중국기업에서 일터학습이 조직몰입과 경력만족에 미치는 영향

필침예 ( Chen Rui Bi ),이기은 ( Ki Eun Lee ) 아시아.유럽미래학회 2014 유라시아연구 Vol.11 No.4

급변하는 환경하에서 경쟁력을 확보하고 성과를 높이기 위해서 기업들은 종업원들의 능력향상에 많은 관심을 기울이게 되었다. 기존에 기업에서 이루어지는 여러 가지 단점을 지니고 있었다. 주로집합식 교육으로 이루어지는데 이는 교육훈련이 필요한 시점에 이루어지기 어려우며 개인들간의 차이를 반영하기도 어려웠다. 이에 최근 기업들은 작업이 일어나는 현장에서 학습과 교육이 분리되지 않고 통합되어 이루어지는 일터학습(workplace learning)에 관심을 기울이게 되었다. 일터학습에 관한 대표적인 학자인 Marsick과 Watkins(1990)에 따르면 일터학습은 주로 강의실을 중심으로 이루어지며 상당히 구조화된 형식 학습(formal learning), 주로 강의실을 벗어나 일어나며 구조화의 수준이 낮은 무형식 학습(informal learning), 대인간의 상호작용이나 시행착오와 같이 어떤 활동에 따른 의도하지 않은 부산물로 발생하는 우연적 학습(incidental learning) 등으로 구분된다. 그런데, 지금까지 이루어진 일터학습에 관한 연구들은 주로 개념적인 측면에서 다루어지거나, 일터학습에 대해 질적인 방법론을 활용한 연구가 많았으며, 일터학습에 대해 실증적으로 검토를 하였다고 하더라도 교육학적인 관점에서 다루어진 연구들이 많은 실정이다. 또한 일터학습을 다룬 연구들은 일부 국가 들에 한정되어 이루어졌다.본 연구에서는 빠르게 성장하는 중국기업내 종업원을 대상으로 일터학습을 검토하고자 한다. 중국기업의 종업원을 대상으로 한 일터학습 연구는 아직까지 매우 드문 실정이다. 또한 현재 많은 한국기업들이 중국에 진출하고 중국기업들과 많은 교류가 이루어지고 있기 때문에 중국기업에 대한 검토는 중국기업의 운영방식을 이해하는데에도 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. 중국기업들은 빠르게 성장하고 있는 반면 종업원에 대해 충분한 교육훈련을 실시하지 못하고 있는 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 중국기업의 종업원을 대상으로 일터학습의 3가지 유형(즉, 형식학습, 무형식학습, 우연적 학습)이 조직몰입과 경력만족에 미치는 영향력의 관계를 검토하고자 한다. 또한 일터학습과 조직몰입 및 경력만족과의 관계에서 상사지원의 조절효과를 검토하고자 한다. 상사는 조직에서 종업원에게 가장 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있는 존재이기 때문이다. 중국 랴오닝성 다롄시에 소재한 기업들의 종업원으로부터 회수한 381부의 설문지를 분석하였다. 가설검증 방법으로는 계층적인 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 독립변수 이외의 다른 요인들의 영향을 배제하기 위해 인구 통계적 변수(성별, 연령, 교육수준, 근속기간, 직급, 기업규모, 기업유형 등)는 가설검증을 위해모든 통계분석에서 통제변수로 이용되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일터학습이 조직몰입에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일터학습의 하위유형 중 형식 학습과 우연적 학습은 조직몰입에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 무형식 학습은 조직몰입과 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 일터학습이 경력만족에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일터학습의 하위유형 중 무형식 학습과 우연적 학습은 경력만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 형식 학습은 경력만족과 유의한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 일터학습과 조직몰입 및 경력만족간의 관계에서 상사지원의 조절효과는 전혀 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 따라서 상사지원의 조절효과는 모두 기각되었다. 마지막으로 결론부분에서는 지금까지의 연구결과를 정리하고 연구결과에 따른 학문적 및 실무적인 시사점에 대해 논의하였다. 또한 본 연구의 한계점을 방법론적인 측면에서 검토하였고 설문지 회수에 따른 문제점에 대해서도 서술하였다. Under the turbulent enviornments, the companies tries to attain competitive advantage and to improve the performance and pay much attention to develop the abilities of employees. The traditional educational programs used in many companies have shortcomings. It is difficult for traditional educational program to be given to employees at the point they want education and to consider the individual difference of employees. Therefore, many companies come to get interests in workplace learning in which work and education is not separated. Marsick & Watkins(1990) have divided workplace learning into three types. First, formal learning is given to employees usually in classroom and very structured. Second, informal learning usually happens outside classroom and the level of structured learning is very low. Finally, incidental learning is by-product out of unintended activities like personal interaction or trial and error. There are many studies to review conceptually and to use qualitative methods among the previous studies which have been conducted about workplace learning. Some studies which have used quantitative approaches have been dealt in aspect of education. Until now, there are few studies to be performed in China. Even though Chinese firms have made rapid growth, most of Chinese firms have not provided sufficient training opportunities to their employees. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influences of three types of workplace learning on organizational commitment and career satisfaction and the moderating effects of supervisory support on their relationships in Chinese companies. The reason that supervisor support is selected as moderating variable in the relationship between workplace learning and organizational commitment and career satisfaction is that supervisor is the representative person to make enormous influences on employees in most of orgnaizations. The total 381 questionnaires collected from Chinese employees who were working in Dalian, China were finally analyzed. In order to test hypotheses, hierarchical regression wes used and the demographic variables such as gender, marital status, age, education, tenure, position, and type of companies were controlled in regression analysis. The results obtained in this study are as below. First, workplace learning partially makes positive affects on organizational commitment. Formal learning and incidental learning in the workplace learning are positively related with organizational commitment. Second, workplace learning partially makes positive affects on career satisfaction. Informal learning and incidental learning in the workplace learning are positively related with career satisfaction. Finally, the moderating effects of supervisory support in the relationships between workplace learning and organizational commitment and career satisfaction. In conclusion part, the results of this study were summarized, implications of those results were discussed in academic and practical aspects. Limitation of this study in terms of methodology and the difficulty in questionnaire collection were checked. And finally, future directions of study on LMX among Chinese employees were suggested.

