Dietary encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis and Agave fructans improve growth performance, health parameters, and immune response in broiler chickens

Hernández-Granados María José,Ortiz-Basurto Rosa Isela,Jiménez-Fernández Maribel,García-Munguía Carlos Alberto,Franco-Robles Elena 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.4

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives.Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans.Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group.Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis, Agave fructans, and symbiotic of both encapsulated on growth performance, feed efficiency, blood parameters, and immune status in broiler chickens, and to compare these with diets including antibiotic growth promoters and without additives. Methods: A comparative experimental study was carried out with 135 male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each trial was divided into 5 equal groups. Control group (CON) received a standard diet without growth promoter; GPA, a standard diet with colistin sulfate and zinc bacitracin (0.25 g/kg of feed); PRE, a standard diet with 1% Agave fructans; PRO, a standard diet with Bifidobacterium animalis (11.14±0.70 log CFU/g); SYM, a standard diet with B. animalis and Agave fructans. Results: A significant decrease in food consumption was found for the GPA, PRE, and SYM, compared to the CON group. The results show a better feed conversion index in PRE and GPA with respect to the CON group with the highest conversion index. Interestingly, the weight of the gastrointestinal tract shows a statistically significant difference between GPA and PRE groups. Moreover, the length of the gastrointestinal tract of the GPA group was less than the PRE group. In the total leukocyte count, there was a statistically significant increase in the GPA group compared to the CON, PRE, and PRO groups, and the heterophiles-lymphocytes index was lower in PRO. Regarding the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) decreased in PRO compared to CON and PRE, while IL-1β increased in the SYM group. Conclusion: Alternative treatments were shown to achieve similar productive results as growth-promoting antibiotics and showed improvement over diet without additives; however, they have immunomodulatory properties and improved the development of the gastrointestinal tract compared to the treatment of growth-promoting antibiotics.

A study on the ball-milling effect of calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite on the CO2 adsorption behavior

F. Granados-Correa,J.L. Iturbe-García,J. Bonifacio-Martínez 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.6

We have investigated the effect of ball-milling over calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite, with regard to its CO2 adsorption capacity. The prepared materials were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 physisorption measurements. The results reveal an excellent adsorption capacity of CO2 by calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite; however, when this adsorbent was treated by ball-milling for 2 h, a slight decrease in its CO2 adsorption capacity was observed, mainly attributable to the decreased surface area, total pore volume, pore size and the formation of particle aggregates of the aforementioned hydrotalcite. Therefore, alterations in structure, texture and morphology of calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcite during the ball-milling treatment do not optimize its CO2 adsorption capacity.

Ramberg–Osgood Stress–Strain Analysis of the Effects of Aging Treatment and Welding on IN600 with a Three-Stage Strain Hardening Behavior

Heriberto Granados‑Becerra,Víctor H. López‑Morelos,Alberto Ruiz,Rafael García‑Hernández,Francisco F. Curiel‑López,Martin R. Barajas‑Alvarez 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

The Ramberg–Osgood equation was applied to model the stress–strain behavior of heat-treated and welded specimens ofInconel 600 up to 0.2 and 0.175 mm/mm of strain, respectively. As-received and aged plates of Inconel 600 were gas metalarc welded to simulate repair of a component in operation. Dog bone shape specimens were tensile tested at a cross headspeed of 0.005 s−1 and the deformation was measured with an extensometer with a gage length of 20 mm. Microstructuralobservations were made in the optical and scanning electron microscope. Fitting the experimental data in the plastic regionof stress–strain curves to a novel three slopes Ramberg–Osgood model enabled estimation of the hardening coefficient, n. The value of n varied from 0.07 to 0.3 depending on the metallurgical condition of the specimen. A notorious increase wasobserved in the value of n for samples heat-treated beyond 25 h and in as-welded samples. The results of this work showeda very good correlation between the model and the experimental curves.

