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Riaz Uddin,Ali S. Alghamdi,Muhammad Hammad Uddin,Ahmed Bilal Awan,Syed Atif Naseem 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.6
The fault diagnosis and control through fault detection, isolation and supply restoration (FDIR) technique is the part of a commonly used distribution management system application in smart grid. When the fault occurs, it becomes essential to detect and isolate the faulty section of the distribution network at once and then restore back to its running condition through tie switches. The communication between IEDs is done through diferent communication mediums such as Ethernet, wireless, power line communication etc. Therefore, formal analysis of the FDIR mechanism is required with communication network (ideally Ethernet), which helps us to predict the behavior of FDIR response upon the occurrence of fault in terms of various important probabilities, reliability study and efciency (showing the system will work properly). In this regard, for the above said analyses, this article discusses (a) the development of the Markovian model of FDIR for distribution network of smart grid considering Tianjin Electric Power Network as case study with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) using ideal communication medium (Ethernet); (b) utilized probabilistic model checker (PRISM tool) to predict the probabilities; (c) perform the reliability analyses and (d) study the efciency of FDIR behavior for future grid using logical properties. The detailed analysis and prediction (done for the fault occurrence scenario) mainly focus in determining the (1) the probability of switching failures of FDIR in smart grid; (2) the probability of isolating the defective switch from the system within limited time and (3) the probability of restoring the system automatically within the minimum possible interval.
Formal Reliability Analyses of Power Line Communication Networkbased Control in Smart Grid
Riaz Uddin,Syed Atif Naseem,Zafar Iqbal 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.12
Communication network is one of the primary elements of the Smart Grid for sending and receiving the bi-directional flows of important information such as load flow, faults, etc., in a reliable and efficient way. In this regard, G3-Power Line Communication (PLC) network is the most ideal preference over wireless or wired communication technology due to low cost, high throughput and better reliability for the distribution network of Smart Grid. This fact motivated us to study and analyze in detail the accuracy and reliability of the flow of information of the PLC network in terms of probabilities especially for Fault Detection, Isolation and Supply Restoration (FDIR) behavior in the distribution system of Smart Grid through formal analyses. In order to perform the analyses, first we develop the Markovian model of the FDIR behavior with (G3-PLC) in the distribution network of Smart Grid of the practical intelligent distribution network system case study, and then formally verify the model via probabilistic model checker (PRISM) tool in order to analyze the system accuracy, efficiency, and reliability by developing the logical properties and finding the success/failure probabilities for the FDIR mechanism at the occurrence of faults. Finally, some important discussions are made comparing FDIR connected with Ethernet communication network against FDIR connected with the PLC network.
Hashmi, Atif Ali,Faridi, Naveen,Khurshid, Amna,Naqvi, Hanna,Malik, Babar,Malik, Faisal Riaz,Fida, Zubaida,Mujtuba, Shafaq Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Background: Intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy has now become the standard of care for patients with clinically node negative breast cancer for diagnosis and also in order to determine the need for immediate axillary clearance. Several large scale studies confirmed the diagnostic reliability of this method. However, micrometastases are frequently missed on frozen sections. Recent studies showed that both disease free interval and overall survival are significantly affected by the presence of micrometastatic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for the detection of breast cancer micrometastasis and to evaluate the status of non-sentinel lymph nodes (non-SLNs) in those patients subjected to further axillary sampling. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 154 patients who underwent SLN biopsy from January 2008 till October 2011. The SLNs were sectioned at 2 mm intervals and submitted entirely for frozen sections. Three levels of each section submitted are examined and the results were compared with further levels on paraffin sections. Results: Overall 40% of patients (62/154) were found to be SLN positive on final (paraffin section) histology, out of which 44 demonstrated macrometastases (>2mm) and 18 micrometastases (<2mm). The overall sensitivity and specificity of frozen section analysis of SLN for the detection of macrometastasis was found to be 100% while those for micrometastasis were 33.3% and 100%, respectively. Moreover 20% of patients who had micrometastases in SLN had positive non-SLNs on final histology. Conclusions: Frozen section analysis of SLNs lacks sufficient accuracy to rule out micrometastasis by current protocols. Therefore these need to be revised in order to pick up micrometastasis which appears to have clinical significance. We suggest that this can be achieved by examining more step sections of blocks.
Adnan Younis,Atif Riaz,Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Ki-Byung Lim,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Muhammad Asif Khan 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.4
Potting media are an integral part of potted plants production system, formulated by a mixture of various raw materials to act as a substrate for plant support and source of nutrition. There is a wide range of potting media available, which are used for quality production of high-value plants worldwide. In this study, quality assessment of Dracaena plants grown in different potting media like: mushroom compost, peat, sand, farmyard manure, coconut coir, and leaf compost in different combinations were carried out. A mixture of sand, mushroom compost, coconut coir, and peat proved to be the best, by promoting root and shoot growth, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot, and also improved overall quality of the plant. Media containing garden soil alone or a mixture of sand and leaf compost produced the lowest quality of plants with considerable reduction in most of the growth parameters. Anatomical parameters showed weak relation to media composition as compared to other morphological features. The best medium was made with sand, mushroom compost, coconut coir, peat, that produced plants with thick epidermis and larger pith cells, but thin endodermis and smaller metaxylem vessels in their roots. As moisture availability was sufficient enough in this medium combination, the development of water storing tissue may not contribute significantly. However, epidermis can play a decisive role in protecting roots from external environmental hazards.
Crossability among Modern Roses and Heterosis of Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Hybrids
Muhammad Nadeem,Adnan Younis,Atif Riaz,임기병 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.4
Nine divergent popular hybrid rose cultivars and 22 of their F1 hybrids were studied to determine the extent of crossability and heterosis effects for several quantitative and qualitative traits in the climatic conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The percentage of pollen germination differed across cultivars. Gruss-an-Teplitz exhibited the maximum value for pollen germination (46.5%), followed by Autumn Sunset (38.9%). Iceberg, being triploid, presented the lowest percentage of germination. All cultivars exhibited a strong correlation between pollen germination percentages in the lab and crossing success under field conditions. The cultivar Handel showed remarkable fruit-set and crossing success. In contrast, the cultivar Iceberg exhibited very poor crossing success rates. The setting of hips after crossing was maximal in the crosses Handel × Louise Odier and Autumn Sunset × Casino (83% each). The number of seeds in a single hip varied among cultivars. The potential for heterotic and heterobeltiotic was also variable and showed contrasting performance between F1 progenies for various qualitative and quantitative traits. The parent cultivars and progenies were sorted into five major groups by cluster analysis based on phenotypic variation. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability and heritability percentages varied among all parent cultivars for all morphological traits.