農民技術受容에 影響을 주는 要因의 比較分析 : 關係機關과 情報傳達媒體를 中心으로

鄭址雄,崔敏浩,金性洙,徐圭善,李昶植 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variables affecting farmers' adoption process of agricultural innovations in Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to ; (1) review the adoption process and the variables associated with this process, (2) investigate the rate of adoption of selected agricultural innovations in the fields of rice production, animal husbandary and horticulture, (3) analyze communication media and change agencies or institutions which affected the adoption of agricultural innovations, and (4) identify the relations of the farmers' adoption and communication exposure behavior. Data for the study were collected from 393 cluster sampled farmers out of selected 17 rural villages in Korea. Five graduate students and three faculty members of Seoul National University participated in conducting interview with pre-tested questionnairs. The data were analyzed by HP 3,000 computer in the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University. Major statistical techniques used for the study were frequency distribution, chi-square and discriminant analysis. Statistical significance was tested at .05 level. The major findings of the study were as follows : 1. Variables associated with the agricultural adoption process were classified into the following six categories ; (1) perceived characteristics of agricultural innovations, (2) personality and characteristics of adopters, (3) the patterns of communication media or channels, (4) efforts of change agents. (5) priorities in agricultural development policies, and (6) characteristics of social system. 2. Rats of adoption were about 83% in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, 41% in feeding calf starter known as artificial milk to calves, 56% vinyl mulching practices in vegetable cultivation, and 67% in spreading raw rice straw on paddy land to improve soil conditions. 3. Time lag between awareness and adoption appeared to be about seven months in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, and about a year in feeding calf starter. 4. Change agent interpersonal communication revealed to be the most important factor affecting farmers' awareness in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, in feeding calf starter, and in spreading raw rice straw on paddy land, while localite interpersonal communication in vinyl mulching practices in vegetable cultivation. 5. Change agent interpersonal communication appeared to be the most important factor affecting farmers' adoption in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed and in feeding calf-starter, Localite interpersonal communications were more important in vinyl mulching practices of vegetable cultivation and in spreading raw rice straw. Localite interpersonal communications were more important factor at adoption stage than at awarenss stage. 6. Agricultural extension agencies appeared to be the most important factor affecting farmers' adoption in application of silicate fertilizers on rice seed bed, in feeding calf starter, and in vinyl mulching practices. Based on the results of this study, the following are recommended for further development of agricultural extension services and effective adoption process of agricultural innovation. 1. The variables associated with the agricultural innovation decision process should be taken into consideration to improve effectiveness of change agencies or agricultural extension services. 2. Effective use of communication media along with the feedback messages from the change agency as well as client system be considered to increase effectiveness and meaningfulness of both systems. 3. Innovative agricultural research be continually sharpen its focus on the highest priority needs of client system by utilizing feedback from farmers through the communication link of change agents. 4. A long-term educational approach by using various communication media be emphasized, and regular field survey on innovation-decision process will prevent discontinuance of innovations.

후방 관절 연골의 Estrogen 수용체의 발현이 퇴행성 변화와 전위에 미치는 영향

하기용,장정호 대한척추외과학회 1999 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.6 No.1

