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Nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
Qasim, Muhammad,Lim, Dong-Jin,Park, Hansoo,Na, Dokyun American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.10
<P>The emergence of co-infections and the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens limit the utility of current therapies against infections, and developing countries in particular are facing a great challenge in combating infectious disease. Moreover, any failure to control the spread of infectious diseases would also represent a threat to developed countries. Recent developments in nanotechnology allow us to address this issue at two levels: diagnostics and treatment. Prevention of the spread of infectious pathogens requires rapid and accurate identification of the infectious agents for proper treatment. Recently developed fluorescent nanoparticles are so sensitive that even a single nanoparticle is capable of emitting a strong enough signal to be captured, thus enabling early identification of infections. Proper and effective treatment not only saves the patient, but also prevents the spread of the pathogens. Specific nanoparticle vehicles developed to encapsulate therapeutic agents and deliver them to a target site represent a promising strategy to boost immune responses for vaccination and boost the efficacy of drugs for treatment. Here, we describe a variety of nanotechnologies for use in applications such as immune response modulation, drug delivery, diagnostics, and treatment, which are especially needed in developing countries.</P>
Qasim, Muhammad,Hong, Jae Taek,Natarajan, Raghu N.,An, Howard S. The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.53 No.6
Objective : The offset connector can allow medial and lateral variability and facilitate intralaminar screw incorporation into the construct. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without offset connector using a three dimensional finite element model of a C6-7 cervical spine segment. Methods : Finite element models representing C7 intralaminar screw constructs with and without the offset connector were developed. Range of motion (ROM) and maximum von Mises stresses in the vertebra for the two techniques were compared under pure moments in flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Results : ROM for intralaminar screw construct with offset connector was less than the construct without the offset connector in the three principal directions. The maximum von Misses stress was observed in the C7 vertebra around the pedicle in both constructs. Maximum von Mises stress in the construct without offset connector was found to be 12-30% higher than the corresponding stresses in the construct with offset connector in the three principal directions. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the intralaminar screw fixation with offset connector is better than the construct without offset connector in terms of biomechanical stability. Construct with the offset connector reduces the ROM of C6-7 segment more significantly compared to the construct without the offset connector and causes lower stresses around the C7 pedicle-vertebral body complex.
Muhammad Idrees Afridi,Muhammad Qasim,Ilyas Khan 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.9
In the present paper, we study the entropy analysis of boundary layer ow over a slender stretching sheet under the action of a non uniform magnetic field that is acting perpendicular to the ow direction. The effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are included in the energy equation. Using similarity transformation technique the momentum and thermal boundary layer equations to a system of nonlinear differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained using the shooting and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The expressions for the entropy generation number and Bejan number are also obtained using a suggested similarity transformation. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effects of different governing parameters such as the magnetic parameter (M2), Prandtl number (Pr), Eckert number (Ec), velocity index parameter (m), wall thickness parameter (ff), temperature difference parameter ( ), entropy generation number (Ns) and Bejan number (Be). All these effects are portrayed graphically and discussed in detail. The analysis reveals that entropy generation reduces with decreasing wall thickness parameter and increasing temperature difference between the stretching sheet and the uid outside the boundary layer. The viscous and magnetic irreversibilities are dominant in the vicinity of the stretching surface.
Muhammad Qasim,박한수,Phornsawat Baipaywad,Nopphadol Udomluck,나도균 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.10
Candidiasis is a disease with skin rashes caused by the infectious fungus, Candida albicans, and can bepotentially life-threatening, especially in immunodeficient patients. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a potent antifungalagent with a broad spectrum to treat Candidiasis, but its inherent low solubility and limited skin bioavailability haveprevented its wider clinical use. In this study, we developed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM)-based nanogels as aversatile carrier to enhance AmB solubility and its efficacy. pNIPAM nanogels enhanced the solubility of AmB by 1.6-foldversus AmB alone. Accordingly, pNIPAM markedly improved the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of AmBby 8 folds from 3.91 to 0.49 μg/mL. We also attached NH2 group to the pNIPAM nanogel to increase surface chargesand investigated its effect on AmB antifungal activity. pNIPAM-NH2 has comparable activity in solid culture to pNIPAM,but 2-fold higher antifungal activity in liquid culture. Our pNIPAM and pNIPAM-NH2 nanogels may be usefulas drug delivery agents for the treatment of local antifungal infections by AmB in solid and liquid environments,such as on skin and in blood, with high efficacy and sustainability.
( Muhammad Ismail ),( Naveed Akhtar ),( Muhammad Nasir ),( Sadaf Firasat ),( Qasim Ayub ),( Shagufta Khaliq ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.5
Several studies have demonstrated the importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/ deletion (D) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and essential hypertension in young Pakistanis. The frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism was established by a comparative cross-sectional survey of Pakistani patients suffering from essential hypertension and ethnically matched normotensive controls. Samples were collected from tertiary care hospitals in northern Pakistan. Hypertensive individuals were defined as those with a systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg on three separate occasions, or those currently receiving one, or more, anti-hypertensive agents. DNA samples obtained from hypertensive (n = 211) and normotensive (n = 108) individuals were typed by PCR. The frequency of the ACE I/I genotype was significantly higher in hypertensive patients, aged 20-40 years, than in normotensive controls of the same age group (x²= 4.0, P = 0.041). Whereas no overall significant differences were observed between the I/I, I/D and D/D ACE genotypes (One way ANOVA, F = 0.672; P = 0.413). The association between the ACE I/I genotype and essential hypertension in individuals aged < 40 years suggests that ACE has a role in early onset essential hypertension in Pakistan.
Dynamic Integration of Pl/Sql for Complex Queries
Muhammad Qasim Memon,He Jingsha,Aasma,Allah Ditta,Khurram Gulzar Rana 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.10
Query optimization is a very complex task for commercial databases in case of performance issue that needs to be well known of entire structure of database. In desktop or web application at the back end, query processing aspires to be major factor for finding the better execution. We address the problem of SQL query optimization merely from the perspective of query response time in different databases invoked multiple queries are imparted in admission database management system, leveraging join and complex queries. Our proposed method adhering with respect to the underlying topics, to tune (Select, complex and join SQL) queries with optimized execution plan using PL/SQL features by incorporating database objects such as procedures, triggers and methods to improve query performance, instead amendment of query semantics which lessen time of developer or administrator to do manual tuning.
4D Printing: Future Insight in Additive Manufacturing
Muhammad Qasim Zafar,Haiyan Zhao 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.5
Development in additive manufacturing is exceptionally rapid than the expected forecast so far and it has traced out newdimensions in engineering applications. 3D printing technology becomes more glamorous when Skylar Tibbits incorporatedthe concept of “Time” as a fourth dimension by encapsulating smart materials in current additive manufacturing technique. Materials having an explicit response to external stimuli over a certain time span are designated as smart materials and additivemanufacturing of such time-dependent, programmable, and intelligent materials is termed as 4D printing. In 4D printing,primary 3D printed configuration switched exclusively into a transformed shape when exposed to an external stimuli,e.g. heat, light, water, chemical, electric current, magnetic field or pH. Perhaps, additive manufacturing technology seemsto be superseded exclusively by this modern technology in forthcoming years, and much effort is demanding from everydiscipline to actualize this technology. A task-oriented entire landscape of 4D printing followed by a comprehensive smartmaterial perspective is presented in this review. Graphical abstract set forth a route to the complete process comprehension. Moreover, other components of 4D technology like customary techniques, computational challenges, reversibility and currentstature of 4D printing are probed through recent experimental and theoretical literature. Finally, potential applicationsof 4D printing are summarised with promising research directions and outlook.