Classical vs. Modern Genetic and Breeding Approaches for Lily (Lilium) Crop Improvement: A Review

Adnan Younis,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Ki-Byung Lim 한국화훼산업육성협회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.2

Lilies are of great economic important floweringplant that belongs to the genus Lilium can be grown underdiverse climatic conditions. During the last decade the lilyhas gained popularity worldwide among cut flowers and pot-ted flowering plants. Seeing the great recognition of lilies ininternational flower trade, several breeding approacheshave been adopted on different Lilium sections/groups andmore than 10,000 lily cultivars have been bred. Innovativebreeding strategies and advancement in molecular and bio-technology techniques have made the assortment of liliesdramatically. Different DNA marker approaches have greatpotential to increase the precision and efficiency of conven-tional lily breeding via marker-assisted selection (MAS) anddifferent breeders used it for Lilium crop improvement. Inthis review, different approaches and techniques that lilybreeders have employed to develop novel cultivars are dis-cussed. It is imperative to recognize that there must be anenhanced integration and synchronization in different lilyobjective oriented breeding programs, so that current issues,barriers etc. can be well identified with their appropriatesolutions.

Case Study: Impact of Well-Planned Landscape in Delivering Quality of Life to City Dwellers

Adnan Younis,Atif Riaz,Muhammad Qasim 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Dielectric Properties of Cu0.5 Tl0.5 Ba Ca3 Cu4−y Zny O12−δ (y = 0, 3) Superconductors

Adnan Younis,Nawazish Ali Khan,Naeem Ullah Bajwa 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.6

The dielectric properties of Cu0.5 Tl0.5 Ba Ca3 Cu4−y Zny O12−δ (y = 0, 3) superconductors have been studied to investigate the doping effects of Zn atoms in Cu0.5 Tl0.5 Ba Ca3 Cu4−y Zny O12−δ(y = 0, 3) superconductors. The role of doping in modifying the dielectric properties, such as the dielectric loss (tan δ) and the ac-conductivity (σac) by means of capacitance (C) and conductance (G) measurements has been studied at test frequencies (f) in the range of 10 to 10 MHz. These dielectric properties have been investigated in the normal state of the samples at room temperature and in their superconducting state. From these analyses, we determine the excess conductivity in the superconducting state (lower energy state) of the system and suggest its possible role in the mechanism of superconductivity. A negative capacitance (NC) phenomenon has been observed in the dielectric measurements of these samples, which most likely arises due to difference in the Fermi levels of the contact electrodes with the superconductor ceramic sample. Due to higher Fermi levels of the ceramics, there is a flow of the carriers from the ceramic sample towards the metal electrodes. A comparison of the dielectric properties of previously reported Tl2 Ba2 Ca2 Cu2 Ox samples to those of Cu0.5 Tl0.5 Ba Ca3 Cu4−y Zny O12−δ(y = 0, 3) samples has shown that our samples display lower losses and higher ac conductivities at 300 K and 80 K. This difference most likely arises due to a difference in the thicknesses of the charge reservoir layers of these materials. The decreased dielectric loss in our Zn-doped samples strongly suggests that the polarization most likely arises due to the separation of charges between the Cu0.5 Tl0.5 Ba2 O4−δ charge reservoir layer and mobile carriers in the conducting CuO2 /ZnO2 planes because the charge reservoir layer has localized charges at Ba+2, Tl+3, Cu+2 site, whereas CuO2/ZnO2 planes contain mobile charge carriers displaced from their equilibrium position by the external applied frequency.

FISH and GISH: molecular cytogenetic tools and their applications in ornamental plants.