연구계획 : 퇴행성 척추 전위증의 발생 빈도는 남성보다 여성에서 3배~10배 정도로 흔히 발견되어 여성 호르몬과 퇴행성 척추 전방 전위증의 상관관계를 관찰하였다. 연구목적 : 후방 관절에서의 estrogen 수용체의 발현 차이가 관절 연골의 퇴행성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 후방 관절의 전위에 따른 estrogen 수용체의 발현과 후방 관절의 퇴행성 변화가 차이가 있는지를 밝히고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 제 4, 5요추의 퇴행성 병변으로 수술 받은 환자중 술 전 요추부 전산화 단층 촬영의 축성 상에서 병변의 후방 관절면이 4 0도 이하의 시상각을 갖는 3 2례의 폐경기 여성을 대상으로 하였다. 단층 촬영에서 제 4요추의 하 돌기 관절 면이 제 5요추의 상 돌기 관절 면보다 2㎜이상 전방 전위된 1 5례를 전위군, 전위가 없거나 2㎜이하의 전위된 1 7례를 대조군으로 하였다. 수술시 채취한 후방 관절연골의 estrogen receptor의 발현을 면역조직화학 염색법으로 관찰하고 연골 조직의 퇴행성 변화를 hematoxylin-eosin 조직 염색법과 alcian blue 조직 화학 염색법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. estrogen receptor의 발현과 퇴행성 변화사이의 관계는 Pearson correlation test를 이용하여 상관 관계를 평가하였고 대조군과 전위군에 따른 estrogen receptor의 발현과 퇴행성 변화의 차이는 Mann-Whitney U test로 통계학적 유의성을 평가하였다. 결 과 : 후방 관절의 estrogen receptor의 발현의 양이 많을수록 퇴행성 변화가 심하였고 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.78, p<0.05). estrogen receptor의 발현은 전위군에서 9.1±0.4SEM 대조군에서는 5.0±0.6SEM이었고, 후방 관절 연골의 조직-조직화학적 퇴행성 변화는 전위군에서 12.4±0.6SEM, 대조군에서는 8.0±0.3SEM으로 측정되어 전위군에서 대조군보다 estrogen receptor의 발현이 더 많고 퇴행성 변화도 심하였으며 이러한 차이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다( p<0.05). 결론 : 본 연구의 관찰로 폐경후 여성에서 요추의 후방 관절이 시상면에 위치한 경우 관절 연골내에 estrogen 수용체의 발현이 증가되면 관절 연골의 퇴행성변화가 악화되어 후방 관절의 전위가 초래될 수 있음을 관찰하였다. Study Design : Thirty-two postmenopausal female patients, with the facet angle less than 40 degrees, were selected for this study. All patients underwent spinal surgery. Displacement group, diagnosed by the displacement of facet joint above 2㎜was noted in 15 patients. Control group had 17 patients and was defined when the displacement of facet joint was less than 2㎜. Objectives : Our study evaluated the expression of estrogen receptor and degenerative change depending on the displacement of facet joints. Summary of Literature Review : Despite the fact that degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in female than in male, a few attempts have been made to evaluate estrogen as one of the predisposing factors for displacement of facet joint. Materials and Methods : After harvesting the articular cartilage of facet joint, the expression of estrogen receptors was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining, and the degenerative change of the articular cartilage with hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue staining. Results : All facets showed a positive correlation between the estrogen receptor scores and histological-histochemical scores(r=0.78, P<0.05). The average score of the estrogen receptors was 9.1±0.4SEM in displacement group, and 5.0±0.6SEM in control group(p<0.05). The histological-histochemical grading of cartilage lesion was 12.4±0.6SEM in displacement group, 8.0±0.3SEM in control group(p<0.05). Conclusions : This study suggest that a high expression of estrogen receptors, which affected the severity of degenerative changes in facet articular cartilage, might be one of the predisposing factors for the displacement of facet joint.

Effect of epidural corticosteroid injection on magnetic resonance imaging findings

( Min Soo Kim ),( Tae Yoon Jeong ),( Yu Seon Cheong ),( Young Wook Jeon ),( So Young Lim ),( Seong Sik Kang ),( In Nam Kim ),( Tsong Bin Chang ),( Hyun Ho Seong ),( Byeong Mun Hwang ) 대한통증학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.30 No.4

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine is the preferred diagnostic tool for pathologic conditions affecting the spine. However, in patients receiving epidural corticosteroid injection (ESI) for treatment of spinal diseases, there is a possibility of misreading of MR images because of air or fluid in the epidural space after the injection. Therefore, we defined the characteristics of abnormal changes in MRI findings following an ESI in patients with low back pain. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 133 patients who underwent MRI of the lumbar spine within 7 days after ESI between 2006 and 2015.All patients were administered an ESI using a 22-gauge Tuohy needle at the lumbar spine through the interlaminar approach. The epidural space was identified by the loss of resistance technique with air. Results: The incidences of abnormal changes in MRI findings because of ESI were 54%, 31%, and 25% in patients who underwent MRI at approximately 24 h, and 2 and 3 days after ESI, respectively. Abnormal MRI findings included epidural air or fluid, needle tracks, and soft tissue changes. Epidural air, the most frequent abnormal finding (82%), was observed in 41% of patients who underwent MRI within 3 days after injection. Abnormal findings due to an ESI were not observed in MR images acquired 4 days after ESI or later. Conclusions: Pain physicians should consider the possibility of abnormal findings in MR images acquired after epidural injection using the interlaminar approach and the loss of resistance technique with air at the lumbar spine. (Korean J Pain 2017; 30: 281-6)