The effect of the calcination temperature of boehmite on its Co(II) adsorption properties

F. Granados-Correa,J. Jiménez-Becerril 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2012 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.13 No.2

The effect of the calcination temperature treatment of boehmite over its adsorption ability of Co(II) is presented. The materials obtained were characterized through their crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, surface hydroxyl group content, and Co(II) adsorption at room temperature. It was found that a maximum cobalt adsorption capacity of 1.6634× 10−3 meq Co2+.g-1 in boehmite calcined at 673 K, which showed the highest values of specific surface area and surface hydroxyl group content compared with the other boehmite samples. The specific surface area of boehmite samples became narrow when the calcination temperature was increased, and the cobalt ion adsorption onto boehmite depends on the specific surface area, but it depends mainly on the transition state of alumina because hydroxyl groups are regenerated on the surface of boehmite when the material is suspended in water; therefore, the calcined boehmite is suitable for cobalt adsorption.

Influence of laser peening on fatigue crack initiation of notched aluminum plates

Vignaud Granados-Alejo,Carlos Rubio-Gonzalez,Yazmin Parra-Torres,J. Antonio Banderas,Gilberto Gómez-Rosas 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.62 No.6

Notches such as slots are typical geometric features on mechanical components that promote fatigue crack initiation. Unlike for components with open hole type notches, there are no conventional treatments to enhance fatigue behavior of components with slots. In this work we evaluate the viability of applying laser shock peening (LSP) to extend the fatigue life of 6061-T6 aluminum components with slots. The feasibility of using LSP is evaluated not only on damage free notched specimens, but also on samples with previous fatigue damage. For the LSP treatment a convergent lens was used to deliver 0.85 J and 6 ns laser pulses 1.5 mm in diameter by a Q-switch Nd: YAG laser, operating at 10 Hz with 1064 nm of wavelength. Residual stress distribution was assessed by the hole drilling method. A fatigue analysis of the notched specimens was conducted using the commercial code FE-Safe and different multiaxial fatigue criteria to predict fatigue lives of samples with and without LSP. The residual stress field produced by the LSP process was estimated by a finite element simulation of the process. A good comparison of the predicted and experimental fatigue lives was observed. The beneficial effect of LSP in extending fatigue life of notched components with and without previous damage is demonstrated.

회칙 ｢인간 생명｣에 나타난 사랑의 일치와 생명에 대한 개방성

호세 그라나도스(Granados José,) 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2018 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.8 No.2