Younis, Adnan,Ramzan, Fahad,Hwang, Yoon-Jung,Lim, Ki-Byung Springer 2015 Plant cell reports Vol.34 No.9

<P>The innovations in chromosome engineering have improved the efficiency of interrogation breeding, and the identification and transfer of resistance genes from alien to native species. Recent advances in molecular biology and cytogenetics have brought revolutionary, conceptual developments in mitosis and meiosis research, chromosome structure and manipulation, gene expression and regulation, and gene silencing. Cytogenetic studies offer integrative tools for imaging, genetics, epigenetics, and cytological information that can be employed to enhance chromosome and molecular genomic research in plant taxa. In situ hybridization techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), can identify chromosome morphologies and sequences, amount and distribution of various types of chromatin in chromosomes, and genome organization during the metaphase stage of meiosis. Over the past few decades, various new molecular cytogenetic applications have been developed. The FISH and GISH techniques present an authentic model for analyzing the individual chromosome, chromosomal segments, or the genomes of natural and artificial hybrid plants. These have become the most reliable techniques for studying allopolyploids, because most cultivated plants have been developed through hybridization or polyploidization. Moreover, introgression of the genes and chromatin from the wild types into cultivated species can also be analyzed. Since hybrid derivatives may have variable alien chromosome numbers or chromosome arms, the use of these approaches opens new avenues for accurately identifying genome differences.</P>

Exploitation of induced 2n-gametes for plant breeding

Younis, Adnan,Hwang, Yoon-Jung,Lim, Ki-Byung Springer-Verlag 2014 Plant cell reports Vol.33 No.2

Analysis of Chromosomes and Nuclear DNA Content in Nine Genotypes of Cymbidium

Adnan Younis,Kwang Bok Ryu,Vo Thi Co,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Sun Ok Jee,Mi-Seon Kim,Chang Kil Kim,Ki-Byung Lim 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.4

Polyploidy analysis being one of the important mechanisms to study the genetic resources and plant diversity which plays significant role in crop evolution, breeding programs, and crop improvement was conducted in this study. The root tips of nine Cymbidium genotypes were used as materials to determine their chromosome number and flow cytometric analysis of chromosomal ploidies. The chromosome number (2n=40) has been observed in all the nine genotypes. Results showed that among nine cymbidium genotypes, six were tetraploid (2n=4x=80), two diploid (2n=2x=40), and one triploid (2n=3x=60). This study provides useful chromosome landmarks and evidence about genome evolution, heteromorphic chromosomes based heterozygosity, basic chromosome number and ploidy level in the genus Cymbidium. These results can be used as theoretical base line for crossbreeding in the genus Cymbidium.

Anatomical and Morphological Variation in Dracaena reflexa ‘Variegata’ Grown in Different Organic Potting Substrates

Adnan Younis,Atif Riaz,Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Ki-Byung Lim,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Muhammad Asif Khan 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.4

Potting media are an integral part of potted plants production system, formulated by a mixture of various raw materials to act as a substrate for plant support and source of nutrition. There is a wide range of potting media available, which are used for quality production of high-value plants worldwide. In this study, quality assessment of Dracaena plants grown in different potting media like: mushroom compost, peat, sand, farmyard manure, coconut coir, and leaf compost in different combinations were carried out. A mixture of sand, mushroom compost, coconut coir, and peat proved to be the best, by promoting root and shoot growth, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot, and also improved overall quality of the plant. Media containing garden soil alone or a mixture of sand and leaf compost produced the lowest quality of plants with considerable reduction in most of the growth parameters. Anatomical parameters showed weak relation to media composition as compared to other morphological features. The best medium was made with sand, mushroom compost, coconut coir, peat, that produced plants with thick epidermis and larger pith cells, but thin endodermis and smaller metaxylem vessels in their roots. As moisture availability was sufficient enough in this medium combination, the development of water storing tissue may not contribute significantly. However, epidermis can play a decisive role in protecting roots from external environmental hazards.

Comparative Morphological Analysis of Native and Exotic Cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus

Sung Hwan Bae,Adnan Younis,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Ki Byung Lim 한국화훼학회 2015 화훼연구 Vol.23 No.4