現行 高等學校 地理(Ⅰ) 自然單元의 內容分析

鄭璋鎬 세종대학교 1971 세종대학 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

염색슬러지 탄화물 재활용 및 자원화 순환망 구축 타당성에 관한 연구

임창호,김주청,이동석 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2009 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.B

The dyeing sludge is the major waste generated in Banwol & Sihwa Industrial Complex. The Purpose of this study is to develop BAT (Best available technique) for the treatment and recycling of dyeing sludge. The dyeing sludge was carbonized and the product was tested physical properties and chemical chracterizations and also analyzed chemical compositions. From the test results we expect that the products can be used as adsorbent for the removal of order in the poultry farm and cattle shed. The feasibility of other methods such as manufature of RDF and cement etc. were also studied.

진행 및 재발성 위암, 대장암 환자에 있어서 Lentinan^(�)의 효과에 대한 임상적 연구

나호청,이희만,박인근,장일성 최신의학사 1994 最新醫學 Vol.37 No.1

소아 야구 선수의 투구 중 발생한 상완골 골절과 치유 후 재발된 피로골절

옥인영,장정호,선두훈,이영호 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

A 11-year old male Little League pitcher sustained a displaced spiral fracture of the right midhumerus in midpitch. Physical examination revealed tenderness and swelling over the middle third of the arm. Roentgenograms showed displaced spiral fracture of the middle of the shaft of the right humerus. Deep ache prodrome symptoms occurred in the midhumerus at rest and during pitching for the preceeding two months and were aggravated for a week. A hanging cast was applied for stress fracture of humerus, Twelve weeks after injury, fracture of humerus was completely united and the patient was allowed to resume baseball training. Twenty weeks after first fracture, the patient was seen again after an episode of acute pain that had occurred while he was throwing a baseball. Roentgenogram revealed a periosteal reaction on the proximal to original fracture site. Under the diagnosis of recurrent stress fracture of humerus, the extremity was placed in a sling. 8 weeks after the second injury, the fracture completely united. In conclusion, after complete union of spiral fracture of humerus, the player should take the enough time for recovery of muscle strength before pitching exercise to prevent of recurrent stress fracture.

위장관 출혈을 일으킨 공장의 형활근종 1예

김병수,장성종,부귀범,조운택,박찬국,김만우,변주남,김정용,전호종 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.1

Small bowel leiomyoma is a rare tumor which may occur wherever smooth muscle is present. The small bowel is the most common site and it makes up 20~30% of all benign small intestinal neoplasms. A spectrum of symptoms are common ranging from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, to massive intestinal bleeding. Bleeding is the most common symptom and is usually gross and recurrent. Occasionally it may be life threatening. But, the most serious problem is both the absence of specific clinical symptoms, and the difficulties shown in radiological diagnostics of the small bowel. If conventional diagnostic methods fail to reveal any positive findings for gastrointestinal bleeding, the diagnosis of intestinal leiomyoma should be suspected and an SMA angiography shoud be performed. The angiographic criteria of small bowel leiomyoma is very characteristic. We present a case of leiomyoma with considerable and prolonged gastrointestinal bleeding, which was diagnosed by angiography. A 61-year old woman was admitted with a history of melena over the last 10 days. An SMA angiography showed a hypervascular mass with a diameter of 3×3cm. A segmental resection was performed under the impression of the gastrointestinal bleeding due to leiomyoma of the small bowel. Microscopic examination of the lesion shows interlacing or whorl bundles of spindle shaped ces and no mitosis.

