정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애에 대한 올란자핀의 효과와 안전성

안용민,강대엽,권준수,김창윤,김철응,반건호,신영민,이기철,이동우,이중서,조현상,채정호,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 다기관 공동임상연구는 국내 환자를 대상으로 새로운 항정신병약물인 올라자핀의 치료 효과와 안전성을 확인하고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2000년 3월까지 국내 10개 병원에 방문한 정신분열병 및 정신분열형 장애 105명을 대상으로 비대조 개방 임상연구를 시행하였다. 중등도 이상의 정신병 증상을 지니거나, 부작용으로 약물교체가 필요한 경우 또는 기분장애 증상의 치료가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 2∼7일간의 약물 배설기간 후에 1일 10mg의 올란자핀을 투여하였고, 이후로 3∼7일 간격으로 용량을 조절하여 총 8주간 투여하였다. 치료 효과는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression-Severity), MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety)로 판정하였다. 안전성 평가는 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 활력징후와 혈액 검사 및 SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale), BARS(Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale), AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale)척도를 이용하였다. 결 과 : 105명중에서 85.7%인 90명이 8주간의 치료를 완료하였다. 평균 최빈 용량은 일일 16.1(±4.7)mg이었고, 종료시점에서의 BPRS전체 점수가 기저 상태에 비해 40%이상 감소된 반응군은 69.5%이었다. PANSS의 양성 증후군과 일반정신병리 뿐만 아니라 음성 증후군 소척도에서도 유의한 감소를 보였으며, 이 감소들은 치료 초기부터 나타나서 8주간 지속되었다. 43.8%의 피험자가 중등도 이상의 우울증상을 같이 지니고 있었으며, 올란자핀에 의해 MADRS와 HAM-A가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료 기간 동안에 활력징후에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었으나 체중은 8주간 지속적으로 증가하였다. SAS와 AIMS는 감소하였으며, 정좌불능증을 제외한 나머지 추체외로 증상의 발생비율도 낮았다. 임상적인 증상이나 징후를 동반하지 않는 ALT/SGPT의 상승을 보였지만 프로락틴을 포함하는 대부분의 혈액 검사상 뚜렷한 이상 변화는 없었다. 결 론 ; 비록 본 임상연구가 비대조 개방 임상연구로서 많은 제한점을 가지고 있지만, 올란자핀이 기존 약물에 내약성을 보이거나 기분증상을 동반하는 정신병에 치료 효과가 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물 치료시에 문제가 되었던 추체외로 증상과 고프르로락틴 혈증을 포함하는 대부분의 부작용면에서 안전성을 보여 주었다. Objective : This multicenter clinical trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy and the safety of olanzpine for the treatment of Korean patients. Mothod : 105 patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, visited at 10 mental or university hospitals, had received an open and non-comparative treatment with olanzapine for 8 weeks. Patients had psychotic or depressive symptoms with the severity above moderate degree or intolerable side effects to previous antipsychotics. After a wash-out period of 2-7 days, 10mg olanzapine was prescribed initially to all the patients, and then the dosage could be adjusted within the range of 5-20mg/day of olanzapine by 3-7 days. Results : 90(85.7%) of 105 patients completed the 8-weeks trial and the mean modal dose of olanzapine was 16.1(±4.7%)mg/day. At the end of the trial, 73 patients(69.5%) were classified as responder, which was defined as 40% or more improvement in BPRS(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score comparing to baseline. There was a significant reduction in the scores of PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)and subscales including negative symptom scores and CGI. Also weekly analysis showed that the reductions in scores were kept on for the whole period of the trial. 43.8% of all the patients had depressive symptoms at the baseline and total scores of MADRS(Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and HAM-A(Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety) were also reduced after the trials. Vital signs revealed no clinically significant changes but continuous weight gain was observed during the treatment with olanzapine. The scores of SAS(Simpson-Angus Scale) and AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) for assessing the EPS(extrapyramidal symptoms)and tardive dyskinesia respectively were significantly decreased and only a few patients reported EPS as adverse events. Although mild and clinically non-significant of ALT/SGPT was observed, most laboratory parameters including plasma prolactin level showed to significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : Although this trial had many limitations because it was a non-comparative and open study, olanzapine showed high efficacy on the positive, negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder.In addition to that, olanzapine showed a substantially favorable safety profile, such as low incidence of EPS and hyperprolactinemia.