Naringin and Naringenin Relax Rat Tracheal Smooth by Regulating BKCa Activation

Rui Shi,Jia-Wen Xu,Zi-Ting Xiao,Ruo-Fei Chen,Yi-Lin Zhang,Jia-Bi Lin,Ke-Ling Cheng,Gu-Yi Wei,Pei-Bo Li,Wen-Liang Zhou,Wei-Wei Su 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.9

Naringin and its aglycone, naringenin, occur naturally in our regular diet and traditional Chinese medicines. This study aimed to detect an effective therapeutic approach for cough variant asthma (CVA) through evaluating the relaxant effect of these two bioactive herbal monomers as antitussive and antiasthmatic on rat tracheal smooth muscle. The relaxant effect was determined by measuring muscular tension with a mechanical recording system in rat tracheal rings. Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured using a confocal imaging system in primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells. In rat tracheal rings, addition of both naringin and naringenin could concentration dependently relax carbachol (CCh)-evoked tonic contraction. This epithelium-independent relaxation could be suppressed by BaCl2, tetraethylammonium, and iberiotoxin (IbTX), but not by glibenclamide. After stimulating primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells by CCh or high KCl, the intracellular Ca2+ increase could be inhibited by both naringin and naringenin, respectively. This reaction was also suppressed by IbTX. These results demonstrate that both naringin and naringenin can relax tracheal smooth muscle through opening big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, which mediates plasma membrane hyperpolarization and reduces Ca2+ influx. Our data indicate a potentially effective therapeutic approach of naringin and naringenin for CVA.

Experimental Study on Frequency Support of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Based on Electromagnetic Coupler

Rui You,Jianyun Chai,Xudong Sun,Daqiang Bi,Xinzhen Wu 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.1

In the variable speed Wind Turbine based on ElectroMagnetic Coupler (WT-EMC), a synchronous generator is coupled directly to the grid. Therefore, like conventional power plants, WT-EMC is able to inherently support grid frequency. However, due to the reduced inertia of the synchronous generator, WT-EMC is expected to be controlled to increase its output power in response to a grid frequency drop to support grid frequency. Similar to the grid frequency support control of Type 3 or Type 4 wind turbine, inertial control and droop control can be used to calculate the WT-EMC additional output power reference according to the synchronous generator speed. In this paper, an experimental platform is built to study the grid frequency support from WT-EMC with inertial control and droop control. Two synchronous generators, driven by two induction motors controlled by two converters, are used to emulate the synchronous generators in conventional power plants and in WT-EMCs respectively. The effectiveness of the grid frequency support from WT-EMC with inertial control and droop control responding to a grid frequency drop is validated by experimental results. The selection of the grid frequency support controller and its gain for WT-EMC is analyzed briefly.

