치료저항 만성 정신분열증 환자에서 Clozapine과 Haloperidol의 치료효과에 대한 비교

이홍식,김찬형,이희상,남궁기,송동호,이영문,한은선 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.2

만성 정신분열증 환자에 있어 Clozapine 투여에 의한 비정형적 Prolactin반응

이홍식,김찬형,기선완 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.3

Objects : Typical antipsychotic drugs robustily increase prolactin both in rodents and in man. Unlike in rodents, Meltzer(1989) found that acutely administered clozapine did not increases serum prolactin levels in schizophrenia and his preliminary data suggested that prolactin levels might even be reduced during clozapine treatment. Methods : We investigated the serum prolactin levels in chronic schizophrenics, who were assigned to clozapine(N=28) or haloperidol(N=20) for eight weeks. Blood samples were obtained biweekly during the study period, and serum prolactin concentrations were measured by standard double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Results : The serum prolactin levels were not changed in the schizophrenic patients to whom clozapine had been administrated, otherwise marked increases in serum prolactin level were observed in the haloperidol treatment group. Conclusion : Our results suggest that clozapine differs from typical antipsychotics(e.g., haloperidol) in its failure to produce serum prolactin elevation in schizophrenic patients.

단백질공학에 의한 대두 GLYCININ의 고품질화에 관한 연구

김찬식 제주대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.39 No.-

글리시닌은 대두의 주요 저장단백질중의 하나로써 대두단백질의 기능성에 중요한 역활을 하고 있다. 대두 단백질의 기능성(가열에 의한 젤화성 또는 유화성), 영양가 등을 향상시키기 위해서 A?B? proglycinin subunit를 글리시닌의 구조와 기능과의 관계 그리고 여러종류의 콩과 및 비콩과 식물의 글리시닌 형태의 글로불린 아미노산배열을 비교함으로써 제안된, 유전적으로 variable domain에 기초를 두고 개량(modification)하였다. 각 variable domain에 상당하는 핵산 염기배열을 / A?B? proglycinin이 code하고 있는 cDNA를 삭제(deletion)하거나, 각 variable domain에 상당하는 cDNA영역에 4개 연속된 methionine을 code하고 있는 합성 DNA를 삽입하였다. 개량된 cDNAS의 발현 plasmid를 조제하고 대장균 JM105균주를 사용하여 발현시켰다. 개량된 단백질은 대장균 균체내에 대량으로 용해성 단백질 형태로 축적되었으며, 분자집합능력을 가지고 있다. 이것은 글리시닌 cDNA의 대장균 발현 시스템이 단백질공학적으로 설계한 대두단백질의 식품품질과 분자집합능력을 평가하는데 사용할수 있다는 것을 사사하고 있다. 개량된 단백질은 유안암모늄 침전, 이온교환크로마토그래피, 그리고 저온에서 침전하는 성질을 이용하여 정제하였다. 개량된 단백질의 기능특성을 native인 대두 글리시닌과 비교하였다. 개량 단백(A?B?V+4Met)은 대두 글리시닌보다 기능특성 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 것은 이론적으로 우수한 기능특성을 가진 대두 단백질을 창제할 수 있다는 기능성을 제시하고 있다. Glycinin is one of the predominant storage protein of soybean, plays important in the functional properties of soybean proteins. To improve its functional properties(heat-induced gelation and emulsification) and/or nutritional value, the A?B? proglycinin subunit was modified on the basis of genetically variable domains suggested from the comparison of amino acid sequences of glycinin type globulins from various legumes and nonlegumes and the relationships between the structure and the functional properties of glycinin. Thus, nucleotide sequences corresponding to each of the variable domains were deleted from the cDNA encoding the A?B? proglycinin, and a synthetic DNA encoding four continuous methionines was inserted into the cDNA region corresponding to the variable domains. Expression plasmids carrying the modified cDNAs were constructed and expressed in Escherichia col strain JM105. The modified proteins were accumulated as soluble proteins in the cells at a high-level and self-assembled. This indicated that the E.coli expression system of glycinin cDNA may be used for the evaluation of the self-assembly and the food qualities of protein-engineered soybean proteins. The modified proteins were purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatograpy, and cryoprecipitation. The functional properties(gelation and emulsification) of the modified proteins were compared with those of native glycinin. The modified protein(A?B?V+4Met), exhibited functional superior to those of the native glycinin from soybean, which estabilishes the possibility of creating theoretically designed novel glycinins with high food qualities.