I want to argue in this paper that there is an inseparable connection between conjugal love and openness of the conjugal act to the transmission of life, and that this connection is based on two other links: the unity between the person and his or her own body, and the unity between husband and wife, parents and children. From this thesis it follows that, were this connection between openness to life and conjugal love to be broken, then we would witness a fracture of the union between the person and his body and of the union between the different members of the family. Moreover, I want to show that all these different layers of unity are inseparably connected with the union between the human person and the Creator. Let me start with an example of the fragmentation of sexuality we are experiencing today as a consequence of the sexual revolution. The example is taken from the well-known novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being by the Czech writer Milan Kundera. The two main characters, Thomas and Teresa, represent, so to speak, a “light” and a “heavy” way of understanding love and sexuality. Whereas Tomas is a compulsive womanizer (representing the “lightness” of sexuality), Teresa aspires to a unique and stable love with Tomas, a love whose symbol is the heavy suitcase with which she moves into Tomas’ home. Interestingly, the impossibility of love between Tomas and Teresa is connected with a way of living out one’s own body. And so, we are told how “Teresa stood bewitched before the mirror, staring at her body as if it were alien to her, alien and yet assigned to her and no one else. She felt disgusted by it. It lacked the power to become the only body in Tomas’ life. It had disappointed and deceived her”.1) Teresa finds then consolation in the thought that her soul would be able to unite her in a unique way with her husband, even though her body, unable to compete with the body of hundreds of women, is doomed to abandon the realm of love. What we have is, then, that the body is unable to be a space of encounter and relationship. This is so for Tomas, inasmuch as the body is tied to “light” experiences of sexual encounters, that continuously repeat themselves. For Teresa, on the other hand, the body is unable to mediate a unique encounter with Tomas. At this point we can see why Kundera draws a parallel with Ana Karenina, Tolstoy s great novel, in order to emphasize the ongoing narrowness in which the spouses find themselves. Now, while in Ana Karenina lovers are isolated because society excludes them, here it seems that it is their own bodies that exclude the possibility of a real union. In sum, the novel serves as an illustration that the new way of living sex that exploded in the 1960s has fostered an increasing sensation of narrowness. The sexual body, which promised infinite possibilities of liberation, is in fact unable to create relationships that open the subject beyond themselves. This example helps