Experimental Study on Frequency Support of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Based on Electromagnetic Coupler

You, Rui,Chai, Jianyun,Sun, Xudong,Bi, Daqiang,Wu, Xinzhen The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.1

In the variable speed Wind Turbine based on ElectroMagnetic Coupler (WT-EMC), a synchronous generator is coupled directly to the grid. Therefore, like conventional power plants, WT-EMC is able to inherently support grid frequency. However, due to the reduced inertia of the synchronous generator, WT-EMC is expected to be controlled to increase its output power in response to a grid frequency drop to support grid frequency. Similar to the grid frequency support control of Type 3 or Type 4 wind turbine, inertial control and droop control can be used to calculate the WT-EMC additional output power reference according to the synchronous generator speed. In this paper, an experimental platform is built to study the grid frequency support from WT-EMC with inertial control and droop control. Two synchronous generators, driven by two induction motors controlled by two converters, are used to emulate the synchronous generators in conventional power plants and in WT-EMCs respectively. The effectiveness of the grid frequency support from WT-EMC with inertial control and droop control responding to a grid frequency drop is validated by experimental results. The selection of the grid frequency support controller and its gain for WT-EMC is analyzed briefly.

Bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase 의 3차원 구조 ( 4A resolution ) 와 그 기능에 관한 고찰

정용제,Rui Sousa,Bi cheng Wang 생화학분자생물학회 1991 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

Strain Response Regularity and Viscoplastic Model of Asphalt Binder and Asphalt Mastic Based on Repeated Creep and Recovery Test

Yanqiu Bi,Yong Wen,Jianzhong Pei,Jiupeng Zhang,Rui Li 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.3

As a viscoelastic material, asphalt mixture mainly derives its viscoelastic properties from the asphalt binder. This research aims to comparatively evaluate the strain response regularity of asphalt binder and asphalt mastic through repeated creep and recovery (RCR) test indices. The influences of the asphalt binders, filler volume fraction and filler type on the strain response indices: deformation recovery rate (R) and non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr) were analyzed according to the RCR test results of the mastics. The viscoplastic (VP) model for characterizing asphalt binder and asphalt mastic behavior was described. The parameters of the model were determined in the prepeak region of the loading, under different stress levels. Simultaneously, the prediction accuracy of the developed VP model was verified, and the applicability of the model was analyzed. The filler volume fraction has the most significant effect on the strain response of the mastic. The R value decreases but the Jnr value increases with the filler volume fractions. The average non-recoverable percent Jnr value decreases with the aging degree increasing. Compared with the unaged (OR) mastics, the Jnr values after rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) decreases by more than 20% and 88%. The improved strain hardening VP model can better simulate the viscoplastic strain response of the asphalt binder and mastic in the RCR test, and the prediction accuracy was greatly improved. The prediction accuracy slightly decreased with creep time increasing. Further research shows that the improved strain hardening VP model is also applicable to the calculation of viscoplastic strains in the RCR test of the asphalt binder and the mastic after RTFOT aging and PAV aging. The improved VP model increases from 5% to 92% off the reference line to within 3%.

Growth of InGaN Films on c-plane Sapphire Substrates with an AlN Nucleation Layer by Using Metal-organic Chemical-Vapor Deposition

Dang-Hui Wang,Sheng-Rui Xu,Jin-Cheng Zhang,Ke Chen,Zhi-Wei Bi,Lin-Xia Zhang,Fan-Na Meng,Shan Ai,Yue Hao 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.4

In this study, we report on the crystal quality of InGaN epifilms with different indium fractions grown at different growth temperatures on c-plane sapphire substrates with an AlN nucleation layer by using low-pressure metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), atom force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman scattering measurements were employed to study the crystal quality, optical properties and strain condition of InGaN epifilms with increasing indium fraction (from 4.36% to 15.36%). Results show that InGaN epitaxial layers can be realized with a higher indium fraction at a lower temperature by inserting an AlN nucleation layer between the sapphire substrate and the GaN buffer layer and that the obtained InGaN epifilms have an improved crystal quality and a lower threading dislocation density.