장기간 항경련제를 복용한 간질환자의 골대사 변화에 대한 연구 : DR-XRA(Quantitative Dual-Energy Radiography ; X-Ray Absorptiometry)법에 의한 측정 Measurement by DR-XRA(Quantitative Dual-Energy Radiography ; X-Ray Absorptiometry)

이호택,장호균,이상연,정인과 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.1

This study examined, among others, the relationship between the use of anticonvulsant and the bone mineral metabolism(measured via DR-XRA and biochemical study) in 46 adult epileptic outpatients who had been on anticonvulsant for more than one year at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. The study findings wel as follows. 1) There was statistically significant difference between index group(i.e. 46 adult epileptic outpatients) and control group(i.e. 46 healthy adults without previous exposure to anticonvulsant) in terms of bone mineral density. Specifically, the bone mineral density in the epileptic outpatients was significantly lower than that in the healthy adults. Although there was no statistically significant difference between male and female outpatients, their bone mineral density tended to decrease with the increase of age. 2) The bone mineral density in the epileptic outpatients was negatively correlated to both ⅰ) the age when the outpatients started anticonvulsant treatment and ⅱ) the period for which the outpatients were on anticonvulsant. 3) Index group was further classified into three subgroups(i.e. low, normal and high subgroup) based on the mean and standard deviation of the bone mineral density in healthy adults control group. 24 outpatients(5.2%) out of 46 fell into low subgroup, of which 10 were male. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female outpatients in terms of their bone mineral density. 4) Low subgroup's average age(38.6 with SD of 12.5) was significantly higher than those of the other two subgroups. Low subgroup started anticonvulsant treated when their average age was 24.8(SD 15.0) years, which was higher than those of the other two subgroups. Low subgroup was on anticonvulsant, on average, for 13.3(SD 7.6) years, which was also higher than those of the other two subgroups although there was no significant difference among the subgroups. 5) A series of comparison regarding the possible impact of various types of anticonvulsant(e.g. PHT, CBZ PB, SV) in terms of ⅰ) overall dosage and ⅱ) daily average dosage on bone mineral density showed no significant difference across the three subgroups. 6) There was no significant difference in terms of bone mineral density between the epileptic outpatients on only one type of anticonvulsant and those on two or more types of anticonvulsant. 7) A biochemical study showed that ⅰ) each subgroup fell into normal range in terms of blood serum Ca, P, and ALP with no significant difference among the subgroups, and ⅱ) in low subgroup, there were 6 outpatients(25%) with Ca decrease, 2(9.5%) with P decrease, and 5(20.8%) with ALP increase.

SU(2/2)초 대수를 쓴 D=5, N=2 초 중력 이론

김창호, 김기용, 이원식, 김영덕, 박영재 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 1987 自然科學硏究 Vol.1 No.1

-본문참고-

QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF PERMEABILITY IN THE ADHESIVE INTERFACE OF FOUR ADHESIVE SYSTEMS

장주혜,이기욱,김혜영,이인복,조병훈,손호현 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

본 연구는 현재 시판 되고 있는 여러 개의 상아질 접착제를 임상 술식에서와 같은 방법으로 사용한 다음 열순환 후 접착계면의 변화를 관찰 비교하고자 했다. 발거 한 지 한 달 이내인 대구치 28개의 교합 면 상아질 표면에 4종의 상아질 접착제 (OptiBond FL [OP], AdheSE [AD], Clearfil SE Bond [CL], Xeno Ⅲ [KE] 중 하나를 적용한 뒤 복합 레진 (Premisa, Kerr)을 1mm두께로 올린 후 광중합 하였다. 4℃ 증류수에서 6일간 보관한 뒤 치아의 정중선으로부터 수직으로 절단하여 그 중 절반의 치아에서 2mm 두께의 시편을 얻은 다음 남은 반쪽의 치아는 10.000회의 열순환을 가한 뒤 (5˚-55˚, 침지 시간 25초 대기 시간 5초) 같은 방법으로 2 mm 두께의 시편을 얻었다. 연마한 시편을 24시간 동안 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate solution에 담근 다응 photo-developing solution에서 8시간 동안 환원시켰다. 계면을 가로지르는 5개의 line 상에서 wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) detector를 이용하여 주사선상에 있는 원소들의 중량비를 계산하였다 또한 열순환 전과 후의 시편에서 얻어진 5개의 silver 측정치를 서로 비교하였다. 열순환 전의 접착제층(adhesive layer)에서는 OP에서 가장 적은 silver의 투과가 관찰되었으며 (P<0.0001), CL. AD, XE 순으로 투과 량이 중가함을 보였다. 혼성층 (Hybrid layer) 에서는 CL의 투과량이 가장 적었다 (p=0.0039) 열순환 후에 접착제층과 혼성층에서 silver의 투과량은 증가하지는 않았다. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) 사진을 통하여 각 시편의 접착 계면에서 접착제에 따른 특이적인 silver의 투과상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 전반적으로 OP와 CL의 접착계면이 열순환 과정 중에도 온전히 유지됨을 볼 수 있었다. 접착 계면에서의 수분 투과 양상은 각 접착제예 따라 다른 형태를 보였으며 열 순환에 의해 유의할 만한 변화를 야기하지는 않았다. The purpose of this study was to perform quantitative comparisons of water permeable zones in both the adhesive and the hybrid layer before and after thermocycling in order to assess the integrity of the bonding interface. Twenty eight flat dentin surfaces were bonded with a light-cured composite resin using one of four commercial adhesives [OptiBond FL (OP), AdheSE (AD), Clearfil SE Bond (CL), and Xeno Ⅲ (XE)]. These were sectioned into halves and subsequently cut to yield 2-mm thick specimens: one specimen for control and the other subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles. After specimens were immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 h and exposed to a photo developing solution for 8 h. the bonded interface was analyzed by scanning election microscopy (SEM) and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) at five locations per specimen Immediately after bonding thc adhesive layer of OP showed the lowest silver uptake followed by CL, AD, and XE in ascending order (p< 0.0001) the hybrid layer of CL had the lowest silver content among the groups (p=0.0039) After thermocycling none of the adhesives manifested a significant increase of silver in either the adhesive or the hybrid layer. SEM demonstrated the characteristic silver penetrated patterns within the interface. It was observed that integrity of bonding was well maintained in OP and CL throughout the thermocycling process. Adhesive-tooth interfaces are vulnrable to hydrolytic degradation and its permeability varies in different adhesive systems, which may be clinically related to the restoration longevity.