us approach the teaching of Humanae Vitae, fifty years after its publication. Today we can say that the novelty of the encyclical consisted in approaching the question of sexuality from the viewpoint of the meanings of the body, insofar as these meanings mediate relationships that open up the subject beyond themselves, such as the unity of the spouses and the unity between parents and children (cf. Humanae Vitae [=HV] 12). In the following I want to develop the relationship between Humanae Vitae and the language of the body. First, I will confirm the importance of this issue in our current situation (1). I will then analyze how the sexual body speaks a language of relationships that is essential for the very integrity of the person (2). Next, I will show how this language can only be fully understood and lived out insofar as it points to the ultimate foundation of the human being in the Creator (3). Finally, I will focus on how this way of living the body is disfigured by the use of contraception, and 본고는 부부사랑과, 생명전달에 대한 부부행위의 개방성이 서로 불가분으로 결합되어(inseparable connection) 있으며, 이 결합은 또 다른 두 가지 결합에 기초함을 논할 것이다. 그 두 가지란 ① 인격과 몸의 일치, ② 남편-아내, 부모-자녀의 일치이다. 이러한 논지로부터 다음이 따라온다. 만일 부부사랑과 생명에 대한 개방성의 결합이 깨지면, 인격과 몸의 일치, 그리고 가족 구성원 간의 일치가 깨진다는 것이다. 더 나아가, 본고는 이러한 다양한 층위의 일치가 인간-창조주의 일치와 불가분으로 결합되어 있음을 보여주고자 한다. 먼저, 성혁명의 결과로 우리가 체험하고 있는 성의 파편화(fragmentation of sexuality)의 한 가지 예를 생각해보자. 이것은 체코출신의 작가 밀란 쿤데라(Milan Kundera)의 유명한 소설 󰡔참을 수 없는 존재의 가벼움󰡕(The Unbearable Lightness of Being)이다. 주인공 토마스와 데레사는 성과 사랑을 이해하는 ‘가벼운’ 방식과 ‘무거운’ 방식을 대변한다. 토마스가 (성의 ‘가벼움’을 대변하는) 충동적인 바람둥이인 반면에, 데레사는 토마스와 유일하고 안정된 사랑을 갈망한다. 그녀가 토마스의 집으로 들어가면서 가져간 무거운 여행 가방이 바로 그러한 사랑의 상징이다. 흥미롭게도, 토마스와 데레사의 사랑이 불가능한 것은, 그들이 자신의 ‘몸’을 살아가는 방식과 관련이 있다. 그럼, 그들이 어떻게 살아가는지 들어보자. “데레사는 마치도 자신에게 이질적인 것처럼 자신의 몸을 바라보면서, 넋을 잃고 거울 앞에 섰다. 그 몸은 이질적이지만, 그 누구도 아닌 자신에게 주어진 몸인 것이다. 그녀는 그 몸을 보면서 역겨움을 느꼈다. 그 몸은 토마스의 삶에서 유일한 몸이 될 능력이 없었다. 그 몸은 그녀를 실망시켰고 기만했다.”1)데레사는 비록 자신의 몸이 수많은 여자들과 경쟁할 수 없어 사랑을 포기해야 하지만, 자신의 영혼은 유일한 방식으로 남편과 일치할 수 있을 것이라 생각하며 위안을 얻는다. 여기서 몸은 만남과 관계의 공간(space)이 되지 못한다. 몸이 계속 반복되는 성적 만남의 ‘가벼운’ 체험에 묶여 있는 토마스에게 말이다. 한편, 데레사의 경우, 몸은 토마스와의 유일한 만남을 매개하지 못한다. 이 점에서 우리는 쿤데라가 왜 톨스토이의 위대한 소설 󰡔안나 카레니나󰡕와 비견되는지를 알게 된다. 즉, 그것은 부부가 처해 있는 지속적인 협소함(narrowness)을 강조하기 위함이다. 󰡔안나 카레니나󰡕에서 연인들이 고립된 것은 사회가 그들을 배제하였기 때문인 반면에, 여기서는 [쿤데라의 소설] 그들의 몸이 실제적인 일치의 가능성을 배제하는 것처럼 보인다. 아무튼, 이 소설은 1960년대에 폭발한 ‘성을 살아가는 새로운 방식’이 점점 더 협소함을 맛보게 했음을 묘사해준다. 무한한 자유의 가능성을 약속하는 성적인 몸(sexual body)은, 사실 주체를 자신의 너머로 개방시켜 주는 관계를 만들어내지 못한다. 이 예는 반포 50주년을 맞이한 회칙 ｢인간 생명｣의 가르침을 이해하도록 도와준다. 이 회칙의 새로움은 성 문제를 몸의 의미(meanings of the body)라는 관점에서 접근한 데 있었다. 몸의 의미는 부부의 일치, 부모-자녀 일치와 같은, 주체를 자신의 너머로 개방시켜 주는 관계를 매개한다.(｢인간 생명｣, 12항 참조) 아래에서는 ｢인간 생명｣과 몸의 언어의 관계를 발전시킬 것이다. 먼저, ⑴ 현재의 상황에서 이 주제가 중요함을 확인할 것이다. 그러고 나서, ⑵ 성적인 몸이 어떻게 인격의 통합성에 핵심이 되는 관계의 언어를 말하는지를 분석할 것이다. 다음으로 ⑶ 이 언어는 인간의 궁극적 기초를 창조주 안에서 가리킬 때 비로소 온전히 이해되고 살아질 수 있음을 밝힐 것이다. 끝으로, ⑷ 몸을 살아가는 이러한 방식이 피임(contraception)으로 어떻게 손상되는지, 반면에 정결의 덕의 맥락에서 자연 출산 조절법에 의해서는 그것이 어떻게 증진되는지를 설명할 것이다.