감귤하우스 토양과 노지토양의 화학적 성질과 미생물상

김찬식,강순선,오명협,현해남 濟州大學校亞熱帶農業硏究所 1996 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.13 No.-

SummaryDistributions of actinomycetes, bacteria, and fungi were examined in citrus house and field soils sampled from volcanic ash soil area. pH, electrical conductivity, and exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg content in citrus house soil were higher than them in citrus field soil, however, total nitrogen content in citrus house soil is lower than that in citrus field soil.Number of total microorganisms in citrus house soil was about 3.1×105, which was 10 times lower than that in citrus field soil, and also that was remarkably lower than similar group of volcanic ash soil in cultivating and upland soil. Number of actinomycetes and bacteria in citrus house soil were similar to citrus field soil, however, that of fungi in citrus house soil was lower than that in citrus field soil.Electical conductivity and Bray No. 1 P in citrus field soil and pH and exchangeable Mg content in citrus house soil were positively correlated with distribution of actinomycetes in soils and Bray No. 1 P in citrus field soil and exchangeable Mg content in citrus house soil were negatively correlated with distribution of fungi in soils Keywords : volcanic ash citrus orchard soil, soil chemical property, actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi in soils

정신분열증 환자에서 주관적 음성증상경험의 임상적 의의

김지웅,김찬형,구민성,손석한,박진철,최문종,이은철,윤도준,이홍식 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 현재까지 정신분열증의 음성증상평가는 주로 객관적인 평가에만 의존해왔기 때문에, 환자들이 주관적으로 직접 경험하는 음성증상의 평가는 경시된 경향이 있었다. 그러나 실제 많은 정신분열증 환자들은 음성증상을 자가하고 있다. 특히, 개관적인 양성 및 음성증상이 관찰되지 않는 경우에도 환자 본인은 음성증상으로 괴로워한다는 이전의 연구보고들이 있었다. 따라서 저자들은 주관적인 음성증상경험과 개관적인 양성증상 및 음성 증상, 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상과의 상관성을 알아봄으로써 정신분열증의 정신병리에 있어 주관적 음성증상의 존재를 규명하고, 정신분열증 정신병리의 발생기전을 유추해보며 이차적 음성증상과의 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며. 이러한 연구가 정신분열증 정신병리를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐 아니라 환자를 공감적으로 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준의 정신분열증 진단기준에 해당하는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 주관적인 음성증상의 평가를 위해서 Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS)을 이용하였고, 개관적인 정신분열증 정신병리의 평가는 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PNASS)를 이용하였다. 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로증상의 평가를 위해서 각각 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS)을 이용하였다. 각 정신병리척도 점수간의 상관성은 Spearman 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결 과 : K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 양성척도점수 사이에는 유의한 상관점이 있었으며 (r=-0.40, p〈0.05), 양성증상 중에서도 특히 과대성(r=-0.46, p〈0.05), 의심/피해(r=-0.34, p〈0.05), 적개심(r=-0.52, p〈0.05) 등의 증상과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. K-SENS 24 항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 PANSS 전체점수(r=-0.25, p〉0.05), PANSS 음성척도점수(r=-0.20, p〉0.05), PANSS 일반정신병리척도(r=-0.08, p〉0.05),와는 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. K-SENS 24항목 중에서 환자가 이를 불편한 것으로 경험하고 있는 항목의 비율과 HAM-D 점수(r=-0.01, p〉0.05), HAM-A 점수(r=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS 총점(r=0.34, p〉0.05)은 각각 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과에서, 정신분열증 환자들이 불편한 것으로 경험하는 주관적 음성증상과 과대성, 의심/피해, 적개심 같은 양성증상은 역상관관계가 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 양성증상이 주관적으로 불편하게 느끼는 음성증상에 대한 가능성과, 혹은 양성증상이 심할 경우, 이에 압도되어 음성증상을 주관적으로 느끼지 못할 수 있다는 가능성이 시사되었으며, 향후 종적인 연구를 통해 이를 규명해 볼 필요성이 제시되었다. 주관적인 음성증상경험과 우울증상, 불안증상, 추세외로 증상과는 상관성이 없는 것으로 나타나서 이들 증상과는 독립적인 증상임을 시사한다. Objective : Since the evaluation of negative symptoms has depended on the clinician's objective observation, the patients subjective experience of negative symptoms has been neglected. However, in fact, a lot of patients are aware of their negative symptoms. There are several reported suggesting that patients suffer from the subjective experiences of their deficit symptoms, even though the objective positive and negative symptoms cannot be observed. Under these circumstances, we have attempted this study with the idea that it would be helpful in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Also it would help clarifying the relationship between subjective experience of negative symptoms and objectives positive and negative symptoms, depression anxiety symptoms, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : All the 37 patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅵ for schizophrenia. The subjective experiences of negative symptoms were evaluated using Scale for the Subjective Experience of Negative Symptoms : Korean version(KSENS), and for the depression, anxiety, extrapyramidal symptoms, we used Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale(ESRS). The correlation between each psychopathology was tested by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient. Results : There was a significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and the score of PANSS positive subscale(γ=-0.40, p〈0.05), Among the positive symptoms, grandiosity(γ=-0.46, p〈0.05), suspiciousnes/persecution(γ=-0.34, p〈0.05), and hostility(γ=-0.52, p〈0.05) showed a significant correlation with the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS. There was no significant correlation between the ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and PANSS total score(γ=-0.25, p〉0.05), or negative subscale score(γ=-0.20, p〉0.05), or general psychology subscale score(γ=-0.08, p〉0.05), respectively. There was no significant correlation between ratio of items experienced as uncomfortable symptoms among 24 items of K-SENS, and HAM-D(γ=-0.01, p〉0.05), or HAM-A(γ=-0.11, p〉0.05), ESRS(γ=0.34, p〉0.05), respectively. Conclusion : These revealed that the negative correlation between the subjective negative symptoms experienced as an uncomfortable ones and the objective symptoms such as grandiosity, suspiciousness/persecution, and hostility. From these results, the possibility that positive symptoms are used as a defense to hide from the negative symptoms because they are overwhelmed by their positive symptoms, is suggested. These results also suggest that subjective experiences of negative symptoms are independent from depression, anxiety and extrapyramidal symptoms.