ESPI를 이용한 복합재료 구조물의 결함 검출

김경석,정성균,강진식,장호섭 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.3

본 논문에서는 ESPI 시스템을 이용하여 복합재료 구조물의 인위, 자연 결함을 검출하였다. 복합재료 구조물에서의 ESPI의 적용성을 알아보기 위해 복합재료 적층판 시험편, 하니컴 구조물 시험편, 접착조인트 시험편을 사용하였다. 결함을 검출하기 위해 시편의 표면변형을 쉽게 발생시킬 수 있는 열하중법을 선택하였다. 실험경과는 ESPI를 이용하여 복합재료 구조물의 결함을 쉽게 검출할 수 있고, 다른 여러 복합재료 구조물의 결함의 검출에도 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. In this paper, artificial and real defects(delamination and debond) in composite structures were detected by using ESPI system. There types of specimens, that is, composite laminates, honeycomb structures, and adhesive joints, were used to study the applicability of ESPI to composite structures. To detect defects in specimens, we selected thermal loading method that can easily induce the surface deformation of specimen. Experimental results show that defects in composite structures could be easily detected by ESPI. Moreover, it shows that ESPI could be usefully applied to the detection of defects of defects in various composite structures.

천연 생약재 열수 및 알코올 추출물의 어병 세균에 대한 항균력

최혜승,김이청,이주석,조미라,서창호,박수일 한국어병학회 2004 한국어병학회지 Vol.17 No.1

감초 외 48종의 천연 생약제로부터 열수 및 알콜 추출액을 제작하여 19 균주 어병 세균을 대상으로 항균력을 조사한 결과, 알콜 추출액은 22종, 열수 추출액은 16종이 어병 세균에 대하여 항균력을 나타내며 이 중 13종의 생약재는 알콜 및 열수 추출액 모두 8㎜ 이상의 저지대를 나타내어 항균력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 열수 추출물에서 항균력을 나타내는 약재 중 그람 음성균에 감수성이 양호한 약재는 저지대 8 ㎜ 이상을 나타내는 애엽, 개옻나무, 연교, 지유, 파엽, 대황 및 황금이었으며, 그람 양성균에 항균력이 양호한 약재는 삼지구엽초, 육계 및 보골지 등 이었다. 그리고 오매, 황련, 계혈등, 상백피, 오배자 및 오미자는 저지대가 8㎜ 이상으로 그람 음성,양성균 모두에 항균력이 있었다. 알콜 추출물중에서 그람 음성균에 항균력을 나타내는 것은 백작약, 오매, 선모 및 황금 등으로 저지대가 8㎜ 이상으로 측정되었으며, 그람 양성균에 항균력을 나타내는 것은 감초, 계혈등, 단삼, 상백피, 육계 및 보골지 등으로 저지대가 8㎜ 이상이었다. 또한 그람 음성, 양성균에 모두 8㎜ 이상의 저지대를 나타내는 것은 애엽, 개옻나무, 황련, 지유, 오배자 및 오미자 등이었다. 그러나 이 중에서 오배자 열수 추출물의 어병 세균에 대한 발육 저지대가 32㎜로 그람 음성, 양성균 모두에 가장 뛰어난 항균력을 나타내어 다른 생약재와 다른 광범위 생약재인 것으로 나타났다. 애엽, 황금, 지유, 오매, 황련 및 오배자 열수 ·알콜 추출물은 tetracycline에 내성을 나타내는 균주에 감수성을 나타내었다. Hundreds of medicinal herbs have been using for the purpose of diseases treatment and immune enhancement for human being and other animals including fishes. Among them, 49 species of medicinal herbs were selected and tested for antibacterial activities against 19 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria in different 4 species. The 49 medicinal herbs were extracted by water and ethyl alcohol. The extracts were freeze dried and some paper discs from the extracts were prepared for the evaluation of antibacterial activity. The tested pathogenic bacteria were 5 strains of Edwardsiellu tarda, 5 strains of Vibrio sp., 4 strains of Lactococcus gawieae, 1 strain of Lactococcus raffinose. 1 strain of Streptococcus parauberius, and 3 strains of Streptococcus iniue. The Galla rhois (Obaeja), Gaeonnamu and Hwangleyon showed antibacterial activities on both gram negative and gram positive fish pathogenic bacteria. The Youkgae, Sangbaekpi, Bogolji and Gamcho showed very effective antibacterial activities on gram positive pathogens while Jiyu, Aeyoeb and Yeonkyo showed very effective on gram negative pathogens.