삼성 타워팰리스 구조시스템 평가

이원호,현창국,강정호,노재천,조중현,송한범 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the housing mobility behavior according to the income change and to predict the probability of upward and downward movements. A binary logit model was used with the data which were obtained by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements in 1989. The sample size was 1620 households in Seoul. The results of this study were as follows; the upward movement probability in rental housing or in single housing was higher than that in owned housing or in apartment housing as household income increased.

공기재생용 고온건식탈황제의 가압유동층 반응기에서의 사이클 성능실험

조성호,이봉희,이중범,류청걸,진경태,이창근 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.2

고온고압 기포유동층 반응기에서 분무건조기로 성형제조한 아연계 탈황제(ZAC C)에 대하여 총 6회 황화-재생 반복실험을 500℃, 5atm 조건에서 수행하였다. 1% H_2S를 포함한 석탄모사가스를 반응기에 주입하여 황화반응을 시킨 결과 배출가스 중 H_2S 농도는 10ppmv 이하로 유지되었다. ZAC C의 황흡수력은 6회 황화반응 동안 각각 11.1, 10.9, 11.1, 11.1, 10.9, 10.5g S/100g sorbent으로 유지되어 초기 황흡수력을 유지하였다. 공기를 이용한 500℃ 재생반응에서 배출되는 SO_2의 최대농도는 양론적으로 이론값과 일치하였다. 재생반응에서 탈황제 층의 온도는 발열반응에 의해 500℃에서 최대 750℃까지 상승하였다. 연속 70시간 동안 유동층 반응기내에서 실시된 ZAC C 탈황제의 비산되어 유출된 양은 1.07%이고, 실험 후 탈황제의 크기와 조직특성의 변화도 적었다. 고온고압반응기 multi-cyclone 실험결과 ZAC C 탈황제는 이론 황흡수력의 50% 이상을 유지하였고, 공기를 사용한 500℃의 재생반응이 원활하고 완전히 이루어졌고, 황산염생성과 같은 부반응이 없었다. Two desulfurization-regeneration experiments for a spray-dried zinc-based sorbent(ZAC C) were performed at 500℃ and 5 atm in a fluidized-bed reactor(ID 0.097㎜) facility. The H_S concentration after each desulfurization run was maintained below 10 ppmv from a simulated coal gas of 1% H_2S. The estimated sulfur absorption capacities of ZAC C sorbent were 11.1, 10.9, 11.1, 11.1, 10.9, 10.5 g S/100g sorbent, and the sorption capacity of sorbent was maintained in spite of six times sorption experiments. The maximum SO_2 concentration in regeneration effluent gas agreed with a stoichiometric value of 500℃(ca. 14vol%). In regeneration run, the peak temperature of sorbent bed in the reactor reached up to 750 due to the vigorous exothermicity of regeneration reaction with neat air. While entrainment rate for 70h continuous run in fluidized-bed reactor is 1.07%, the size and the textural properties of ZAC C sorbent also show a little change. Multi-cycle tests in fluidized-bed show that ZAC C sorbent maintains over 50% of its theoretical sorption capacity during 70h run and regeneration reaction undergoes smoothly and completely without side reactions such as sulfate formation.