Agro-morphological characterization of Hibiscus germplasm is a fundamental prerequisite to initiate plant breeding programs. The prime aim of this study was to characterize 107 Hibiscus syriacus genotypes using agromorphological characteristics and to collect useful data to facilitate the breeders for H. syriacus breeding programs. In this study, it has been recorded that this species appears to have innumerable variability in the morphological characteristics among Korean and exotic cultivars. Plant height of Korean and exotic H. syriacus cultivars were recorded and data revealed that the maximum plant height (143 cm) was recorded in ‘Woodbridge’ which had tall-erect plant shape. ‘Serenade’ and ‘Saemaeul’ cultivars had vigorous growth and had plant height of 141 and 137 cm, respectively and both had tall-erect plant shape. The diameters of H. syriacus flower ranged from 4.1 cm in ‘Kakchang’ to 9.4 cm in ‘Pyonghwa’. The data analysis exhibited that analysis flowers of ~ 86% of Korean cultivars had single type of flower’s form compared to exotic cultivars (~ 61%). The data related to flower shape showed that among Korean native cultivars the maximum plants (52.1%) had intermediate type of flowers followed by bowl (26.1%) and flat type (21.8%). Similar trend in exotic cultivars were observed for flower shape. In case of petal shape among total cultivars studied, 27.9% native H. syriacus plants had broard type of petals whereas 17.7 exotic cultivars had intermediate type of petals. Present results indicated high variability among H. syriacus cultivars, which presents great significance for Hibiscus breeding programs and for genetic studies in order to develop new varieties of H. syriacus.

Various Pollen Morphology in Hibiscus syriacus

Sung Hwan Bae,Adnan Younis,Yoon-Jung Hwang,Ki-Byung Lim 한국화훼학회 2015 화훼연구 Vol.23 No.3

The taxonomic importance of pollen morphologyin family Malvaceae had long been acknowledged as it pro-vides the basis for palynological and phylogenetic analysis.In present study, pollen morphological characteristics of var-ious Hibiscus syriacus cultivars were examined. The objec-tive of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence onpollen morphology and to determine pollen morphologicaldiversity in cultivars of H. syriacus that would be useful forplant taxonomy and classification. To get a clear insights ofthe pollen morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)was carried out. It has been recorded that the pollen diam-eter of 16 cultivars of H. syriacus ranges from 108.81 to172.15 •Ïm. The maximum pollen size was reported fromthe cultivar ‘Chongdansim’ followed by the cultivar ‘Paedal’.The maximum spine exine length was reported from‘Jabae’ (25.29µm) followed by ‘Collie mullens’ (23.25µm),whereas the minimum value was recorded from ‘Paedal’(8.16µm). It is apparent from this study that pollen morphol-ogy of various H. syriacus cultivars was fairly uniform, andin almost all studied cultivars the pollen shape was spheroi-dal. The spines were present in all studied cultivars and var-ied considerably among the cultivars. The pollen spinefeatures presented notable variations which were of greatsignificance at both specific and generic levels, and hasalso been helpful in understanding the process of spine evo-lution within H. syriacus. The maximum distance betweenspines was observed from cultivar ‘Gyewolhyang’ that haddistance of 45.03µm. The morphological characteristics ofpollen studied in this study could be useful in performing amore efficient Hibiscus hybridization and breeding in future.

Various Pollen Morphology in Hibiscus syriacus

배성환,Adnan Younis,황윤정,임기병 한국화훼학회 2015 화훼연구 Vol.23 No.3

The taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in family Malvaceae had long been acknowledged as it provides the basis for palynological and phylogenetic analysis. In present study, pollen morphological characteristics of various Hibiscus syriacus cultivars were examined. The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence on pollen morphology and to determine pollen morphological diversity in cultivars of H. syriacus that would be useful for plant taxonomy and classification. To get a clear insights of the pollen morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. It has been recorded that the pollen diameter of 16 cultivars of H. syriacus ranges from 108.81 to 172.15 μm. The maximum pollen size was reported from the cultivar ‘Chongdansim’ followed by the cultivar ‘Paedal’. The maximum spine exine length was reported from ‘Jabae’ (25.29 μm) followed by ‘Collie mullens’ (23.25 μm), whereas the minimum value was recorded from ‘Paedal’ (8.16 μm). It is apparent from this study that pollen morphology of various H. syriacus cultivars was fairly uniform, and in almost all studied cultivars the pollen shape was spheroidal. The spines were present in all studied cultivars and varied considerably among the cultivars. The pollen spine features presented notable variations which were of great significance at both specific and generic levels, and has also been helpful in understanding the process of spine evolution within H. syriacus. The maximum distance between spines was observed from cultivar ‘Gyewolhyang’ that had distance of 45.03 μm. The morphological characteristics of pollen studied in this study could be useful in performing a more efficient Hibiscus hybridization and breeding in future.