윤근(Yun-Kun Huh),이제용(Je-Yong Lee),이창규(Chang-Kyu Lee),배근수(Keun-Soo Bae) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 농업과학연구 Vol.38 No.1

I/An electro-hydraulic transmission having advantages of convenience, safety, simple linking and high power, and an electronic control system were designed and fabricated. In this study, characteristics of the control system were investigated through outdoor tests for evaluation of installation of the system on a combine. Major findings were as followings. 1. Experiment for performance evaluation of the control system was conducted on concrete road. With steering lever in neutral position, driving HST swash plate and left/right wheel speed increased in proportion to driving lever angle. In case of steering control, steering swash plate angle changed in proportion to steering lever angle. This should cause increase in outer wheel speed, but it was observed that HST swash plate was controlled toward neutral to maintain the speed before steering. As a result, speed before steering was maintained despite the change in outer wheel speed by steering HST swash plate angle change. 2. It was observed that the HST system enabled steering with outer wheel maintained at constant speeds while inner wheel speed decreased, which was more stable than conventional mechanical links. In addition, for the selected 5 criteria, experiment showed satisfactory results and it was judged that installation on real vehicle would be feasible. 3. The control system showed response property of appropriate forward/reverse movement and lift/right steering, without causing any problems during experiment on concrete. Result of response property experiment on field operation also showed appropriate control over forward/reverse movement and left/right steering

지열시스템의 그라우트 및 수온변화가 미생물에 미치는 영향 실험

조윤주,이진용,김창균,한지선,Jo, Yun-Ju,Lee, Jin-Yong,Kim, Chang-Gyun,Han, Ji-Sun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2009 지하수토양환경 Vol.14 No.4

Objective of this study was to examine the effects of grouts and temperature change on microorganisms in geothermal heat pump. Groundwater samples were obtained from wells in the heat pump system during installation (Oriental medicine hospital) and in the heat pump system under operation (Business incubation center). Grouts are the volclay sodium bentonite. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate total bacterial number and 16S rDNA. The results showed that total bacterial number of groundwater in the heat pump operation was greater than that of non-operation case, which indicates a temperature effect on the bacterial culture. In addition, high concentration of grout showed an elevated bacteria number. In the mean time, a long-term field monitoring is essentially required to confirm the effects of the grouts and the temperature changes. 본 논문은 지열시스템의 설치 시 사용되는 그라우트와 운영에 따른 수온변동이 유발할 수 있는 미생물학적 영향을 실내실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 시료는 지열히트펌프가 아직 가동되지 않는 관정(한방병원)과 지열 히트펌프가 가동 중인 곳(창업보육센터)에서 채취하였다. 실험에 사용한 그라우트는 볼클레이 벤토나이트로 나트륨(Na)계이며 Real-time PCR을 사용하여 각 시료에서 추출된 총 유전자 DNA 중 세균이 가지고 있는 16S rDNA를 정량함으로써 전체 세균의 양을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 지열히트펌프가 가동 중인 지하수에서 총 세균양이 가장 많았으며 벤토나이트를 주입하면서 세균수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한편 그라우트 및 수온영향을 보다 명확하게 파악하기 위해서는 장기적인 현장모니터링이 요구된다.

가교량의 온도응력 평가

박영훈,이승용,변윤주,장동일,Park, Young Hoon,Lee, Seung Yong,Byun, Yun Joo,Chang, Dong Il 한국강구조학회 1998 韓國鋼構造學會 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

교량의 신설 또는 보수를 위한 작업차량의 진출입로나 기존 통행차량의 우회를 목적으로 한시적으로 사용되는 가교량은 일반적으로 상부구조로 H-Beam, 하부구조로 H-Pile을 사용하여, 이들 각 부재를 고장력볼트로 연결한 강구조 형식을 채택하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 교량은 상부구조에 신축이음부를 두지 않고 있어 일일기온차에 의해 발생하는 온도응력이 전체 구조거동에 미치는 영향이 클 것으로 예상된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 상부구조인 H-Beam에 온도와 변형률의 상시계측을 위한 모니터링 시스템을 도입하여 측정된 온도 및 변형률 데이터로부터 발생온도와 온도응력의 관계를 조사하였으며, 구조해석을 통한 이론치와의 비교를 실시하여 각 부재에서 발생하는 온도응력이 전체 구조거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 본 구조물에서 발생하는 응력의 변화는 부재의 온도변화에 의한 온도응력이 주원인인 것으로 나타났으며, 하부구조인 H-Pile의 충분한 교축방향 변위로 인하여 상부구조인 H-Beam의 온도변형 구속은 이루어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 상부구조인 H-Beam간의 연결 강성이 충분하지 않아 전체 구조계보다는 부분 구조계에 대한 해석으로부터 얻어진 변형량이 측정 온도 및 응력으로부터 계산된 변형량과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. The temporary steel bridges which are constructed for detour and constructional expediency are consisted of H-beams(as superstructure) and H-piles(as substructure). Because these members are fastened by high-tension bolts, there are no expansion joints in these bridges. So, these kinds of bridges have no system which can relieve the excessive thermal stress. In this investigation, monitoring system was set up at temporary steel bridge and stress and temperature changes of H-beam are monitored. From these measured data, it is analyzed that the relationship between ambient and main-girder temperature change, between temperature and stress change. With these analyses, it is resulted that the thermal stress take main part of stress variation in this bridge and the restrain of thermal longitudinal displacement of H-pile. In addition, because the connection part of H-beam to H-beam is weak in the continuous spans, the sub-modelling is well apt to reflect the effect of thermal stress.

위의 유암종과 선종의 병발 1례

장재식,강혁주,이중현,서영범,윤병구,김용섭,이구,서정일,양창헌,이창우,김정란,윤환중 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2000 東國醫學 Vol.7 No.-

유암종은 전신에 퍼져 잇는 장크롬친화성 세포에서 기원하는데 위의 유암종은 비교적 드문 질환으로 모든 유암종의 1.9~2.2%에 해당하며 위에 발생하는 종양의 1% 미만에서 보고되고 있다. 유암종은 일반적으로 증상이 비특이적이고 면역조직화학검사에 의해서 진단되기 때문에 과거에는 드물게 발견되었으나 최근 내시경 기기 및 술기의 발전과 검사 빈도의 증가 및 면역조직화학검사의 발달로 진단율이 증가 추세에 있으며, 드물지만 유암종에서 선암과 공존하는 예들이 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 심와부 동통을 주소로 내원한 70세 남자 환자의 상부위장관내시경 검사에서 위체상부의 대만곡에서 0.4×0.4 cm 크기의 중간 함몰을 가진 Yamada 1형의 용종과 함께 전정부의 전벽에서 0.8×0.5 cm 크기의 융기된 점막 소견을 보여 조직학적으로 각각 위유암종 및 위선종임을 확진한 후 내시경적 용종 절제술로 치료한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Carcinoid tumors are arisen from enterochromaffin cells, which are scattered throughout the body. These tumors are composed of variable numbers of cells that contain endocrine granules in their cytoplasm, which can be identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Gastric carcinoid tumors are relatively rare tumor, the reported incidence being 1.9~2.2% of all carcinoid tumors and less than 1% of all gastric tumors. Sometimes, composite carcinoid tumors and adenocarcinoma is reported. We experienced a case of the coincidence of carcinoid tumor and adenoma at the other site of the stomach in a 70 year old male patient. Gastrofiberscope showed 0.4×0.4 cm sized Yamada type I polyp with central depression on the greater curvature of the proximal body and 0.8×0.5 cm sized focal slightly elevated mucosa on the anterior wall of the antrum. The endoscopic biopsy specimens revealed carcinoid tumor and tubular adenoma with moderate atypism, respectively. The carcinoid tumor and adenoma were removed by endoscopic polypectomy. According to the follow-up gastrofiberoscopy after 7 month later, both lesions were nearly normal mucosa except whitish atrophic change after polypectomy.

Kim,Dong-jo

장재철,김동윤,박영순,전철,김동조 群山大學校 自然科學硏究所 1991 自然科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

홍삼 추출물이 반치사량정도의 방사선(5Gy)에 조사된 생쥐조직 및 이들 조직에서의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 ICR계 생쥐를 대상으로, 생리적 식염수군을 대조구군으로 하여, 홍삼 추출물 투여군과 방사선만을 조사한군 및 홍삼 추출물 투여후 방사선 조사군 등 4군으로 나누어 1일, 4일, 9일, 17일 및 30일 등 5회에 걸쳐 생체의 조직중 비장 및 고환에서의 중량 변화 및 GOT와 GPT의 활성을 측정하여 결과를 얻었다. 비장의 중량변화는 1일째 및 4일째 최소치를 보이다가 이후 증가추세를 보였으며, 고환의 중량 변화는 17일 이후 급격한 감소로 30일에도 증가하지 못했다. GOT의 활성도 변화는 비장에서는 초기에 현저히 증가했으며 이후 회복하는 경향이었다. 방사선 조사군들에서는 홍삼추출물 투여군이 방사선만을 조사한 군보다 빠르게 회복하는 경향이었으며 고환에서의 GOT활성은 매우 불안정하였다. GPT 활성도 변화는 비장, 고환에서 모두 초기에 증가하다가 점차 회복하는 경향이었으며 홍삼 추출물 투여후 방사선 조사군이 방사선만을 조사한군보다 빠르게 회복하는 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 홍삼 추출물은 방사선 조사에 의하여 기인된 비장 및 고환의 GOT와 GPT활성도 증가에 방호효과가 있다고 생각된다. This study was prepared to observe the change of tissues weight, glutamate oxaloacetate transminase(GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transminase(GPT) activities in the spleen and testis treated with red ginseng extract injection in the gamma ray irradiated mice. Groups were divided into control, red ginseng extract injection, irradiation after saline injection and irradiation after red ginseng extract injection. The spleen and testis weights were decreased at 17th day irradiation after saline injection and irradiation after red ginseng extract injection. The GOT activity showed earlier recovery at irradiation after red ginseng extract injection group than irradiation after saline injection group in the spleen. The GPT activity showed earlier recovery at irradiation after red ginseng extract injection group than irradiation after saline injection group in the spleen and testis. The above result suggest that red ginseng extract have the recovery effect on the change GOT and GPT activity after radiation injury in the spleen and testis of mice.