SCM420 기어의 表面處理 效果에 關한 硏究

姜昌鎬,李鎭伊,柳晟基,朴俊哲 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This study deals with effects of surface treatment on the bending fatigue strength of SCM420 spur gears. We manufactured gears using manufacture processes that are currently used in most gears manufacturing companies, we applied heat-treatment, and then we applied shot peening. In addition, we investigated the effect these surface-treatments had on hardened layer and compression residual stress in the risk section of the teeth. The fatigue test at a constant stress amplitude is performed by using an electrohydraulic serve-controlled pulsating tester. The S-N curves are obtained and illustrated. We investigated the effect of surface-treatment on fatigue strength and the position of crack of gear teeth.

고온건식탈황 유동층 반응기에서 아연계 탈황제의 재생반응에 미치는 산소농도의 영향

조성호,이봉희,진경태,이창근 한국화학공학회 2001 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.39 No.6

Zinc titanate 탈황제를 사용하여 내경 4.5㎝인 소형유동층 반응기에서 재생반응특성을 연구하였다. 산소농도를 5%에서 21%까지 변화시키면서 재생실험을 수행하였다. 산소의 농도변화에 따라 배출되는 SO_2의 최대농도는 양론적으로 이론치와 일치하였다. 발열반응으로 인한 재생반응기의 온도상승은 산소농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 2차 황화반응 초기에 SO_2가 발생되지 않는 것으로 보아 sulfate가 형성되지 않았다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 재생반응 후 시료의 물리-화학적 특성 분석결과 zinc titanate 탈황제는 부반응 및 물성변화가 없는 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 실험으로 분무 건조법으로 성형된 zinc titanate 탈황제는 유동층 반응기에서 산소농도 21%의 공기로 재생 가능성을 보여 주었다. The regeneration characteristics of spray-dried zinc titanate sorbent in a fluidized bed reactor were examined at temperatures of 650℃ and 700℃ with the regenerated gas of the oxygen concentrations from 5% to 21%. The outlet SO_2 peak concentrations were coincided with the theoretical values depending on inlet O_2 concentration. As the oxygen concentration was increased, the temperature rise in the regeneration reactor was increased due to the heat of exothermic reaction. During the initial stage of the second sulfidation reaction, SO_2 was not detected in the outlet gases. It was an indirect indication that zinc sulfate had not been formed during the first regeneration reaction. The various analysis results showed little differences in physical and chemical properties between fresh and regenerated sorbent.

핵간안근마비를 보인 중추신경계 크립토콕쿠스병 1례

이지영,김재일,김기선,강문철,이창민,양대웅,이근호,김상준 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

紅景天(Rhodiola sachlinensis)에서 항균성 물질의 분리 및 동정

심창주,이규희,정재홍,이상덕,김영호,오만진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

홍경천의 천연 보존료로서의이용성을 검토하기 위하여 각종 용매로 홍경천 추출물을 제조하고 극성에 따라 순차분획, silica-gel chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high perfomance liquid chromatography의 분리과정을 거쳐 순수 분리된 각 물질을 GC/MS(EI) spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum, ¹³C-NMR spectrum을 이용하여 항균물질을 동정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 홍경천에 대해 acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, water의 각 용매로 추출한 결과 항균성분의 추출 용매로는 methanol이 가장 우수하였다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol로 분획한 결과 ethyl acetate와 n-butyl alcohol 분획에서 우수한 항균력을 나타내었다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물은 그람양성 4균주와 그람음성 4균주에 대해 고체 배지의 경우 대체로 500 μg/mL에서 최소저해를 나타냈으며, 액체배지의 경우 100 μg/mL 내외에서 최소저해를 나타내었다.] Silica gel column chromatography에서 용매의 배율을 높여가며 용출한 결과 chloroform : methanol(8:2, v/v)의 비율에서 항균력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 분리된 항균성분을 silica-gel TLC plate에 용매의 비율을 높여가며 전개시켜 chloroform : methanol(9:1, v/v)에서 9개의 물질군을 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 중 항균력이 확인된 3개의 물질군을 HPLC와 NMR spectrum을 분석한 결과 gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin 및 kaempferol로 동정되었다. gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin 및 kaempferol의 항균물질 각각의 최소저해농도는 Staphylococcus aureus와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대해 gallic acid와 kaempferol 이 500 μg/mL, (-)-epicatechin이 100 μg/mL에서 저해를 나타내었다. The antimicrobial substances from Rhodiola sachalinensis were extracted, isolated and identified. The highest level of antimicrobial activity and its yield were obtained in methanol extract. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract were 500 μg/mL on agar plate and 100 μg/mL in broth media for four gram positive and four gram negative microbials. The methanol extract was fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol, orderly. The separate was developed on the TLC plate with different solvent system ratio of chloroform and methanol. Nine substances were isolated from chloroform and methanol mixture(9:1, v/v). Among them, three isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Three substances separated by HPLC were identified by GC/MS(EI) spectrum and ^(1)H, ^(13)C-NMR spcetrum. They were gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activites of each substances were shown gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol, orderly.