Iron oxide nanostructures for photoelectrochemical applications: Effect of applied potential during Fe anodization

Bianca Lucas-Granados,Rita Sánchez-Tovar,Ramón M. Fernández-Domene,José García-Antón 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.70 No.-

In photoelectrochemistry, a suitable photoanode leading to high efficiencies in photocatalytic processesis a research challenge. Iron oxide nanostructures are promising materials to be used as photoanodes. Inthis work, different potentials during iron anodization were applied to study the properties of thesynthesized nanostructures. Results revealed that nanostructures anodized at 50 V presentedwell-defined nanotubular structures with open-tube tops, and they achieved values of photocurrentdensity of 0.11 mA cm 2 at 0 rpm and 0.14 mA cm 2 at 1000 rpm (measured at 0.50 VAg/AgCl),corresponding to the oxygen evolution reaction from water, i.e. 2H2O + 4 h+→ 4H+ + O2, demonstratingtheir good photoelectrochemical behavior.

“우리는 다시 확고하게 고해성사를 중시하여야 합니다”(『자비의 얼굴』 17항)

호세 그라나도스(Jose Granados),김상용(번역자) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2019 神學展望 Vol.- No.204

고해성사는 하느님 자비의 성사이다. 참회의 원천과 목적지는 자비의 그것들과 일치한다. 인간의 죄는 이 원천과 목적지, 곧 하느님의 창조와 구원사이에서 벌어지는 하나의 이야기이다. 인간이 자신의 원천으로부터 목적지로 가는 여정을 가로막는 장애물이다. 그러나 인간 이야기는 그가 지은 죄이야기보다 더 오래되었고 더 궁극적이며, 더 심오하고 더 원대하다. 이 이야기는 그리스도를 통해 결정적으로 드러났으며, 그리스도 이야기에 다름아니다. 바로 여기에 참회의 의의와 자비의 의미가 존재한다. 그리스도 이야기는 하느님의 주도로 하느님 이야기가 인간 이야기와 불가분적으로 결합하게 된 자비 이야기의 원형이요 그 정점이다. 이런 의미에서 그리스도는 성부의 자비의 얼굴이다. 참회 과정은 인간이 태초부터 하느님과 맺고 있던 관계를 그리스도를 통하여 기억해 내고, 이 기억의 빛으로 조명하여 자폐적인 죄 이야기를 은총의 희망으로 열린 이야기로 다시 독해함으로써(고백) 본래의 관계적 실존성을 회복하고(통회), 이에 따라 덕행을 수행할 수 있게 되는(보속) 일련의 과정이라고 할 수 있다. 이 모든 과정에 함께하는 하느님의 자비는 이처럼 죄인을 새롭게 태어나게 하며, 이 인간이 당신의 자비로써 새로운 관계를 출산하도록 이끈다. 그리스도를 대리하여 성사를 집전하는 고해 사제는 죄인으로 하여금 예수 그리스도 이야기를 기억하도록 해 줌으로써 그가 하느님의 자녀로 재탄생하는 데 아버지요 의사이며 스승인 동시에 재판관으로서의 역할을 수행하며 하느님의 자비에 몸소 참여한다. 자비는 동정이나 관용 그 이상을 의미한다. 자비는 자비를 낳는다. 죄인이 죄를 벗어 던지고 하느님 자녀로서 살아가도록 빛과 힘을 부여한다. 그 품위에 따라 자비를 행하도록 재촉한다. 이로써 인간 이야기는 그리스도 이야기로 변화되며 하느님의 전능을 드러내는 장소가 된다.

Los Empresarios y Sus Prácticas de Movilidad para Enfrentar la Violencia en el Espacio Social Fronterizo de Tijuana

Luis Adolfo Ortega Granados 한국라틴아메리카학회 2017 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.30 No.2

Violence linked to organized crime became a constant in several cities in Mexico, mainly in those adjacent to the United States. In this context, the relationship between the border social structure of the border and its inhabitants changed, particularly with regard to the power groups holding power in the state of Baja California. In tThis is the context, inof this article, in which I present two aspects of the mobility of entrepreneurs: a) the process in which violence settled into the border region of Tijuana and b) show the differentiated practices of mobility that allowed them to move awaydistance themselves from crime without leaving the Tijuana-San Diego border region. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork with business groups, I emphasize that in the framework of criminality, the border showed its polysemic character. By way of conclusion I affirm that with the expression of violence, lived or represented, border elites were socially and spatially reconfigured.

Energy Efficient Architecture Using Hardware Acceleration for Software Defined Radio Components

Liu, Chen,Granados, Omar,Duarte, Rolando,Andrian, Jean Korea Information Processing Society 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.1

In order to make cognitive radio systems a practical technology to be deployed in real-world scenarios, the core Software Defined Radio (SDR) systems must meet the stringent requirements of the target application, especially in terms of performance and energy consumption for mobile platforms. In this paper we present a feasibility study of hardware acceleration as an energy-efficient implementation for SDR. We identified the amplifier function from the Software Communication Architecture (SCA) for hardware acceleration since it is one of the functions called for most frequently and it requires intensive floating-point computation. Then, we used the Virtex5 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to perform a comparison between compiler floating-point support and the on-chip floating-point support. By enabling the on-chip floating-point unit (FPU), we obtained as high as a 2X speedup and 50% of the overall energy reduction. We achieved this with an increase of the power consumption by no more than 0.68%. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach.