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Growth Pathways in Ultralow Temperature Ge Nucleation from Au
Kim, B. J.,Wen, C.-Y.,Tersoff, J.,Reuter, M. C.,Stach, E. A.,Ross, F. M. American Chemical Society 2012 NANO LETTERS Vol.12 No.11
<P>Device integration on flexible or low-cost substrates has driven interest in the low-temperature growth of semiconductor nanostructures. Using in situ electron microscopy, we examine the Au-catalyzed growth of crystalline Ge at temperatures as low as 150 °C. For this materials system, the model for low temperature growth of nanowires, we find three distinct reaction pathways. The lowest temperature reactions are distinguished by the absence of any purely liquid state. From measurements of reaction rates and parameters such as supersaturation, we explain the sequence of pathways as arising from a kinetic competition between the imposed time scale for Ge addition and the inherent time scale for Ge nucleation. This enables an understanding of the conditions under which catalytic Ge growth can occur at very low temperatures, with implications for nanostructure formation on temperature-sensitive substrates.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2012/nalefd.2012.12.issue-11/nl303225a/production/images/medium/nl-2012-03225a_0006.gif'></P>
Tensile Properties of Additively Manufactured C-18150 Copper Alloys
Congyuan Zeng,Hao Wen,Benjamin C. Bernard,Huan Ding,Jonathan R. Raush,Paul R. Gradl,Michael Khonsari,Shengmin Guo 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1
The efect of aging processes on the tensile properties of C-18150 copper alloy samples, made by laser powder-bed-fusionadditive manufacturing (AM) process with three diferent fabrication orientations (horizontal, angled, and vertical to the builddirection), are investigated. For the as-fabricated C-18150 AM parts, horizontal and angled fabrication directions result inmarginally better tensile strengths and much improved strain-to-failure values than those of vertically built AM parts. Afterthe aging treatment, tensile strength can be signifcantly enhanced with a sacrifce of the strain-to-failure value. Moreover,the highest tensile strength is achieved by treating the as-fabricated samples at an aging temperature of 500 °C for 2 h. At800 °F (427 °C), both tensile strength and ductility are smaller than low temperature values (room temperature and 400 °F/204 °C). Phase constituents, microstructure, and composition distribution of the AM parts are characterized to gain insightinto the measured tensile properties.
Qiu-Yan Chen,Qing-Nan Tang,Lin-Quan Tang,Wen-Hui Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Li-Ting Liu,Chao-Feng Li,Yang Li,Yu-Jing Liang,Xue-Song Sun,Ling Guo,Hao-Yuan Mo,Rui Sun,Dong-Hua Luo,Yu-Ying Fan,Yan He,Ming-Yuan C 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.3
Purpose The measuring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important predictor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) comparing with EBV DNA in patients with NPC. Materials and Methods In an observational study of 419 non-metastatic NPC patients, we prospectively evaluated the prognostic effects of pretreatment SAA, CRP, and EBV DNA on survival. The primary endpoint was progress-free survival (PFS). Results The median level of SAA and CRP was 4.28 mg/L and 1.88 mg/L, respectively. For the high- SAA group (> 4.28 mg/L) versus the low-SAA ( 4.28 mg/L) group and the high-CRP group (> 1.88 mg/L) versus the low-CRP ( 1.88 mg/L) group, the 5-year PFS was 64.5% versus 73.1% (p=0.013) and 65.2% versus 73.3% (p=0.064), respectively. EBV DNA detection showed a superior predictive result, the 5-year PFS in the EBV DNA 1,500 copies/mL group was obviously different than the EBV DNA < 1,500 copies/mL group (62.2% versus 77.8%, p < 0.001). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis confirmed that in the PFS, the independent prognostic factors were including EBV DNA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.788; p=0.009), tumour stage (HR, 1.903; p=0.021), and node stage (HR, 1.498; p=0.049), but the SAA and CRP were not included in the independent prognostic factors. Conclusion The results of SAA and CRP had a certain relationship with the prognosis of NPC, and the prognosis of patients with high level of SAA and CRP were poor. However, the predictive ability of SAA and CRP was lower than that of EBV DNA.