Monte Carlo simulation and study of REE/PET composites with wide γ-ray protection

Cui Tongyan,Chen Ruixin,Bi Shumin,Wang Rui,Ma Zhongjian,Jia Qingxiu 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.8

In this paper, rare earth element (REE)/polyester composites were designed with lanthanum oxide, gadolinium oxide, and lutetium oxide as ray shielding agents, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the base. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out using FLUKA software. We found that the radiation protection performance of the composite is affected by the type and amount of REE; a higher amount of REE equated to a better radiation protection performance of the composite. When the thickness of the composite and total thickness of the REE is constant, the number of superimposed layers inside the composite does not affect its shielding performance. Compared with a single-type REE/PET composite, a mixed-type REE/PET composite has a wider range of g-ray absorption and better radiation protection performance. When the mass ratio of PET to REE is 2:8 and different types of REE are mixed with equal mass, several 0.2 cm-thick mixed-type REE/PET composites can shield >70% of 60 and 80 KeV g-rays

Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and outcomes in uterine carcinosarcoma and grade 3 endometrial cancer patients: a comparative study

Jun Zhu,Hao Wen,Rui Bi,Xiaohua Wu 대한부인종양학회 2016 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.27 No.2

Objective: Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) shared the same staging system with endometrial carcinoma in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics between UCS and grade 3 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (G3EC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 60 UCS and 115 G3EC patients with initial treatment at the Department of Gynecology in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between February 2006 and August 2013. Chi-square analysis was used to compare differences between variables. Prognostic factors were determined using univariate/multivariate analysis, and the survival rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used to assess the independent prognostic factor. Results: UCS had significantly worse overall survival (OS) compared with G3EC. Carcinosarcoma subtype was an independent factor (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.8; p=0.039), stratified based on stage. Compared with G3EC, UCS patients had a greater incidence of ascites fluid (55.0% vs. 15.7%, p<0.001) and adnexal involvement (20.0% vs. 8.7%, p=0.048) and larger median tumor volume (4.6 cm vs. 4.0 cm, p=0.046). Subgroup analysis of the prognostic factors revealed that UCS patients exhibited worse OS than G3EC patients in such specific subgroups as patients at younger ages, with postmenopausal status, without ascites fluid, with early stage diseases, without vagina invasion, without lymph node metastases and receiving adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy with chemotherapy was predictive of better survival in UCS patients compared with chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone (5-year OS, 71.0% vs. 35.8%, p=0.028). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that tumor mesenchymal component (HR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 15.8; p=0.014) was an independent prognostic factor for UCS, whereas advanced stages (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.0 to 33.9; p=0.046) and ascites fluid (HR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 22.7; p=0.032) were independently correlated with poor prognosis for G3EC patients. Conclusion: The distinctions in both clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics between UCS and G3EC suggest that this subtype should be treated separately from high-risk epithelial endometrial carcinoma.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened loach (Sinibotia reevesae) and its phylogeny

Yuan‑Chao Zou,Bi‑Wen Xie,Chuan‑Jie Qin,Yong‑Ming Wang,Deng‑Yue Yuan,Rui Li,Zheng‑Yong Wen 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.7

In present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinibotia reevesae was first sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology and annotated using bioinformatic tools. The circular mitochondrial genome was 16,572 bp in length, and contained 13 proteincoding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 displacement loop locus. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced cypriniformes mitogenomes. The control region could be divided into three parts included the extended termination associated sequence domain, the central conserved domain and the conserved sequence block. Interestingly, two stemloop domains were found in control region and OL region, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes with two different methods (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis) both highly supported the close relationship of S. reevesae and Sinibotia superciliaris, which was in line with the previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. These data provide useful information for a better understanding of the mitogenomic diversities and evolution in fish as well as novel genetic markers for studying population genetics and species identification.