강박장애와 세로토닌 수송체 유전자다형성과의 관련성

김세주,김찬형,조대연,이홍식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : The definite cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is still unknown, Evidences from familial, twin and segregation studies support the role of a genetic factor. There also are growing evidences indicating that OCD has specific neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis. Derived from the effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in OCD treatment, several candidate genes related to serotonin regulation have been hypothesized to play on important role in the development of OCD. One of them is the serotonin transporter gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serotonin transporter gene and OCD. Methods : 124 OCD patients and 119 normal controls participated in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from their blood. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism between OCD group and control group were compared.And we investigated the association between 4 factors derived from YBOCS checklists and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Results '. In this case-control study, we could not find any association between 5-HTRLPR polymorphism and development of OCD. In OCD group, patients with L (l/s+s/s) genotype had higher scores for the religious/somatic factor than those with S genotype. Conclusion : In this study, there was no difference in genotype distributions of 5-HTTLPR between OCD and control groups. But, L genotype of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had negative effects on some factors of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

감귤로부터 분리한 Sucrose Synthase 유전자 특성 분석

김인중,김찬식 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 2006 방사선응용과학연구소논문집 Vol.20 No.-

금귤 젤 및 금귤- 벌꿀절임의 製造와 그의 品質特性

고정삼,김찬식,고명수,양영택 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1992 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.9 No.-

제주산 금귤을 소재로 한 금귤 젤리화 식품과 금귤-벌꿀절임을 제조하고, 이들의 물성, 기호성, 저장성 등에 관한 특성을 검토하였다. 젤라틴 2.5%와 물엿을 사용한 젤리화 금귤은 硬度가 195g-force이며, 탄성은 114%로서 後食用 製品으로 알맞은 것으로 평가되었다. 금귤-벌꿀절임은 20% 이내의 벌꿀을 함유한 제품이 官能評價에 좋은 結果를 얻었다. 加熱處理하여 밀봉한 製品은 32℃˚에서 20일간 貯藏하였을 경우에도 전혀 微生物 검출이 되지 않았으나, 加熱處理하지 않은 製品의 경우 製造工程 등에서 오는 汚染으로 인하여 벌꿀함유량에 관계없이 일부 微生物 增殖이 일어나 저장 및 유통중에 變質이 우려된다. In order to utilize Kumquats, a Fortunella variety produced in Cheju island, sensory evaluation and texture parameter of Kumquats processed foods were invesigated. Hardness and springiness of Kumquats jelly made with addition of 2.5% gelatin and maltose syrup was 195 g-force and 114% respectively, and the commodity was suitable for a dessert food in sensory evaluation. Kumquats slice contained below 20% honey was also evaluated as good for a tea of dessert food. Honey-Kumquats slice with heat treatment was safe for microbial growth during storge for 20 days at 32℃, but molds, bacteria and yeasts contaminated during processing were grown on Kumquats-honey commodities without heat treatment.

정신분열병 환자의 기억장애

최태규,이홍식,김찬형 대한정신분열병학회 2003 정신분열병 클리닉 Vol.6 No.2

한국인에서 5-HT_(1Dβ) 유전자다형성과 성격 특성

김세주,김찬형,최낙경,홍현주,김성준,조대연,이홍식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : Recently, there has been a growing enthusiasm in biological approach to personality ; the identification of genes responsible for particular personality traits. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the 5-HT_(1Dβ) G861C polymorphism and personality traits. Methods : We recruited 218 normal subjects. The Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to assess personality traits. From blood samples taken from the subjects, DNA was isolated using standard techniques and the HT_(1Dβ) G861C polymorphism was genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction and Homogeneous MassEXTEND method. We classified the subject into the GG, CG, and GG groups according to their genotypes. The differences in the temperament factors of the TCI between homozygote group (GG+CC genotype) and heterozygote group (CG genotype) weretested. Results : The heterozygote group had significantly lower Harm avoidance (HA) scores and higher Self-directedness scores(SD) than the homozygote group. Conclusion : In conclusion, we found some associations between the 5-HT_(1Dβ) G861C polymorphism and the personality dimension HA and SD in a normal population.