THE TAOS PROJECT: RESULTS FROM SEVEN YEARS OF SURVEY DATA
Zhang, Z.-W.,Lehner, M. J.,Wang, J.-H.,Wen, C.-Y.,Wang, S.-Y.,King, S.-K.,Granados, Á,. P.,Alcock, C.,Axelrod, T.,Bianco, F. B.,Byun, Y.-I.,Chen, W. P.,Coehlo, N. K.,Cook, K. H.,de Pater, I.,Kim American Institute of Physics 2013 The Astronomical journal Vol.146 No.1
<P>The Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey (TAOS) aims to detect serendipitous occultations of stars by small (~1 km diameter) objects in the Kuiper Belt and beyond. Such events are very rare (<10<SUP>–3</SUP> events per star per year) and short in duration (~200 ms), so many stars must be monitored at a high readout cadence. TAOS monitors typically ~500 stars simultaneously at a 5 Hz readout cadence with four telescopes located at Lulin Observatory in central Taiwan. In this paper, we report the results of the search for small Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) in seven years of data. No occultation events were found, resulting in a 95% c.l. upper limit on the slope of the faint end of the KBO size distribution of q = 3.34-3.82, depending on the surface density at the break in the size distribution at a diameter of about 90 km.</P>
Vertical distributions of lateral forces on base isolated structures considering higher mode effects
Tsai, C.S.,Chen, Wen-Shin,Chen, Bo-Jen,Pong, Wen-Shen Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.23 No.5
Base isolation technology has been accepted as a feasible and attractive way in improving seismic resistance of structures. The seismic design of new seismically isolated structures is mainly governed by the Uniform Building Code (UBC-97) published by the International Conference of Building Officials. In the UBC code, the distribution formula of the inertial (or lateral) forces leads to an inverted triangular shape in the vertical direction. It has been found to be too conservative for most isolated structures through experimental, computational and real earthquake examinations. In this paper, four simple and reasonable design formulae, based on the first mode of the base-isolated structures, for the lateral force distribution on isolated structures have been validated by a multiple-bay three-story base-isolated steel structure tested on the shaking table. Moreover, to obtain more accurate results for base-isolated structures in which higher mode contributions are more likely expected during earthquakes, another four inertial force distribution formulae are also proposed to include higher mode effects. Besides the experimental verification through shaking table tests, the vertical distributions of peak accelerations computed by the proposed design formulae are in good agreement with the recorded floor accelerations of the USC University Hospital during the Northridge earthquake.
SOLID STATE TEACTIONS IN THE $Co/Si_{1-X}Ge_X$ SYSTEM
Lin, Wen-Tai,Chen, Guo-Ju,Chang, C.Y. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.2 No.e2
Thermal reactions of Co/S$i_{0.76}$ G$e_{0.24}$ and Co/S$i_{0.54}$ G$e_{0.46}$ systems are studied. Gr segreation appeared at temperatures above 20$0^{\circ}C$ even no cobalt silicides and/or cobalt germanosilicides were formed. At a temperature of 250-50$0^{\circ}C$ Co(S$i_{1-y}$ G$e_y$) was formed, in which the Ge concentation was deficient and inhomogeneous. Ge played a crucial role in retarding the interfacial reactions between Co and S$i_{1-x}$G$e_x$ layer. At temperatures above 45$0^{\circ}C$ the island structure was formed and the Ge concentration was enriched in the surface of the exposed S$i_{1-x}$ G$e_x$ layer. At temperatures above 53$0^{\circ}C$ nearly Ge-free CoS$i_2$was formed. An interposing Si layer between Co and the S$i_{1-x}$G$e_x$ layer can alleviate the strain relaxation of the S$i_{1-x}$G$e_x$ layer during annealing.
EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON COEFFINIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION OF SQUEEZE CAST SiCw/AL COMPOSITE
Geng, L.,Wen, B.X.,Yao, C.K. 한국재료학회 1995 Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Mater Vol.1 No.2
The SiCw/6061Al Composite was fabricated by using ${\beta}-SiC$ whisker as the reinforcement and the commercial 6061 aluminum alloy as the matrix. Squeeze casting technique was for fabricating the composite with the whisker volume fraction of 31%. The SiCw/6061Al compsites were divided into three groups : the first is in as cast state ; the second is in T6 state ; and the third is in deep cooled state. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the 6061Al and SiCw/6061Al composites in different states were measured at temperatures rom $100^{\circ}C$ to $500^{\circ}C$. The experimental results showed that the coefficient of thermal expansion of both 6061Al and SiCw/6061Al composites increases with increasing temperature. In the lower temperature range, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the SiCw/6061Al composite is obviously lower than that of the 6061Al. but because of the higher rate of the increment of CTE of the composite, the value of CTE of the composite, the value CTE of the compostie becomes almost equal to that of the 6061Al after the temperature is higher than $400^{\circ}C$. The results also indicated that, at th lower temperature range, the CTE of the T6 state composite is lower than that of the as-cast composite, and the deep cooled composite showed the lowes CTE.
Liu, Chieh-Wen,Liu, Chieh-I,Liang, C-T,Kim, Gil-Ho,Huang, C F,Hang, D R,Chang, Y H,Ritchie, D A Institute of Physics 2017 Semiconductor science and technology Vol.32 No.8
<P>Temperature-driven flow lines are studied in the conductivity plane in a GaAs-based two-dimensional electron system containing self-assembled InAs dots when Landau level filling factor <I>ν</I> = 2-4. In the insulator-quantum Hall (I-QH) transition resulting from the floating-up of the extended states, the flow diagram shows the critical behavior and we observed the expected semicircle in the strongest disorder case. By decreasing the effective disorder, we find that such flow lines can leave the I-QH regime and correspond to the plateau–plateau transition between <I>ν</I> = 4 and 2. The evolution of the conductivity curve at low magnetic fields demonstrates the importance of Landau-level mixing to the semicircle when the extended states float up.</P>